Two Dimensions of Comprehending the Environmental Thought of Marx.docx
- 文档编号:8216610
- 上传时间:2023-01-29
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:5
- 大小:19.56KB
Two Dimensions of Comprehending the Environmental Thought of Marx.docx
《Two Dimensions of Comprehending the Environmental Thought of Marx.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Two Dimensions of Comprehending the Environmental Thought of Marx.docx(5页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
TwoDimensionsofComprehendingtheEnvironmentalThoughtofMarx
TwoDimensionsofComprehendingtheEnvironmentalThoughtofMarx
[a]InstituteofMarxism,SouthwestUniversity,Chongqing,China.
*Correspondingauthor.
SupportedbytheFundamentalResearchFundsfortheCentralUniversities(SWU1309225).
Received16February2015;accepted22March2015
Publishedonline26April2015
Abstract
TheenvironmentalthoughtofMarxisusuallyelucidatedintheacademefromthetheoreticaldimensioninsteadofpayingattentiontoitfromthemethodologicaldimension.ThecomprehensionoftheenvironmentalthoughtofMarxshouldnotbelimitedintheory,butimplementedinthethinkingmethodaswellasthethinkinglogicofsuchtheorydeveloped,whichalsobecalledthedimensionofmethodology.
Keywords:
Marx;Theenvironmentalthought;Theoreticaldimension;Methodologicaldimension
Luo,C.(2015).TwoDimensionsofComprehendingtheEnvironmentalThoughtofMarx.StudiesinSociologyofScience,6
(2),-0.Availablefrom:
URL:
http:
//
DOI:
http:
//dx.doi.org/10.3968/6857
INTRODUCTION
ThepaststudiesontheenvironmentalthoughtofMarxweremostlypaidattentiontoitstheoreticaldimensionandignoreditsmethodologicaldimension.Asthewriterofthispaper,IthinkthatitisnecessarytodiscussandstudyabouthowweshouldcomprehendtheenvironmentalthoughtofMarxcorrectlyonthebaseofitsacademicanalysis.ThecomprehensionoftheenvironmentalthoughtofMarxshouldnotbelimitedintheory,buttofinditsmethodologyasourguideofconstructingtheecologicalcivilization.
1.THECOMPREHENSIONOFTHEENVIRONMENTALTHOUGHTOFMARXFROMTHETHEORETICALDIMENSION
1.1RevealtheDialecticalUnityBetweenPersonandNatureFromthePracticalAspectbyMarx
Alltheoldmaterialists,includedFeuerbach,usedtoseparatetherelationbetweenpersonandnatureandmadethemdetachedfromeachother.JustaswithJohnBellamyFostersaidthat:
Marx’smaterialismwasnotamechanicalmaterialismwhichseparatedtherelationbetweenpersonandnatureandmadetheminoppositedirections.Itwasthedialecticalmaterialismthatfocusedontheorganicwholerelationbetweenhumanandnature(Foster,2006,p.17).MarxsaidinhisEconomic&PhilosophicalManuscriptsof1884,
Manisdirectlyanaturalbeing.Asanaturalbeingandasalivingnaturalbeingheisontheonehandendowedwithnaturalpowers,vitalpower-heisanactivenaturalbeing.Theseforcesexistinhimastendenciesandabilities-asinstincts.Ontheotherhand,asanatural,corporeal,sensuousobjectivebeingheisasuffering,conditionedandlimitedcreature,likeanimalsandplants.Thatistosay,theobjectsofhisinstinctsexistoutsidehim,asobjectsindependentofhim;yettheseobjectsareobjectsthatheneeds-essentialobjects,indispensabletothemanifestationandconfirmationofhisessentialpowers.(TheCollectedWorksofMarxandEngels[Volume],2009,p.209) Thatistosay,humanandnaturearetheunityofopposites.Ontheonehand,humanmakeanactiveeffectonthenatureofmakesnaturegetridofthecomfortablestate,makesitbethe“humanizednature”anduseittoconfirmtheinstinctivepowerofhumanbeing.Ontheotherhand,human’sproductionislimitedbynatureandnatureisnotonlytheobjectivepreconditionforhumanbeing,butalsotheessentialconditionofhuman’sdevelopment.
1.2ExplanationontheMethodsofRealizingtheHarmoniousandUnifyingtheRelationBetweenHumanandNatureFromthePracticalAspectbyMarx
Marxexplainedfromtheaspectofpracticenotonlyinfieldsofthoughtsandhistorybutalsointhenaturalworld,whichwastheessentialdifferencebetweenhimandotherphilosophicalschoolsinunderstandingandsolvingthecontradictoryproblem.Feuerbachoncetriedtomakeanexplanationoftherelationbetweenhumanandnaturefromtheperspectiveofhistoricalmaterialism,buthisunderstandingoftherelationwasnon-historicandabstract,whichwasoutofpracticeandonlyunderstoodinobjectiveanddirectform.Therefore,themethodofrealizingtheharmonyandunitybetweenhumanbeingsandnaturehasnotbeenfoundyet.Marxconsideredthat,“theobject-orientedhumanessenceisnecessarywhetherfromtheviewoftheoryorpractice.”(TheCompleteWorksofMaxandAngles[Volume42],1979,p.121)Andthatistosay,itisatargetrelationbetweenhumanbeingandnaturewhichisdifferentfromthefreerelationfromtheperspectiveofpracticaldimension.Besides,practiceisthekinkinmaintainingthiskindoftargetrelation.Therelationbetweenhumanandnatureisessentiallyapracticalproblem.Inmyancienttime,productivitywasextremelybackwardthatpeoplewerelackingtheabilityofacquiringandtransformingthenatureandtheyregardedthenatureasgodstoworship.Inrecenttimes,withtheprogressofthescienceandtechnology,theproductivityacquiredarapiddevelopmentandpeoplebegantoremovesomeofthemysteryofnatureaswellasconquereditasthedissidentforce.Nowadays,peoplehaverealizedthedualityofthemodernindustrialcivilization:
Ithaspromotedthesocialprogress,butalsobroughtseriousecologicalproblems.Thecruelrealityhaselevatedtheunderstandingoftherelationbetweenhumanandnaturetoanewlevelandpaidattentiontopursuingtheharmonyandunityofthisrelation.Accordingtothreechangesintherelationbetweenhumanandnature,wecanknowthatsocialpractice,especiallytheproductionpractice,isthefundamentalimpetusofchangingtherelationbetweenhumanandnature.Thechangesintheirrelationdonotdependonthesubjectiveconsciousness.Thecontinuousprogressesofproductivityandproductionpracticearetheinexorabletrendofhistoricaldevelopmentandtheunifyingrelationbetweenhumanandnaturearenecessaryfortheprogressofhumancivilization.Therefore,fromtheperspectiveofthetargetrelationbetweenhumanandnature,itisnotthethingthatexistssincetheworldbeganandconsistentanditistheproductionofindustry;theproductionofhistory;theproductionofactivitiesfromgenerationtogeneration(TheCompleteWorksofMaxandAngles[Volume1],1979,p.48). 1.3AnalysisWithHistoricalMaterialismontheEcologicalProblemsFromtheViewofHistorybyMarx
Althoughcapitalistmodeofproductionplayedanimportantroleinpromotingtheproductivityunprecedentedly,italsobroughtsomeseriousproblemssuchasenvironmentalpollution,ecologicaldestruction,etc..Marxgavetheanalysisandthinkingwithhistoricalmaterialismonecologicalproblems.Marxinvestigatedintotherelationbetweenhumanandnaturefromtheperspectiveofhistoricaldevelopmentbyrevealingtheepistemologicalcausesofecologicalproblems.Hesaidthat,“inhumanhistory……eventhosemostoutstandingfigureswouldnotseethosecertainthingsbecauseofblindnessinjudging.Andthentheywouldfindthatinsurprisethosethingstheyhadnotseenbeforeuncoveredatsomepoint.”(SelectionsofMaxandAngles[Volume4],1995,p.579)Intheprocessofknowingandchangingthenature,wecouldnotmasterthecompatibleruleof“human-nature-society”becauseofthelimitationofhistory.Therefore,ithascausedmanynegativeconsequencessuchasenvironmentalpollutionandecologicaldestructioninusingnature.Marxrevealsthatthecapitalistsystemistherootcauseandoutletofgeneratedecologicalproblembymeansoflucubrationcapitalisteconomysystem.Inthecapital,Marxlargelydescribesthepicturethatcapitalistsproceedunlimitedproductionforthesakeofpursuingsurplusvaluesothatleadtoeconomiccrisisandecologicalcrisis.Economiccrisisandecologicalcrisisareinevitableaslongastransfer“capitallogic”.Therefore,capitalistsystemhasnocapacitytorealizetheharmonyandunityof“people-nature-society”.Inordertorealizetheharmonyandunityof“people-nature-society”,therootoutletistotransformthecapitalistmodeofproductionfocusedon“capitallogic”soastoultimatelyrealizethecommunistproductionmode.Forthecommunistproductionmode“isequaltohumanitarianismasthecompletednaturalism,Whileitisequaltonaturalismasthecompletedhumanitarianism,anditisthetruesettlementbetweenhumanandnatureaswellashumanandhuman”.
2.GRASPTHEENVIRONMENTALTHOUGHTOFMARXFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFMETHODOLOGYDIMENSION
TheenvironmentalthoughtofMarxisbasedoninspectingandthinkingcapitalistsociety,andproposedmainlyforsolvingcurrentproblems.Therefore,thesetheoreticalachievementsareinevitabletostamptimebrandandhavecertainhistoriclimitations.Agreatmanyconditionshavechangeduptonow.IthasalreadybeenhardtomeetthedesirabilitytakingMarxismtoguiderealisticquestionifonlygraspingandapplyingtheenvironmentalthoughtofMarxfromtheperspectiveoftheory. Firstofall,NotallofMarx’sordinarydiscussionstoecologicalproblemsareaccordwithpracticalconditionshereandnow.Marxconsiders,capitalistnature(thatiscapitalistlogic)ispursuingsurplusvalueendlesslyandgreedily,whichisabsolutelyanti-ecological.Thereisnodoubtthataslongasthecapitalistsystemexists,ecologicalcrisisisinevitablejustlikeeconomiccrisis.However,presentdevelopedcapitalistcountrieshavealreadyenteredintopost-industrialageonafteranother.
Objectivelyspeaking,westerncountrieshaveachievedgreattheoreticalachievementsandmadesignificanttheoreticalcontributionintheprocessofecologicalcivilizationexplorationandconstruction:
Ontheonehand,therapiddevelopmentofnumeroustheoriesincludingecol
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Two Dimensions of Comprehending the Environmental Thought Marx
链接地址:https://www.bdocx.com/doc/8216610.html