中考英语专题复习介词.docx
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中考英语专题复习介词.docx
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中考英语专题复习介词
专题:
介词
尹会敏
教学目标:
一.了解介词考察趋势。
二.了解介词的定义和分类。
三.学习并且掌握介词的用法和解题技巧。
四.掌握一些固定的介词短语搭配。
重点:
学习并且掌握介词的用法。
难点:
介词解题技巧。
教学过程
1.介词的功能
介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。
介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。
介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。
例如:
TheboyoverthereisJohn’sbrother.(定语)
Thegirlwillbebackintwohours. (状语)
OurEnglishteacherisfromAustralia.(表语)
Helpyourselftosomefish. (宾语补足语)
2.常用介词的用法辨析
(1)表时间的介词
1)at,inon
表示时间点用at。
例如:
atsixo’clock,atnoon,atmidnight。
表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。
例如:
inthenineteenthcentury,in2002,inMay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。
表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。
例如:
onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning,onacoldmorning等。
2) since,after
由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。
而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。
例如:
Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastsummer.
Afterfivedaystheboycame back.
3) in,after
in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。
After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。
After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。
例如:
Hewillbebackintwomonths.
Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.
Hereturnedafteramonth.
(2)表示地点的介词
1)at,in,on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。
例如:
HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.
Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.
Thereisabigholeinthewall.
Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.
2) over,above,on
over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。
Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。
above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。
On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。
例如:
Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
Weflewabovetheclouds.
Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.
3) across,through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。
Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。
Through的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。
例如:
Thedogranacrossthegrass.
Theboyswamacrosstheriver.
Theywalkedthroughtheforest.
Ipushedthroughthecrowds.
4)infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。
例如:
Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.
Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.
3.介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。
记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
(1)介词与动词的搭配
listento,laughat,getto,lookfor,waitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。
(2)介词与名词的搭配
ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。
(3)介词与形容词的搭配
belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。
基础训练
1.You’dbetternotgo_______theforest.It’sdangerous.
2.Whichroomareyougoingtolive______?
3.Thebuildingis______fire.Therearesomepeople______the topfloor.
4.Before1990therewasnoairline_______thetwocities.
5.It’snotgoodtocomelate_______school.
6.What’swrong_______yourbike?
7.Thankyouverymuch_______comingtoseeme.
8.Icouldn’tfinishit_______yourhelp.
9.Don’tlaugh_______others’mistakes.
10.Dothetwinslook_______theirfather?
11.–Howdoyouusuallycometoschooleveryday?
-Sometimes_______bike,sometimes_______foot.
12.It’sverykind_______youtohelpme_______mymaths.
13.Don’tread_______thesun.It’sbad________youreyes.
14.Theteachertoldusthemoontravels________theearth.
15.Youmustlearnthesewords_______heart,andanswermyquestions____English.
16.Pleasemeetyouruncle______noon______Saturday.
17.Thanks______yourhelp.Ifinishedtheworkbeforedark.
18.It’scoldandthetemperatureis________zeroduringthenight.
19.Theteacheriswriting______redink_______apieceofpaper.
20.Thechildrenarewaiting_______thegate_______theirmother.
中考链接
1.Therearetwoclasses_____Wednesdayafternoon.(99南京) A.at B.in C.on D.to
2.ThisprogrammewassenttotheUSA_____China______satellite.(99辽宁)
A.in;ofB.of;inC.from;byD.by;from
3.Thevisitors_____Japanarrived______BeijingStationlastTuesdaymorning.
A.from;atB.of;toC.from;toD.of;on(99江西)
4.Herearesomepresents______you______ourbestwishes.(99安徽)
A.to;withB.for;withC.of;aboutD.for;for
5.Lilyaskedherbrother,Mike,nottobeangry___her. (99兰州)A.inB.toC.withD.for
6.Iseveryoneheregood_____dancing?
(99昆明)
A.atB.onC.toD.for
7.Theyarrived_____Guangzhou______themorningofMay25.(98广州)
A.at;inB.in;inC.in;onD.at;during
8.Childrenareoftentoldnottoplay______fire.(98上海)
A.onB.forC.withD.under
9.Noonecanstopher_____goingaway.(98河北)
A.ofB.fromC.toD.outof
10.Theerasergoes______onestudent______another.(98福州)
A.from;forB.from;tillC.from;afterD.from;to
11.You’llgetanicepresent_____yourparents_____yourbirthday.
A.from;onB.for;atC.from;inD.of;during
12.Let’swait____her_____thecornerofthestreet.
A.on;onB.for;inC.at;atD.for;at
13.Look!
Thetwomenare______trouble.Theyarecalling______help.
A.with;forB.in;forC.under;atD.into;out
14.Theboyfilledthebottle______somemilk.Nowit’sfull______milk.
A.with;withB.of;withC.with;ofD.off;without
15.Motheralwaystalks_____herfriends_____thephone______weekend.
A.with;on;atB.to;with;onC.about;on;throughD.of;by;at
16.–Whendidhelendthedictionary_____you?
-Iborrowedit_____himthedaybeforeyesterday.
A.from;toB.to;byC.to;fromD.on;outof
17.UncleWanglives_____afarm,butheworks______afactory.
A.in;inB.to;inC.in;atD.on;in
18.Shecameuptome,_____asmile_____herface.
A.with;inB.like;onC.with;onD.without;at
19.Hewantedtoask_____somebooks______music.
A.for;inB.about;ofC.for;onD.about;about
20.Hisschoolisfar_____hishome,butnear______mine.
A.from;toB.from;fromC.to;toD.to;from
△综合型
1.Thebridge_____theriverismade______bigstone.
A.on;fromB.over;ofC.above;inD.of;into
2.Hestayed_____hisuncle’s_____aweek.
A.in;forB.with;tillC.at;forD.for;about
3.Ican’tswim_____theriver_____apieceofwood.
A.across;withoutB.through;withC.over;onD.in;by
4.Thedesk_____theteacheris______theclassroom.
A.of;infrontB.to;infrontofC.at;beforeD.for;inthefrontof
5.Johncutthepear_____fourpieces______aknife.
A.in;byB.into;withC.with;byD.to;in
6.TheotherdayImetafriend_____mywaytoschool.
A.ofmeonB.ofmyonC.inD.ofmineon
7.It’seasy_____ustofinishthework_____time.
A.for;onB.of;inC.for;beforeD.of;at
8.We,Leaguemembers,shouldbestrict_____ourselves_____ourwork.
A.in;inB.with;withC.with;inD.in;with
9.Sheaskedmetosit_____herandhelpher_____Chinese.
A.between;atB.beside;withC.before;inD.on;of
10.LinTaoansweredallthequestions_____thelastone_____usual.
A.except;asB.beside;asC.except;onD.but;in
11.Jim’sgone______Englandwithhisfamilyandhewon’tbeback_____Monday.
A.for;onB.to;atC.for;tillD.to;until
12.____ChristmasEve,childrenalloverBritainputastocking____theendoftheirbedsbeforetheygotosleep.
A.At;byB.During;inC.On;atD.In;before
13.Isthegirl_____red_____dutytoday?
A.with;onB.on;forC.of;atD.in;on
14._____afewyears’time,itwillbecovered_____manythousandsoftrees.
A.In;withB.After;byC.In;onD.After;over
15.Manyoldthings_____showwereused_____keepingteahot.
A.at;toB.on;forC.for;onD.in;as
16.Englishisspoken____afirstlanguage_____mostpeopleintheUSA.
A.by;asB.as;byC.for;ofD.like;in
17.Wevisitedhim_____hisworkplace_____theyoungtrees.
A.in;besideB.at;alongC.at;amongD.to;between
18.Itwillstopthesand_____moving_____therichfarmlandinthesouth.
A.from;towardsB.from;toC.into;towardsD.at;down
19.What’sthedifference_____asheepandagoat?
A.fromB.toC.betweenD.among
20.Theygot_____thefootofthemountainjustnow.
A.atB.inC.toD.off
21.Myfatherreturnedat10o’clock_____ofJune15.(2000重庆)
A.inthenightB.bythenightC.onthenightD.atnight
22.Heoftenmistakesme_____mybrother.(2000黑龙江)
A.toB.asC.forD.with
23.ChinahasbuiltaGreatGreenWall_____thenorthernpart_____thecountry.
A.to;inB.across;ofC.across;onD.at;of(2000辽宁)
24.Thankyouverymuch_____lendingtheeraser______me.(2000河南)
A.for;atB.to;toC.for;toD.to;for
25.Sinceyouare______trouble,whynotask______help?
(2000安徽)
A.in;forB.in;toC.with;forD.with;to
26.Myauntarrivedhere_______awarmspringmorning.(2001哈尔滨)A.inB.atC.onD.by
27.Hisfatherhasbeen______Australia______1998.(2001汕头)
A.to;inB.in;sinceC.to;fromD.in;from
28.Mr.Blackwasangry______Jim_____laughing_______him.(2002汕头)
A. at;for;toB.for;with;onC.with;for;withD.with;for;at
( )29.Whywereyourparentsangry_____youyesterdayevening?
A.to B.on C.for D.with
( )30.InEngland,peopleusuallycallmeTom_____short.
A.for B.to C.on D.at
( )31.-Whereareyoufrom?
-I’mfromtheUSA,what_____you?
A.for B.about C.in D.on
( )32.Whosits_____themiddle_____theclassroom?
A.at,of B.in,of C.on,in D.at,for
( )5.Weusuallygotoschool_____Monday_____Friday.
A.to,from B.from,on C.from,to D.on,to
( )6.Heusuallyhasaneggandabottleofmilk_____breakfast.
A.to B.on C.for D.of
( )7.Pleaseturn_____allthelightsintheroom,orI’mafraid.
A.down B.on C.for D.at
( )8.
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