正文.docx

正文.docx

《正文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《正文.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

正文

1.Introduction

Humorplaysasignificantroleinourlife.Lifewouldbelikeadarkholewithoutsunshine.Wecanfindhumoronthestreet,ontheradio,ontheTVandsoforth.Inotherwords,humorcanbefoundineverycorneroftheworldwherehuman-beingsexist.Humorisnotonlyawaytorelaxbutalsoalifeartwhichshouldbeacquiredbyeveryoneforitsgreatpower,itcanbedisplayedinvariouskindsofverbalartssuchastalkshow,sketches,sitcomwhichareallverypopularnowadays.Researchersinmanydifferentfieldsattachgreatimportancetohumorstudy,includingphilosophy,aesthetics,psychology,rhetoric,linguisticsandsoon.

Cooperativeprincipleisanimportanttheoryinpragmatics,withthestrongexplanatorypowerincomprehensionofutterance,accordingtoGrice,theviolationofcooperativeprincipleisthesourceofhumor.Inthepresentstudy,theauthortakeconversationalhumorintheshortsketchesof2013SpringFestiveGalaforexample.Thekeypointofthethesisistofindhowthehumoreffectcanbeachievedsmoothlyandsuccessfullythroughviolatingthefourmaximsofthecooperativeprinciple.Someexamplesofviolatingmaximwouldbeanalyzed,intheendofthepaper,somesuggestionsandmethodswillbepresentedforreaderswiththepurposeofmakingourlifemorecolorfulbycreatinghumor.

ChineseshortsketcheshasbecameanessentialpartofSpringFestiveGala,however,littleattentionispaidtothegreatculturalsymbol.Chineseshortsketchpossessespowerfulattraction,iswelcomedandenjoyedbyallwalksoflife.Anotherpurposeofthethesisisthatthroughthisstudy,someinspirationandregularpatternsofhumorcreationcanbeputforwardforthewritingandunderstandingofChineseshortsketch.

Inconclusion,thestudyofshortsketchhasn’tbeenprobeddeeplyenough,theresearcherofthethesiswantstodeepenresearchontheChineseshortsketchunderthecooperativeprinciple.

2.TheoreticalFramework

ThecooperativeprinciplewasfirstraisedbyAmericanphilosopherGricein1967whenhemadeaspeechinHarvardUniversity,sotheprinciplewasfirstknownandlearnedbythestudentsandteachersintheHarvardUniversity,Gricethoughtthatduringtheprocessofcommunication,theremustexistmutualunderstandingbetweenthehearerandspeaker,andsomerulesshouldbecomplywithbylistenerandspeaker,whichiscalledcooperativeprinciple.Thecooperativeprinciplemeansthelistenerandspeakershouldcomplywithsomemaximsinordertomaketheconversationcarriedoutsmoothly.Forthesakeofmakingitunderstoodeasilybylargenumberofcommonpeople,heproposedfourmaximsofcooperativeprinciple,includingthemaximofquantity,themaximofrelevance,themaximofmannerandthemaximofquality.

1.Themaximofquantity

AMakeeveryefforttoprovidetheinformationthatthelistenerrequired.

BDon’tprovidemoreinformationthanthelistenerrequired.

2.Themaximofquality

ADonotsaythewordsthatyoubelivetobefalse

BDonotsaythewordswhichyoulackofevidence

3.Themaximofrelevance

AKeepwhatyousayisrelevanttothetopicoftheconversation

4.Themaximofmanner

Bespecificallyandperspicuous

AAvoidobscurity

BAvoidambiguity

CBebrief

DBeorderly

AlthoughGriceputforwardCooperativePrinciples,healsopointedoutthatpeopleusuallynotcomplywiththosemaximsstrictlyintheirdailycommunication.Gricealsoputforwardfourpatternsonviolatingthemaxims,including:

AThespeakerwouldnotliketocontinuetheconversationatallandunwillingtocomplywiththecooperativeprinciple.

BPeoplemaytellliesbecausetheysaysomethingnottrue.

CThespeakerhastoviolatingthemaximforsomespecialpurposes

DThespeakerdisobeysaprincipledeliberatelywiththehopethatthelistenercanunderstandhebreaktheprinciple

TherewillbelessbarriersincommunicationifpeopleobeythemaximsofCooperativeprincipleandwewillbebetterunderstandothers,inaddition,whenwepayattentiontothefilms,TVplayshumorstoriesandcomicsketches,wewillfindthecommunicationproduceshumoreffect.

3.LiteratureReview

ThispartincludesintroductionofChineseshortsketchandpreviousstudiesonit.ThepreviousstudiesonChineseshortsketcharemainlypresentedfromcooperativeprincipleandrelevancetheory.

3.1AnIntroductiontoChineseShortSketch

TheChinesecharacter“xiaopin”referstosketch,itisthecultureheritageofChinawhichisfavoredbyalltheChinese.Themeaningof“xiaopin”canbeseenclearlyfromthedenotationwhichmeanssmallworksofart.Thesketchwementionedhereistheartdisplayonthestagebytheactors,beforethesketchwasfinallyformed,itwasnotbepayedattentionbecauseit’sjustakindofwayappliedbyactorstotrainingandrelaxingthemselvesbeforegivingaperformance.Somestudentsinartschoolsshoulddosomeexerciseandtraininginclasswhensomedirectorsinterviewactors,theyusuallyasktheactortogiveashorttimeperformance.Alltheaboveactionsisrelevanttotheformofsketchfortheygeneratedsomehumoreffectduringtheprocess.

Sketchinheritsanddevelopsthedrama,stageplay,andoperaandwasoriginatedfrom1983,somestudentsfromCentralAcademyofDramaperformed“TheGirlWhoSellsPeanuts”whichwasalsoputonthestageofSpringFestivalGalain1993,fromthenonthesketchappearsonthestageofGalaMeeting.Inthe1984,asketchnamed“EatingNoodles”performedbyChenPaisiandZhuShimaowaswarmlywelcomedbytheaudiences,scholarsandprofessors,fortheappearanceofthissketch,theartofsketchbecamemoreandmorepopularandprovedtobetheessentialpartonthestageofGalaMeeting.Manysketchactorsweredeeplyinfluencedbythesketch“EatingNoodles”andmadegreatefforttopracticeinthisfieldsuchasGongHanlin,ZhaoLirong,SongDandan,YanShunkai,CaiMing,GuoDaandsoon.

ThesketchhasmanyfeatureswhichmakeitveryattractiveandiswelcomedandenjoyedbyalltheChinese.

3.2PreviousStudiesonChineseShortSketches

Thesketchhasnotbeingpaidcloseattentiontobutthehumorhasbeenstudiedbyalargenumberofresearchersfromdifferentperspectivessuchasthephilosophy,aesthetic,psychology,rhetoric,linguisticsandsoforth.LiuGuifangandTangZhuo（2006）analyzedthecharacteristicsofhumorinthecomicsketch.Giora.Rdidaresearchfromtheaspectofcognitivetoanalyzejoke.LiuPing（2005）gaveaoverviewofconversationalhumorfromlinguisticaspect.LiuYuanyuanandZhenQiqi（2009）analyzedthehumorinZhaoBenshan’sketchnamed“不差钱”fromtheperspectiveofRelevanceTheory.YaoGuangjin（2011）didaresearchofthehumorof“不差钱”fromtheperspectiveofcooperativeprinciple.LiHaiying（2003）analyzedtheexpressionofZhao’sketchesfromtheperspectiveofvocabulary,grammar,speechsoundandsoforthinthearticle“OntheLinguisticExpressionMethodsofZhaoBenshan’sSketch”.ManyresearchersdidthestudyofZhaoBenshan’ssketches.SuchasLiLili（2005）madeaexplanationonZhaoBenshan’ssketcheshumorindissertation“OnthePresuppositionofHumorinZhaoBenshan’sketch”.WangLili（2005）usesconceptualintegrationtheoryexplaintheverbalhumorinZhaoBenshan’ssketchinthedissertation“AnalyzetheVerbalHumorofZhaoBenshan’ssketchfromtheConceptualIntegrationTheory”.XieXuhui（2009）didaresearchofhumorindissertation“TheResearchonVerbalHumorArtinComicSketch”.Thispapertakesthetypicalsketchesof2013SpringFestivalGalaaslanguagematerialandthekeypointisfindingsomeregularpattenstocreatehumoreffectbyviolatingthefourmaximsofcooperativeprinciple.Thepurposeofthisthesisisprovidingsomeusefulsuggestionsandmethodsforthecompositionandunderstandingofshortsketch.

3.2.1PreviousStudiesonChineseShortSketchesfromthePerspectiveofCooperativePrinciple

Cooperativeprincipleissignificantinthepragmaticsanditpossessesgreatpowertoexplainmanylinguisticphenomena.Alargenumberofresearchershavedidstudyonhumorandsketchfromperspectiveofcooperativeprinciple,suchasZouLiumei（2003）madeagreatcontributiontotheresearchofhumorinherdissertation“OnVerbalHumorofShortSketchfromthePerspectiveofCooperativePrincipleandRelevanceTheory”.YangGuang（2012）alsogavehisopiniononhumorinhisdissertation“ComparativeAnalysisofHumorinZhaoBenshan’sketchesfromPerspectiveofRelevanceTheoryandCooperativePrincip”.Inaddition,TongYanfei（2012）analyzedthehumorinthesketchnamed《昨天，今天，明天》.ZhouJiangyuan（2000）didaresearchofthehumorfromtheperspectiveofdepartureofcooperativeprincipleinhisdissertation“thehumoreffectcausedbyviolatingthemaximofcooperativeprinciple”.JiShu（2011）gaveheropinioninthethesisnamed“Grice’cooperativeprincipleandtheconversationalhumorinshortsketch”.Besides,ZhangZhuo（2010）analyzedtheconversationalimplicationinhisdissertation“theanalysisofconversationalimplicationinsketch‘不差钱’.Humorisanessentialpartofourlifeandshouldbegivendeeperandfurtherstudyinthefuture.

3.2.2PreviousStudiesonChineseShortSketchesfromthePerspectiveofRelevanceTheory

BesidestheCooperativeprinciple,RelevanceTheoryalsoisasignificanttheoryinanalyzingthehumorinshortsketch.TherearemanyimportantelementsintheRelevanceTheory,suchastheoptimalrelevanceandthemaximalrelevance.Itpossessesgreatpowertoexplainvariouskindsofconversationalphenomena.ManyresearchersstudiedthehumorofshortsketchfromtheperspectiveofRelevanceTheorysuchasBaiMeixian（2011）appliedtheRelevanceTheorytoanalyzedthehumorinhisdisse