英国文学笔记.docx
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英国文学笔记.docx
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英国文学笔记
•ABriefOutlineofBritishLiteratureHistory
•
1.MedievalLiterature(5A.D.-1485)(中世纪文学)
GeoffreyChaucer(1340—1400)
2.TheEnglishRenaissance(1500-1625)(文艺复兴时期文学)
ThomasMore(1478—1535)
EdmundSpenser(1552—1599)
ChristopherMarlowe(1564—1593)
FrancisBacon(1561—1626)
WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)
3.TheSeventeenthcentury(17thcentury)(17世纪文学)
JohnMilton(1608—1674)
JohnDonne(1572—1631)
JohnBunyan(1628—1688)
4.EnglishEnlightenmentandneo-Classicism(17thcentury-18thcentury)(英国启蒙运动和新古典主义文学)
AlexanderPope(1688—1744)
JonathanSwift(1667—1745)
DanielDefoe(1660—1731)
HenryFielding(1707—1754)
5.RomanticisminEngland(1798-1832)(浪漫主义时期文学)
RobertBurns(1759—1796)
WilliamBlake(1757—1827)
WilliamWordsworth(1770—1850)
SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772—1834)
GeorgeGordonByron(1788—1824)
PercyByssheShelley(1792—1822)
JohnKeats(1795-1821)
6.EnglishRealism(1830s-1918)(现实主义时期文学)/VictorianAge(1832—1901)
RobertBrowning(1821—1889)
AlfredTennyson(1809—1892)
JaneAusten(1775—1817)
TheBronteSisters
CharlesDickens(1812—1870)
WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(1811—1863)
ThomasHardy(1840—1928)
JosephConrad(1857—1924)
OscarWilde(1854-1900)
GeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950)
7.Modernism(1918-1945)(现代主义文学)
T.S.Eliot(1888—1965)
WilliamButlerYeats(1865—1939)
JamesJoyce(1882—1941)
VirginiaWoolf(1882—1941)
D.H.Lawrence(1885—1930)
•
•
1.MedievalLiterature(5A.D.-1485)(中世纪文学)
Beowulf《贝奥武夫》:
thenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.
romance(浪漫传奇):
themostprevailingkindofliteratureinfeudalEngland
Theme:
loyaltytokingandlord
KingArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》
★GeoffreyChaucer(1340--1400)
LiteraryPosition:
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry
Masterpiece:
TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》(OldEnglish)
LiteraryAchievements:
Heroiccouplet(英雄双韵体)
2.TheEnglishRenaissance(1500-1625)(文艺复兴时期文学)
Theword“Renaissance”meansrevival(复活).Thetermoriginallyindicatesarevivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)artsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism(蒙昧主义).
Humanism:
theessenceofRenaissance
EdmundSpenser(1552--1599):
"thepoets'poet"
Masterpiece:
TheFaerieOueene《仙后》
ThomasMore(1478-1535)
Masterpiece:
Utopia(乌托邦)
ChristopherMarlowe(1564--1593):
mostgiftedofthe"UniversityWits"(大学才子派).
Masterpiece:
TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus.《浮士德博士的悲剧》
★FrancisBacon(1561-1626)
LiteraryPosition:
—thefounderofmodernscienceinEngland;
—oneoftheearliestessayist(散文家)inEnglishlanguage
Masterpiece:
Essays《论说文集》
OfStudies(论读书)
★WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)
LiteraryPosition:
·“notofanage,butforalltime”,
·thegreatestgiantofEnglishlanguageandpoeticform,
·oneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliterature,
·oneofthegreatestwritersintheworld’sliterature.
LiteraryAchievements:
38plays(edies(喜剧),histories(历史剧),tragedies(悲剧),tragiedies/romances(悲喜剧)
2narrativepoems
154sonnets(Sonnets1-126addressedtoayoungman,Sonnets127-152addressedto“DarkLady”,Sonnets153-154addressedtoCupid,theGodofloveinGreekmythology)
Plays(4periods)
1.Firstperiod(1592-1594):
Hisapprenticeshipinplays.
Historicalplays:
KingHenryVI《亨利六世》,RichardⅢ《查理三世》
edies:
Love’sLabour’sLost《爱的徒劳》
2.Secondperiod(1595-1600):
Matureperiod,amarkedincreaseintheknowledgeofhumanism
RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
(4大喜剧):
AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》
TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》
AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》
TwelfthNight《第十二夜》
3.Thirdperiod(1601-1608):
Flourishingperiod,aperiodofgloomyanddepression
(4大悲剧):
Hamlet《汉姆雷特》
Othello《奥赛罗》
KingLear《李尔王》
Macbeth《麦克白》
4.Fourthperiod(1608-1612):
Theperiodofromanticdramaintheformoftragiedies
Reconciliationplays:
TheWinter’sTale《冬天的童话》,TheTempest《暴风雨》
3.TheSeventeenthcentury(17thcentury)(17世纪文学)
Historicalbackground
1.TheEnglishrevolution(英国革命)andtheRestoration(王朝复辟).
·Causes:
theconflictbetweenthemonarchandParliament;thepersecutionofthePuritans
2.ThebourgeoisDictatorshipandtheRestoration
·GloriousRevolution—abloodlessrevolution
·Theconstitutionalmonarchy.
★JohnMilton(1608—1674)
LiteraryPosition
·AmasteroftheBlankverse
·ThegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetofthe17thcentury
·OneofthegreatestpoetsoftheEnglishlanguage
LiteraryAchievements
Poems
·ParadiseLost《失乐园》(1667):
hismasterpiece——ThegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.
·ParadiseRegained(1671)《复乐园》
·SamsonAgonistes(1671)《力士参孙》
ParadiseLost《失乐园》
—JohnMilton
1.Introduction
·Longepicin12books
·Writteninblankverse
·BasedonGenesis《创世纪》intheOldTestament
·DramatizestheBiblicalaccountofhumanity’sbanishment.
2.Theme
—Milton’saimedpurpose:
“justifythewaysofGodtoman”(昭示天道对人的公正)
—Realpurpose:
Challengetherestoredmonarch
·God—tyrannical,representstheking
·Satan—rebellingagainstmonarch
·LovebetweenAdamandEve—humanpursuitforhappiness,thespiritofRenaissance
3.Writingfeatures
—Miltonstyle:
Sonority洪亮,Eloquence雄辩,Majesty尊严,Grandeur壮美
·Theblankverse
·Longandinvolvedsentences
★JohnDonne(1572-1631)
LiteraryPosition
—founderofMetaphysicalSchool(玄学派)
—thegreatestofthemetaphysicalpoets.
LiteraryAchievements
SongsandSonnets《歌与十四行诗》
TheFlea《跳蚤》
HolySonnets《圣十四行诗》:
HolySonnet10
Featuresofmetaphysicalpoetry:
—conceits(奇喻)
—strangeparadoxes(悖论)
—far-fetched(牵强的)imagery
JohnBunyan(1628-1688):
Masterpiece:
ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》
4.EnglishEnlightenmentandneo-Classicism(17thcentury-18thcentury)(英国启蒙运动和新古典主义文学)(1688-1798)
HistoricalBackground
1.parativelypeacefuldevelopmentundertheconstitutionalmonarchy
·ApromisebetweenToryandWhig
·TheleadingnavelpowerinEurope
2.TheIndustrialRevolution工业革命
·Unprecedentedtechnicalinnovations
·Rapidgrowthofindustryandmerce
TheEnlightenment
AnintellectualmovementinEuropebeganinthelate17thand18thcenturiesandendedwiththeFrenchrevolutionof1789
18thcentury:
AgeofReason/AgeofEnlightenment
1.Importance—alastingheritageforthe19thand20thcentury
—itmarkedakeystageinthedeclineofthechurchandthegrowthofmodernsecularism(世俗主义)
—itservedasthemodelforpoliticalandeconomicliberalism.
2.ThedevelopmentofPoetry:
neo-Classicism新古典主义
3.Characteristicofneo-Classicism
1).Emphasizingreasonratherthanemotion,formratherthancontent.
2).Didacticandsatirical
3).HeroicCouplet(英雄双韵体)
4).Townpoetrywritingfortherisingbourgeoisie
AlexanderPope(1688-1744)
LiteraryPosition
—anoutstandingenlightener
—ThegreatestandthemostimportantrepresentativeoftheEnglishclassicalpoetry.
★TheRiseofFiction
DanielDefoe
JonathanSwift
HenryFielding
※Fiction
Themainstreamof18thcenturyliterature,&Theriseandgrowthofrealisticnovel—themostprominentachievementof18thcenturyEnglishliterature
★DanielDefoe(1660-1731)
LiteraryPosition
—FatherofEnglishnovel
LiteraryAchievements:
——RobinsonCrusoe(1719)《鲁宾逊漂游记》
·Defoe’smasterpiece
·ThefirstEnglishnovelinarealsense
·ThefirstEnglishrealisticnovel
RobinsonCrusoe
—DanielDefoe
1.Theme:
—tosingthepraisesofhumanlabor
—tocelebratethestrengthofhumanrationalwilltoconquerthenaturalenvironment
—tobeautifycolonialism&Negroslavery
2.Plot:
runawayfromhome→beeasailor→aplanterinBrazil→toanuninhabitedislandbecauseofshipwreck→madealivingthereallbyhimself→saveanegronamedFridaywhobecamehisservant→backtoEngland→visittheremoteislandagainandFridaywaskilled
3.RobinsonCrusoe’scharacterization:
typicaloftherisingEnglishbourgeoisclass,practical,diligent,arestlesscuriositytoknowmoreabouttheworldandadesiretoproveindividualpowerinthefaceofsocialandnaturalchallenges;shrewd,careaboutmoneyandgoodatmanaging;courageousandintelligenttoovereallkindsofobstacles
★JonathanSwift(1667-1745)
LiteraryPosition
—oneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishProse
—amastersatirist(讽刺作家)
StyleofSwift’sprose:
simple,clearandvigorous.Hisfamoussaying
“Properwordsinproperplaces,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle”influencedalotlaterwriters.
LiteraryAchievements
Books
·TheBattleofBooks《书籍之战》
·ATaleofTub《一个桶子的故事》
·Guliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》
——hismasterpiece:
asatireonthewholeEnglishsocietyofthe18thcentury.
Pamphlets
·TheDraper’sLetters《一个布商的书信》
·AModestProposal《一个温和的建议》
——(AModestProposalforPreventingtheChildrenofPoorPeopleinIrelandfromBeingaBurdentoTheirParents)
Guliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》
—JonathanSwift
Plot:
PartI:
AVoyagetoLilliput
PartII:
AVoyagetoBrobdingnag
PartIII:
AVoyagetoLaputa,Balnibarbi,Glubbdubdrib,LuggnaggandJapan
PartIV:
AVoyagetotheCountryoftheHouyhnhnms
HenryFielding(1707-1754)
LiteraryAchievements
·TheHistoryofTomJones,AFounding《弃儿汤姆·琼斯》
LiteraryPosition
·—ThefounderofEnglishrealisticnovel-settingupthetheoryofrealisminliteraryposition.
5.RomanticisminEngland(1798-1832)(浪漫主义时期文学)
Pre-Romanticism:
Latterhalfofthe18thcentury
RobertBurns
WilliamBlake
1.Romanticrevival
·AstrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicism(=Formalism)
·Arecognitionoftheclaimsofpassionandemotion.
2.Representatives
·RobertBurns(1759-1796)罗伯特·彭斯
·WilliamBlake(1757-1827)威廉·布莱克
★RobertBurns(1759-1796)
Literaryposition
—thenationalpoetofScotland
—Apoetofthepeasants,apoetofthepeople
LiteraryAchievements
Poemschiefly
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