Tort Law侵权法英文版.docx

Tort Law侵权法英文版.docx

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TortLaw侵权法英文版

侵权责任法

TortLiabilityLaw

第一章一般规定

GeneralProvisions

第一条为保护民事主体的合法权益，明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进社会和谐稳定，制定本法。

Inordertoprotectthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofcivilsubjects,clarifythetortlability,preventandpunishtortiousconduct,andpromotethesocialharmonyandstability,thisLawisformulated.

    第二条 侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。

本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、荣誉权、肖像权、隐私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。

ThosewhoinfringeuponcivilrightsandinterestsshallbesubjecttothetortliabilityaccordingtothisLaw.

“Civilrightsandinterests”inthisLawincludetherighttolife,righttohealth,righttoname,righttoreputation,righttohonor,righttoportrait,rightofprivacy,maritalautonomy,guardianship,ownership,usufruct,securityinterest,copyright,patentright,exclusiverighttouseatrademark,righttodiscover,equities,rightofsuccession,andotherpersonalandpropertyrightsandinterests.

第三条 被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。

Thevictimofatort（infringed）shallbeentitledtorequirethetortfeasortoassumethetortliability.

第四条 侵权人因同一行为应当承担行政责任或者刑事责任的，不影响依法承担侵权责任。

Whereatortfeasorshallassumetheadministrativeliabilityorcriminalliabilityduetothesameconduct,itshallneverthelessbearthetortliabilityaccordingtolaw.

Itshallnotprejudicethetortliabilitythetortfeasorshallassume.

因同一行为应当承担侵权责任和行政责任、刑事责任，侵权人的财产不足以支付的，先承担侵权责任。

Wherethetortfeasorshallbearthetortliabilityandadministrativeliabilityor/andcriminalliabilityanditspropertyisnotenoughforpayment,thetortliabilityshallprevail.

Wheretheassetsofatortfeasorarenoradequateforpaymentforthetortliabilityandadministrativeliabilityorcriminalliabilityforthesameconduct,thetortfeasorshallfirstassumethetortliability.

第五条 其他法律对侵权责任另有特别规定的，依照其规定。

Ifotherlawshaveotherspecificprovisionstowardtortliability,suchprovisionsshallgovern.

Whereanyotherlawprovidesotherwiseforanytortliabilityinparticular,suchspecialprovisionsshallprevail.

第二章责任构成和责任方式

Chapter2constitutionandmodeofliability

第六条 行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益，应当承担侵权责任。

Theactorinfringingotherperson’srightsandinterestswithliberationshallbearthetortliability.

Onewhoisatfaultforinfringementoncivilrightsandinterestsofanotherpersonshallbesubjecttothetortliability.

根据法律规定推定行为人有过错，行为人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。

Whereanactorispresumedtohavefaultaccordingtolaw,andcannotproveitsowninnocence,itshallbearthetortliability.

Onewhoisatfaultasconstruedaccordingtolawandcannotproveotherwiseshallbesubjectthetortliability.

第七条 行为人损害他人民事权益，不论行为人有无过错，法律规定应当承担侵权责任的，依照其规定。

Whereanactorharmtherightsandinterestsofothers,nomatterwhereithasfault,ifthelawsstipulatethatsuchactorshallbearthetortliability,suchprovisionsshallbeapplied.

Onewhoshallassumethetortliabilityforinfringementuponcivilrightsandinterestsofanotherperson,whetheratfaultornot,asprovidedbylaw,shallbesubjecttosuchlegalprovisions.

第八条 二人以上共同实施侵权行为，造成他人损害的，应当承担连带责任。

Wheremorethantwopersonsconducttortacttogetherandcausedamagetoothers,theyshallbearthetortliabilitytogether.

Wheretwoormorepersonsjointlycommitatort,causingharmtoanotherperson,theyshallbeliablejointlyandseverally.

第九条 教唆、帮助他人实施侵权行为的，应当与行为人承担连带责任。

Whereapartytellorhelpotherstoconducttortacts,itshallbearthetortliabilitytogetherwiththeactor.

Onewhoabetsorassistsanotherpersonincommittingatortshallbeliablejointlyandseverallywiththetortfeasor.

教唆、帮助无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人实施侵权行为的，应当承担侵权责任；该无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人未尽到监护责任的，应当承担相应的责任。

Whereapartytellorhelpapartywithnocapacityforcivilactsorrestrictedcapacityforcivilactstoconducttortacts,itshallbearthetortliability;iftheguardianofthepartywithnocapacityorrestrictedcapacityforcivilactsfailstofulfillitsguardianduties,itshallbearcorrespondingliability.

第十条 二人以上实施危及他人人身、财产安全的行为，其中一人或者数人的行为造成他人损害，能够确定具体侵权人的，由侵权人承担责任；不能确定具体侵权人的，行为人承担连带责任。

Wheremorethantwopartiesconductactsthatisprobabletoharmthepersonalorpropertysecurityofothers,andtheactsofonepartyorcertainpartiescausedamagetoothers,iftheverytortfeasorcanbedetermined,thetortfeasorshallbearthetortliability;iftheverytortfeasorcannotbedetermined,theactororactorsshallthetortliability.

Wheretwoormorepersonsengageinaconductthatendangersthepersonalorpropertysafetyofanotherperson,ifonlytheconductofoneorseveralofthemcausesharmtoanotherpersonandthespecifictortfeasorcanbedetermined,thetortfeasorshallbeliable;ifthespecificcannotbedetermined,allofthemshallbeliablejointlyandseverally.

第十一条 二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，每个人的侵权行为都足以造成全部损害的，行为人承担连带责任。

Wheremorethantwopartiesconducttortactsrespectivelyandcausethesamedamage,andthetortactofeachpartyisabletoresultinthewholedamage,theactorsshallbearthetortliabilitytogether.

Wheretwoormorepersonscommittortsrespectively,causingthesamedamage,andeachtortissufficienttocausetheentireharm,thetortfeasorshallbeliablejointlyandseverally.

第十二条 二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，能够确定责任大小的，各自承担相应的责任；难以确定责任大小的，平均承担赔偿责任。

Wheremorethantwopartiesconducttortactsrespectivelyandcausethesamedamage,ifthedegree（seriousness）ofliabilityofeachpartycanbedetermined,theyshallbeartheircorrespondingliabilityrespectively;ifthedegreeishardtobedetermined,theyshallevenlyassumethecompensatoryliability.

第十三条 法律规定承担连带责任的，被侵权人有权请求部分或者全部连带责任人承担责任。

Wherethelawstipulatesthattheliabilityshallbebornejointlyandseverally,theinfringedisentitledtodemandthepartialorwholeofthetortfeasorstobearthetortliability.

第十四条 连带责任人根据各自责任大小确定相应的赔偿数额；难以确定责任大小的，平均承担赔偿责任。

Thepartieswhoshallbearliabilitytogethershallspecifytheamountofdamagesaccordingtotheirowndegreesofliabilities;ifthedegreesofliabilitiescannotbedetermined,

Thedamagesamountscorrespondingtothetortfeasorswhoarejointlyandseverallyliableshallbedeterminedaccordingtotheseriousnessofeachtortfeasor;iftheseriousnessofeachtortfeasorcannotbedetermined,thetortfeasorshallevenlyassumethecompensatoryliability.

支付超出自己赔偿数额的连带责任人，有权向其他连带责任人追偿。

Thepartywhopaysovertheamountofitsdamageshastherighttorequesttheothersforcompensation.

Atortfeasorwhohaspaidanamountofdamagesexceedingitscontributionshallbeentitledtobereimbursedbytheothertortfeasorswhoarejointlyandseverallyliable.

第十五条 承担侵权责任的方式主要有：

Themodesoftortliabilityshallinclude:

（一）停止侵害；cessionofinfringement

（二）排除妨碍；removalofobstruction;

    （三）消除危险；eliminationofdanger

    （四）返还财产；returnofproperty

    （五）恢复原状；restorationtotheoriginalstatus

    （六）赔偿损失；compensationforlosses

    （七）赔礼道歉；apology

    （八）消除影响、恢复名誉。

Resumingreputationeliminationofconsequencesandrestorationofreputation

以上承担侵权责任的方式，可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。

Themodesoftortliabilityabovemaybeadoptedindividuallyorcollectively（jointly）.

第十六条 侵害他人造成人身损害的，应当赔偿医疗费、护理费、交通费等为治疗和康复支出的合理费用，以及因误工减少的收入。

造成残疾的，还应当赔偿残疾生活辅助具费和残疾赔偿金。

造成死亡的，还应当赔偿丧葬费和死亡赔偿金。

Onewhoinfringesonanotherperson,causingpersonaldamage,shallcompensatemedicalfee,healthcarefee,trafficfeeandotherreasonableexpensespaidforcurationandhealthresumationandthereducedincomeduetounabletowork.Ifthevictimisrendereddisabled,theactorshallcompensatethedisabilitylifeassistancefeeanddisabilitydamages.Ifthevictimisrendereddead,

Whereatortcausesanypersonalinjurytoanotherperson,thetortfeasorshallcompensatethevictimforthereasonablecostsfortreatmentandrehabilitation,suchasmedicaltreatmentexpenses,nursingfeesandtravelfees,aswellasthelostwages.Ifthevictimsuffersanydisability,thetortfeasorshallalsopaythecostsofdisabilityassistanceequipmentforthelivingofthevictimandthedisabilityindemnity.Ifitcausesthedeathofthevictim,thetortfeasorshallalsopaythefuneralservicefeesandthedeathcompensation.

第十七条 因同一侵权行为造成多人死亡的，可以以相同数额确定死亡赔偿金。

Wheremorethanonepersonarerendereddeadduetothesametort,thedeathdamagesmaybedeterminedatthesameamount.

Wherethesametortcausesthedeathsofseveralpersons,auniformamountofdeathcompensationmaybedetermined.

第十八条 被侵权人死亡的，其近亲属有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。

被侵权人为单位，该单位分立、合并的，承继权利的单位有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。

Wheretheinfringedisrendereddead,itscloserelativeisentitledtodemandthetortfeasortobeartortliability.Iftheinfringedisaunitandtheunitisseparatedormerged,thesuccessorunit（theunitsucceedingtotherightsofthevictim）hastherighttodemandthetortfeasortobearthetortliability.

被侵权人死亡的，支付被侵权人医疗费、丧葬费等合理费用的人有权请求侵权人赔偿费用，但侵权人已支付该费用的除外。

Wherethevictimisrendereddead,theonewhopaidthemedicaltreatmentfeesandfuneralservicesfeesforthevictimisentitledtodemandthetortfeasortobearthetortliability,unlessthetortfeasorhasalreadypaidthefees.

Whereatortcausesdeathtothevictim,thosewhohavepaidthemedicaltreatmentexpenses,funeralservicefeesandotherreasonableexpensesforthevictimshallbeentitledtorequirethetortfeasortocompensatethemforsuchexpenses,unless.

第十九条 侵害他人财产的，财产损失按照损失发生时的市场价格或者其他方式计算。

Wherethepropertyofanotherpersonisinfringed,thelossforpropertyshallbecalculatedatthemarketpriceatthetimethelossoccursorinothermanners.

Whereatortcausesanyharmtothepropertyofanotherperson,theamountoflosstothepropertyshallbecalculatedasperthemarketpriceatthetimeofoccurrenceofthelossorcalculatedotherwise.

第二十条 侵害他人