21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册答案unit17.docx

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册答案unit17.docx

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21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册答案unit17

Unit1

TEXTA

II1.Hedefinesgreatnessasthelastingcontributionwhichapersonmakesorhasmadetohumancivilization.

2.TheexampleofChurchillshowstheimportanceofpersistenceanddedicationinachievinggreatness.3.Firstbornsandonlychildrentendtomakegoodleadersintimesofcrisis,butmiddle-bornchildrenarebetterpeacetimeleaders.

4.A20thcenturypoliticianshouldbeaneffectivepublicspeakerandasocialperson.

5.Intelligenceseemstobelessimportantthanotherfactors,suchastheabilitytocommunicateeffectively.6.Theabilitytoovercometraditionalwaysofthinkingisalsocrucial.

7.Theysimplydon’tdevotetheamountoftimerequired.8.Thestudyshowedthatenjoyingone’sworkisthebestformofmotivation.

IV

1.chat2.acknowledge3.motivated4.charcteristic5.despite6.influential7.cited8.obstacle9.intrinsic10.criteria11.obsession12.innate13.contribution（s）14.contemporary15.submitted16.morale

V

1.leftbehind2.rise3.madehistory4.wereendowedwith5.putupwith6.goingnowhere7.ifocuseson8.bebuilton9.putineupwith11.takecharge12.set...apartVI

efficiencyemergencyfluencyfrequencyproficiencytendencyurgencysufficiency1.fluency2.proficiency3.emergency4.Efficiency5.tendency6.frequency

VII

1.Forsomestudents,it'snotthattheydon'tputinenoughtime—it'sthattheydon'thavegoodstudyhabits.2.Childrenperformdifferentlyatschool.It'snotthattheyhavedifferentIQs—it'sthattheyarebroughtupindifferentenvironments.

3.Thecompanyisnotveryproductive.It'snotthatitsstaffaren'ttalented—it'sthattheirenergyhasn'tbeenchanneledeffectively.

4.I'mreallysorry.It'snotthatIdon'twanttogotothecinemawithyou—it'sthatIhavetofinishmypapertonight.

5.Youhaveastomachache.It'snotthatthefoodwasbad—it'sprobablythatyouhavetoomuchstressfromyourwork.

VIII

1.PresidentWilsondidn'ttrytobringtheUSbacktoeconomicandpoliticalisolation.Instead,hebelievedininternationalcooperationthroughanassociationofnations.

2.Computersdon'tteachstudentsingroups.Instead,theycanhelpthemlearneffectivelyaccordingtotheirdifferentneeds.

3.Weshouldn'tfocusonminorpoints.Instead,weshouldtrytosolvetheproblemofthegreatesturgencyatpresent.4.Hedosen'tgetanybodyelsetohelphim.Instead,helikestoattendtoeverythinghimself.

5.Teachingsuccessshouldn'tbemeasuredbythescoresthestudentsreceiveontests.Instead,itshouldbemeasuredbywhetherthestudentshaveinternalizedtheabilityanddesiretolearn.

IXBCBADDCABADABCA

X西蒙顿说如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。

“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西”他解释道。

“但研究结果表明有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。

有的只是程度上的差异而已。

伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。

”他举出二战时期的英国首相温斯顿?

丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。

丘吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台并出色地领导了英国人民。

在1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中他的话激励了全国人民“我们绝不会衰退、失败。

我们将坚持到底„„我们永远不会屈服。

”

XI

1.Americanstendtodefinepeoplebythejobstheyhave/do.Suchcharacteristicsastheirfamilyandeducationalbackgroundsareconsideredlessimportant.2.Hisuncompromisingpersonalityexplainswhyhecouldnolongerputupwithhisemployerandeventuallysubmittedhisresignation.

3.IfyoureallywanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustputinalotoftimeandenergy,oryou'llgonowhere.Thesamecanbesaidofothersubjects.

4.Someactors'fameisbuiltontheirinnatebeauty,butdespitehisshortstature,DustinHoffmanroseaboveanditishisexcellentactingthatsethimapart.

5.Afterhetookcharge,wediscoveredthattherewerestrikingdifferencesbetweenhimandhispredecessor.Hehadthedriveandpassion,cameupwithmanynewideas,andfocusedhisworkonhowtoraiseourmorale.

6.DengXiaopingmadehistorywhenhedeclaredChina'sreformandopening-uppolicy.Despitetremendousobstacles,hemadelastingcontributionstoourcountry'smodernizationwithhisunrelentingefforts.

7.WhycouldsomeonewithageniusIQbeleftbehindbyahardworkingpersonwithanaverageIQ?

Ithastobeacknowledgedthatbesidesone'sIQ,manyotherfactorshavemuchtodowithone'sachievements.

8.Thisteacherisreallyremarkableinfirstmotivatingherstudentssoshecanreallyteachthemsomething.It'snotthatsheistalented,it'sthatshefocusescompletelyordrawingtheirfullattentioninclass.

unit2

TEXTA

I1.Hegotnothanksforreturningawallet,thoughhedeservedto.

2.Hewantstoshowhowmuchpeopleneedgratitudetokeepupaspiritofkindnessandcooperation.

3.Shesavedupfortwoyears,wenttoNormandyinperson,andgaveherson'sgoldwristwatchtothewoman.

4.Hesendashortrecordingexpressinghisappreciationoftheauthor'sthoughtfulnessandsentittotheauthor.

5.Apatientwhoselifewassavedbyabloodtransfusioncamebackagainandagaintodonatehisbloodanonymouslysothatmorepatientscouldbesaved.6.HedoesitbycitingW.H.Hudson'sgratitudeforhiswife'sday-to-dayheroism.

7.Thosepeoplewhodolittlethingsforusallyearround.8.Itcanmakepeopletakeinfinitepainswiththeirwork.9.Gratitudeisneededallthetimeandnoneofuscangivetoomuchofit.

III

1.intention2.sincere3.glaring4.sore5.trace6.render4.denial5.proof9.tribute7.conventional11.generous12.gratitude13.slammed14.agreeable

IV

1.caught/tookmyfancy2.amistakeonJohn'spart3.takeforgranted4.thinktwice5.savedup6.referredto7.boastabout8.tookpainswith9.refrainfrom10.somethingof11.inonewayoranother12.fedup

V

1.altitude2.aptitude3.attitude4.longitude5.fortitude6.mulitiude7.latitude8.solitude

VI

1.coordination2.coexist3.co-workers4.co-owners5.co-authored6.Cooperation7.Coeducation8.copilot

VII

1.nosacrificefortheeducationoftheyoungwastoogreat

2.Nopriceistoohightopayinordertosavetheirlives

3.cannotbetoocarefulinperforminganexperiment4.Theycannotpraisehimtoomuch

5.cannotbeoveremphasized6.cannotbeoverestimatedVIIIBACDDBABCDBADCA

IX一些人不愿表达感激之情因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。

我的一个病人在出院几个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士。

“我没有更早地回来”他解释说“是因为我猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。

”“正好相反”她回答说“我很高兴你来。

很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。

”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。

因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作。

X1.HeglaredatJohnandwasannoyedbyhisrefusaltocooperate.

2.John'ssincerespeechshowshisgratitudetothepeoplewhorenderedhimgeneroushelpwhenhewasindifficulty.3.Heissomethingofastampcollector.Thefactthatoncehesavedupfortwoyearstobuyararestampisproofofit.

4.Thebeautyoftheserosescouldnotbeoverstated.Theytook/caughtallthevisitorsfancyinonewayoranother.5.Atfirsthetookitforgrantedthattheyshouldbuildmorehighwaysinthisarea.Thenacarefulcalculationoftheexpenditurecompelledhimtothinktwicebeforehemadethefinaldecision.

6.Eachtimehereceivesagiftfromme,nomatterhowsmall,myfriendBillneverfailstoacknowledgeit.

7.Thejournalisthasdecidedtotracetheyoungmanreferredtointheoldcouple'sletter,whichisatributetotheyoungman'seffortatimprovingtheirlivingconditions.8.Thoughhewasfedupwiththesalesmenwhoknockedathisdoorandboastedabouttheirproductseveryday,herefrainedfromslammingthedoorintheirface.

Unit3

TEXTA

II1.Hechangedhisperspectiveandobservedpeoplewhodidnothavesmallpox.

2.Hewantstogiveagoodexampleoflateralthinking.3.Hecomparesthehumanbraintoacomputerandthechangeofone'spointofviewtothereprogrammingofthecomputer.

4.Itistofightit.

5.Hecallsitverticalthinking.

6.Heusedthetechniqueoflateralthinking.

7.Thekeyistomakeashiftinemphasisinsteadoffightingtheproblemhead-on.

8.Theyshouldchangetheirpointofviewandregardthemselvesastheirbody'skeeper.

9.Veryoftenlateralthinkingyieldsmuchbetterresultsthanverticalthinking.

10.Itisapproachingthetargetfromasidewayspointofviewinsteadofapproachingitdirectly.

III

1.tactic2.utmost3.structure4.slack5.significance6.head-on7.deadend8.erased9.framework10.vertical;vertical11.ceased12.flaw13.implies14.affirmed

IV

1.woundupbeing3.takein5.takeover2.pullingon4.ineffect6.endedupteachingV

1.approach2.fought3.cure4.pressured5.focus6.approach7.program8.experienced9.switch10.escape11.fail12.escapedVI

assistantaccountantservantdependantattendantcontestantdefendantconsultantinhabitantoccupant1.attendant2.servant3.consultans4.contestant5.accountant6.occupants7.assistant8.inhabitants9.dependants10.defendant

VII

1.ofuse2.ofgreatimportance3.ofgreat/critical/extremesignificance4.oflittlevalue5.ofmarkedbenefit6.ofinvaluablehelp

VIII

1.shouldhavetoldmeatonce2.2.shouldhavetoldmebeforehand3.3.shouldhaveleftthecompanylongago4.nevershouldhavehappened5.shouldhaveleftthirtyminutesago6.shouldhavephoned

IXCDBDABBDBBCABDC

X一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。

“进展越困难硬汉子越向前”这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。

不管是什么问题不管可以用来解决问题的方法是什么我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。

德?

博诺医生称之为纵向思维即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维坚定地从一步移到下一步就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。

当然它的缺陷是如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到或者一块积木没有放对那么整个结构就会坍塌。

事情就会陷入僵局沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。

横向思维德?

博诺医生说是对事物进行思考的一种新方法——一种完全避免这种拼搏用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。

XI

1.Tomwashungupontheproblembutcoulddonothingaboutituntilhelearnttosolveitwithdifferenttactics.2.Lateralthinkinghashelpedhimtoadvancehisnewtheorywhichhadseemedtoreachadeadend.

3.Theframeworkofourlatestconstructionplanhasbeenaffirmedbythelocalgovernment.Whetheritwillbecarriedoutontimeisoftheutmostsignificancetothedevelopmentofthiscoastalcity.

4.Whiletryingtofindasolutiontotheproblem,Edwardreachedanimpasseinhisthinking,but