英语速记符号完整版.docx
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英语速记符号完整版.docx
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英语速记符号完整版
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
对于考英语听力有帮助哦
1.Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviationsforyourreference:
AbbreviationsinNotetaking.Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.
Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.Asymbolishelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.
S=sum
f=frequency
Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.
cf=compare
e.g.=example
dept=department
Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.
pol=politics
dem=democracy
lib=liberal
cap=capitalism
Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.
pres=presentation
subj=subject
ind=individual
cons=conservative
Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.
assoc=associate
biol=biology
info=information
ach=achievement
chem=chemistry
max=maximum
intro=introduction
conc=concentration
min=minimum
rep=repetition
Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.
ppd=prepared
prblm=problem
estmt=estimate
bkgd=background
gvt=government
Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.
am't=amount
cont'd=continued
gov't=government
educat'l=educational
Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.
chpts=chapters
egs=examples
fs=frequencies
intros=introductions
Usegtorepresentingendings.
ckg=checking
estg=establishing
decrg=decreasing
exptg=experimenting
Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.
Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.
Leaveoutunimportantwords.
Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.
Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.
Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.
&=and
w/=with
w/o=without
vs=against
\=therefore
==isorequal
Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.
zb=German,forexample
ibid=Latin,thesamework
o=degrees
H2O=water
Morereference:
Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples
+plus
//parallel
Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:
eg=example
IT=deptInformationTechnologydepartment
UKUnitedKingdom
Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:
mar=marketing
cus=customer
cli=client
Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:
subj=subject
budg=budget
ind=individual
Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:
tech'gy=technology
gen'ion=generalisation
del'y=delivery
Usejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.Examples:
assoc=associated
ach=achievement
info=information
Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples:
bkgd=background
mvmt=movement
prblm=problem
Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:
custs=customers
fs=frequencies
/s=ratios
Use'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:
decrg=decreasing
ckg=checking
estblg=establishing
Spellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:
in
but
as
key
Leaveoutunimportantverbs.Examples:
is
was
were
Leaveoutunnecessaryarticles.Examples:
a
an
the
Ifaterm,phrase,ornameisinitiallywrittenoutinfullduringthetalkormeeting,initialscanbesubstitutedwhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Example:
JanuaryAdvertisingCampaignBudgetJACB
Usesymbolsforcommonconnectiveortransitionwords.Examples
@at
2to
4for
&and
w/with
w/owithout
vsagainst
Createyourownsetofabbreviationsandsymbols.Youmaywishtodevelopseparatesetsofsymbolsandabbreviationsfordifferentcoursesorsubjects.
OtherSymbolsandAbbreviations
asaresultof/consequencesof<--->
resultingin--->
and/also+
equalto/sameas=
followingff
mostimportantly*
lessthan<
morethangreaterthan>
especiallyesp/
关于缩略词
一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如
IMP:
important,
ASAP:
assoonaspossible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:
F拿掉所有元音
MKT:
market
MGR:
manager
MSG:
message
STD:
standard
RCV:
receive
F保留前几个字母
INFO=information
INS=insurance
EXCH=exchange
IOU=Ioweyou
I/O=Insteadof
F保留开头和结尾的发音字母
WKweek
RMroom
PLpeople
F根据发音
R=are
THO=though
THRU=through
高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表:
缩略词原词
APT=Apartment
ACC=Accountant
ACDG=According
ACPT=Accept
AD=Advertisement
ADS=Address
ADV=Advice
AMAP=Asmuch/manyaspossible
AMT=Amount
APV=Approve
ASAP=Assoonaspossible
BAL=Balance
BLDG=Building
CERT=Certificate
CFM=Conform
CNCL=Cancel
CNF=Conference
CMI=Commission
CMP=Complete
CMPE=Compete/competitive
CMU=Communication
CONC=Concern/concerning/concerned窗体顶端
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