初中英语名词复习讲义docx.docx
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初中英语名词复习讲义docx.docx
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初中英语名词复习讲义docx
♦名词复习♦巩固训练♦阅读指导
名词的分类
名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。
1.普通名词乂可分为:
⑴个体名词。
如:
cup,desk,student等。
一般可数,有单复数形式。
(2)集体名词。
如:
class,team,family等。
—般可数,有单复数形式。
⑶物质名词。
女U:
rice,water,cotton等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
(4)抽象名词。
如:
love,work,life等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
2•专有名词:
如:
China,Newton,London,Luxun等。
对名词部分的复习应注意:
名词可分为专冇名词和普通名词两人类。
I•专有幺词:
表示人,地点,国家,城市,机构等的幺词。
任何时候都需要大写首字母。
e.g.KarlMarx,LuXun,ThomasEdison,England,China,theGreatWall,Asia,theYellow
River,Monday,January,Shanghai,theSummerPalace,ClassSeven,GradeNine,ZhuyuanMiddleSchool,ShanghaiGrandTheatre,thePeople'sPark,YuGarden,etc.
II.普通名词:
表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词:
它又可分为:
1.个体名词:
(可数)表示个体的人或一些事物的总称。
e.g.
pilot,student,engineer,inventor,pen,photo,computer,etc.
2.集体名词(可数)表示一群人或一些事物的总称。
e.g.class,family,group,army,team,police,cattle,crew,grade,people,crowd,etc.
3.物质名词:
(不可数)表示无法分为个体的事物的名称。
e.g.
wood,milk,butter,bread,tea,cotton,silk,coal,rice,oikfire,air,paper,ink,chalk,meat,gold,dust,pollution,etc.
4.抽象名词(不可数):
表示动作,状态,品质,感悄等的抽象概念。
e.g.health,love,progress,pleasure,courage,friendship,information,energy,strength,beauty,wealth,spirit,carelessness,illness,etc.
个体名词和集体名词可用数冃来计算.属丁•可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数冃來计算,属于不可数名词。
注意:
名词的分类并不是一成不变的。
有些名词在-种场合下属于这-类,在另-•种场合下乂属于那一类,但意义又有所不同。
e.g.
个体名词
papers报纸,试卷,论文
aglass/glasses玻璃杯/眼镜
amatter一件事
woods小树林
afire一堆火,火灾
acloth桌布,麻布
achicken一只鸡
个体名词
abeauty美人
theyouth青年人
apower大国
aspirit精灵妖精
afamoustea一种名茶lives生命,生活方式adifficulty一件难事
youth青春powerth电力spirit精神tea茶,茶叶life生活difficulty困难可数名词的特点:
a.冇单复数Z分b・能用a,an,c.数词来修饰
c・可用few,afew,many,agreatnumberof,both,neither,these,those,each,every,another,other,hundredsof,agreatmany,agroupof等词语修饰
III.可数名词由单数变复数的基本构成规则:
1.
大多数名词是在词尾加・sboys,toys,pens,books,mouths,months
2.以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在词尾加・es构成复数。
matches,churches,boxes,classes,brushesmatcheswatches>etc.
3.以“(T结尾,冇点加-es,冇的加-s
potatoes,tomatoes,heroes,negroes,mangos,photos,zoos,pianos,radios,kilos,studios,kangaroos,UFOs,videos
4.辅音字母+y结尾,去y,+iesfactories,countries,ladies,cities,batteries
元音字母+y结尾的,S[接加・s:
boys,toys,daysplays,holidays,monkeys,keys
5.以f,fe结尾,去f,fe,+vesshelves,knives,scarves/scarfs,leaf->leaves,lifeTlives,wolfTwolveswifeTwiveshalf9halves,thiefTthievesloafTloaves
handkerchief->handkerchiefs,handkerchieves
注意:
roofs(屋顶),chiefs(首领),chefs(厨师长),cliffs(悬崖),proofs(证据),gulfs(海湾),serfs(农奴),beliefs(信念)safes(保险箱)handcuffs,etc.
6.复合名词变复数时,有以下几种情况:
(1)如有主体名词则将主体名词变为复数:
e.g.
twogirlstudents,fellowworkers,twosons-in-law女婿threesisters・inJaw嫂子lookers-on旁观者passers-by过路人
(2)如找不到主体名词则在该词后加-s.如:
grown-ups成年人go-betweens中间人
(3)man或woman构成的复合名词,两部分都变为复数。
e.g.womendoctors,menteachers
7.不规则变化
man9men,womanwomen,policeman-^policemen,foot-^feet,tooth9teeth,child->childrcn.mousc->mice,gooseTgeese鹅shccpTshccp,dccr^dccr,Chinesc9Chinese,JapaneseTJapanese,Swiss—SwissoxToxen公牛,fish,Germans,humans,walkmans,meansTmeans
&双复数规贝〔I:
(apairof)trousers,glasses,scissors,jeans,pants,shoes,gloves,socks,etc.
9.形似单数,实为复数:
people,police,cattle,crew
10.以s结尾,但仍然是单数:
maths,politics,physics,news,theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations(联合国),thePhilippines,4fcThcArabianNights”《天方夜谭》,‘"TalesoftheTwoCities”《双城记》isagoodnovel.
11.以s结尾,单、复数同形:
means方法works工厂
IV.可与a,an连用的不可数名词:
当抽象名词演化成抽象概念,转化为某种似乎可以体念得到的行为、动作或类别时,可和a,an连用。
e.g.
haveagoodtime,makeanapology,haveatalk(walk,swim,bath),inahurry,makeanoise,makealiving,cometoastop,takealook,getarise,askafavourofsb.haveafever,haveagoodlaughover,takeonanewlook,liveahappylife,catch(a)cold,havearest,haveabreak
V.名词的数量表达:
1.可数名词的数量表达:
many,few,afew,agreatnumberof,alotof,some,enough,plentyof,oneof,quiteafew,several,toomany,both,neither,all,数词,hundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof..•dozensofscoresof・・・
2.不可数名词的数量表达:
much,little,alittle,some,ahugeamountof.agreatdealof,plentyof,alotof,hugeamountsof...
VI.关于名词数的注意点:
1•名词作定语通常用单数形式:
acarfactory,twocolorfilms,wordorder,apaperbag
但也有用复数的:
sportsnews,sportsshoes,sportsprogrammes,sportsmeeting,studentsreading-room,talkstable,theforeignlanguagesdepartment
2.复数名词前有一具体数词,一般被视为一个幣体,作主语时,谓语用单数:
e.g.
Thesefouryearsisveryimportantforus.
Iwanttostayhereforanotherthreedays・Igotoseemygrannyeverythreeweeks.
3.冇些名词在某些习惯性用法中,要用复数形式:
shakehandswithsb.makefriendswithsb.changetrainschangeseats
VII.名词的性:
英语中的名词,多数是没有“性''区别的,但少数名词有阳性和阴性之分。
man一-woman,girl一boy,king-一queenemperor(皇;帝)一-empress(皇后)
hero(男英雄)heroine(女英雄)cock—hengod(神)-goddess(女神)
bull(公牛)・・cow(母牛)actor---actress(女演员)he-wolf公狼,she-wolf母狼tiger,tigress母老虎lad少年lass少女manteacher,boyfriendsFrenchman,Frenchwoman
VIII.名词所有格
1.有生命的+'s
Mary's,father's、theboy'sbooks,anybodyclsc'sadvice,eachother'smistakes,
2.词尾是-s或-es的复数名词,只加
theteachers?
office,theworkers?
toolsttwentyminutes'walk
3.词尾没有-s的复数名词则加"W来表示。
Children'sDay,Women'sDay,thepeople'sneeds
4「s也可用于时间,距离,天体,国名,地名
atwo-hourride,intwoweeks'time,today'snewspaper,twohours'ride,twentyminutes'walk
5.如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在最后一个名词的词尾加®s”.
ThisisLucyandLily'sbedroom.
如果不共有,则两个名词后而都加"'s".TheseareBill'sandTom'sbikes.
6•名词所有格后面指地点(如表示店铺、人家时)的名词常常可以省略。
atthetailor\(shop),atMrGreen's(home)gotothedoctor\(clinic),tomyuncle's(house)
7.非生命体的用of短语表示所属关系:
alegofthetable,thedooroftheclassroom
thewindowsofthehousethebiggestfootballgameoftheyear
&名词双重所有格:
0f+・,Si起修饰前面的名词,称为双重所有格。
afriendofmine=oneofmyfriends
afriendofmyfather's=oneofmyfather'sfriends
aphotoofMrCrisp一张MrCrisp的照片
aphotoofMrCrisp's一张MrCrisp所有照片中的一张照片
【中考真题】
1・MrChenwassurprisedtoseethefastinShanghaiafterhislongabsencefrom
thecity,(develop)
2.TheNewYeararcsobeautifulthateveryoneislookingforwardtothepartyinthe
hallthisafternoon.(decorate)
3.FengAi’sloveandwillalwaysberememberedbyherstudentsandtheirparentsin
Yunnan.(kind)
4.ThemostfamousparkintheworldisDisneyland・(amusing)
5.Thebusisresponsibleforthesafetyofhispassengers.(drive)
6.Morepeoplearegettingtoknowtheofenvironmentalprotection.(important)
7.1receivedsomeChristmasfrommypenpals,(card)
8.Theyoungmanworksasainafive-starhotel,(wait)
9.Thethreeyounggirlsworkasinarestaurant,(wait)
【巩固训练】英语语法名词专项习题
【友情提醒】请同学们做题目时注意并划出句子中的“提示词语、提示句”
()1・Shewasveryhappy.Sheinthetest.
A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakes
C・madefewmistakesD・makesfewmistake
()2.Wcneedsomemore・Canyougoandgetsome,please?
()9.Hegaveusonhowtokeepfit.
tea?
()10.…Wouldyoulike
——No,thanks・Ihavedrunktwo.
A.any,bottlesoforange
C・many,bottlesoforanges
()11.Heishungry.Givehim_
A.twobreads
B.some,bottlesoforange
D.few,bottleoforanges
toeat.
B.twopieceofbread
C・twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
()12.1wouldliketohave
A.twoglassesofmilk
C.twoglassesofmilks
()13・Canyougiveme
B.twoglassofmilk
D.twoglassofmilks
A.ateaB・somecupoftea
()14.Pleasegivemepape匚
A.oneB.apiece
()15・Johnboughtforhimselfyesterday.
A.twopairsofshoesB・twopairofshoe
C・acuptea
D.acupoftea
C.a
D・apieceof
C・twopairofshoes
D.twopairsshoes
()16.——Howmanyhaveyougotonyourfarm?
-…I'vegotfive.
A.sheeps
()17.Some
A.Germans
B・sheepC・pig
cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.
C・Germany
B.Gcrmcn
()18・In(hepicturetherearemany
A.sheep;foxes
()19・Agroupof
A.Englishman
()20.Thistableismadeof
A.manyglassB・glasses
()21.Howmany
andtwo
B.sheeps;foxesC・sheeps;fox
willvisitourschooltomorrow・
B.Australian
C・Japanese
C・sonicglasses
D.chicken
D.Germanics
D・sheep;foxs
D.American
D.glass
werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?
C.police
A.policemanB・polices
()22.Therearesixty-seveninourschool.
A.women'steacherB・womenteachersC・womanteachers
D.peoples
D.
womenteacher
()23.Therearcfiveinourfactory.
A.womandriverB・womendriverC・womandrivers
D.
womendrivers
()24.These
weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.
A.womendoctorB.womendoctorsC・womandoctors
D.
womandoctor
()25.Thefootballunderthebedis.
A.LilyandLucy
C・Lily'sandLucy
()26.Joanis
A.Mary'sandJacksister
C・MaryandJacksister
B.Lily'sandLucy*
D.LilyandLucy's
B.MaryandJack'ssister
D.Mary'sandJackfssister
()27.Inafewtime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.
A.yearB・years'C・year'sD.years
()28.IFsaboutwalkfrommyhouse・
A.tenminuteB.tenminutes1C.tenminutefsD.tenminutes
()29.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere・It'sabout
()30.
facetothesouth.
()31.Pleasetaketwo
)34.TheylikeChinese
)3&Whenautumncomes,ofmosttreesturnyellowandthenfalldown.
AleafBleafsCleaveDleaves
【提高题】
)39.MrsJennygaveusonhowtolearnEnglishwell.
A.someadvicesB.manyadvicesC・someadvice
)40.Therearcabouttwentyintheroom.Theyarchavingapartythere・
A.peopleB.sheepC・worker
)41.Look!
Thereplayingwiththetouristsonthegrassland・
A.areanumberofdeerB.areanumberofdeersC・isanumberofdeerD.isanumberofdeers
()42.Howmanydoyouwant?
Akilo,please・
A.potatoB・bananasC・breadD.milk
()43.Howmanyarethereintheinternationalvillage?
A.ChineseB・RussianC・American
()44.Sheepwhiteandmilkwhite,too.
A.is,isB・are,areC・is,areD・are,is
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