艺考生课程阅读第六十八讲.docx
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艺考生课程阅读第六十八讲.docx
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艺考生课程阅读第六十八讲
20XX年学大教育艺考生课程——阅读第六十八讲
阅读理解中的猜词技巧
适用学科
英语
适用年级
高三
适用区域
通用
课时时长(分钟)
60
知识点
理解主旨和要义
根据上下文推断生词的词义
教学目标
知识目标:
了解词义句义题特点
方法目标:
掌握一套准确猜测文章中生词方法与技巧
能力目标:
提高英文阅读理解能力
教学重点
通过文章上下文进行猜词
教学难点
通过文章上下文进行猜词
教学过程
一、课堂导入
Asalong-distanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.
猜一猜划线部分词义是什么?
二、复习预习
1.议论文具体分为哪几种类型?
每种类型文章中心主旨如何精确捕捉?
2.平时在做阅读题时遇到生词怎么办?
三、知识讲解
知识点1
根据构词法猜测词义
1.合成法
man-madehandwritingcopyright
greenhouseall-roundtypewriterbreakthroughhigh-classblacklist
one-wayEnglish-speaking
2.派生法
A.否定前缀
un-(不)unimportant
in-/im-/ir-/il-(不)impossible
dis-(不)dislike
mis-(不)misunderstand
B.其他前缀
re-(再)rebuild
inter-(互)interchange
pre-(前)preschool
anti-(反)antifreeze
non-(否)nonprofit
C.名词后缀
-er(人)teacher
-er(物)cooker
-ician(人)physician
D.形容词后缀
-able(能)eatable
-less(否)homeless
E.动词后缀
-en(使)widen
-fy(使)satisfy
-ize(使)modernize
知识点2
1.以定义为线索猜测词义
①关键词或词组引出法
mean(意指),referto(指的是),bedefinedas(被定义为),beknownas(被称为),becalled(被称为),thatis(也就是说)
②定语从句
例:
Thescientistswhostudyinsectsarecalledentomologists.
2.以同位语为线索猜测词义
Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.
3.以例举的句子为线索猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,表示列举关系的信号词有:
like,forexample,forinstance,suchas,especially,include,consistof,specially等。
例:
Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.
4.以重述为线索猜测词义
作者经常使用一些信号词,这些信号词有:
inotherwords,toputitanotherway,thatistosay,or
例:
Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle...thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。
5.以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义
(1)or有时可作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词.
(2)like(像……一样),as...as(如同……一样),thesameas(与……相同)等也可作为识别生词的同义词或近义词的信号词,以这些词为线索,有时也可推断出生词的词义来.
例:
Influenzaissometimescalledfluorabadcold.
6.以反义词、对比关系为线索猜测词义
常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词有:
but,yet,however,while,whereas,otherwise,inspiteof,despite,eventhough,although,though,unlike,instead(of),ratherthan,nevertheless,onthecontrary,
例:
Sheisusuallypunctualforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.
7.以因果关系为线索猜测词义
因果关系的信号词有:
since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,dueto,resultin,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,sothat,so...that,such...that
例:
Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.
知识点3
根据普通常识与生活经验推测生词词义
例:
TheOlympicgamesweretobecompletedingoodspirit.Theideawastoparticipateandnottowin…
知识点4
文章背景下的词义分析:
1.词本义分析(理解词的字面意义)
2.相关性排除(去除与词的字面意义不相干的选项)
3.浅义排除(排除对词语直接浅显解释的选项)
4.与文章中心主旨挂钩(优先考虑与中心主旨较为相关的选项)
知识点5
具体信息指代题:
1.上文就近找原词
2.注意词性与结构
四、例题精析
【例题1】
Whyplaygames?
Becausetheyarefun,anda1otmorebesides.Followingtherules…planningyournextmove...actingasateammember…theseareall“game”ideasthatyouwillcomeacrossthroughoutyourlife.
Thinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhide-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating(合作).
Manychildren’sgameshaveapracticalsideChildrenaroundtheworldplaygamesthatpreparethemforworktheywilldoasgrown-ups.Forinstance,someSaudiArabianchildrenplayagamecalledbones.Whichsharpensthehand-eyecoordination(协调)neededinhunting.
Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympicGames,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincanmeansomuch.
Sportsarealsoaneventthatunitespeople.Socceristhemostpopularsportintheworld.Peopleonallcontinentsplayit—someforfunandsomeforaliving.NicoletteIribarne,aCaliforniansoccerplayer,hasdiscoveredawaytospreadhopethroughsoccer.Hecreatedafoundationtoprovidepoorchildrenwithnotonlysoccerballsbutalsoapromisingfuture.
Nexttimeyouplayyourfavoritegameorsport,thinkaboutwhyyouenjoyit,whatskillsareneeded,andwhethertheseskillswillhelpyouinotheraspectsofyourlife.
TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgamescan_______.
A.describelifeinanexcitingway
B.turnreal-lifeexperiencesintoaplay
C.makelearninglifeskillsmoreinteresting
D.changepeople’sviewsofsportingevents
【答案】C
【解析】这部分前面的谓语动词是translate有“翻译,解释,转移,调动”的意思,该部分后面有一个定语从句,前后结合就可以理解这部分的意思了。
【例题2】
Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.
Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard.
Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUK,forexample,isrunningoutofitforcarryingthisunnecessarywaste.Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.Thesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplace.Foodwasteisaseriousproblem,too.Toomanysupermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.However,afewofthemarecomingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinue,encouragingcustomerstoreusetheirplasticbags,forexample.
Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwithquality.Wehavelearnedtothinkthatsomethingunpackagedisofpoorquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butisalsoappliestoawiderangeofconsumerproducts,whichoftenhavefarmorepackagingthannecessary.
Therearesignsofhope.Asmoreofusrecycle,wearebeginningtorealisejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialarecollecting.Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture,butwehaveamountaintoclimb.
Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over-consumption”referto?
A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.
B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.
C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.
D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.
【答案】D
【解析】根据文中的“Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.”可知划线部分意义应为“过度消费”,所以D项意义正确。
【例题3】
Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.
【答案】不利的,有害的。
【解析】句中“also”提示第二句与第一句句义相近,根据“harmful”,不难推断出划线部分词义为“不利的,有害的”。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1、
Whensomethinggoeswrong,itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay,“Well,it’sso-and-so’sfault.”or“IknowI’mlate,butit’snotmyfault;thecarbrokedown.”Itisprobablynotyourfault,butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner’skeytosuccess.
Winnersaregreatatovercomingproblems.Forexample,ifyouwerelatebecauseyourcarbrokedown,maybeyouneedtohaveyourcarexaminedmoreregularly.Or,youmightstarttocarryalongwithyoutheusefulphonenumbers,soyoucouldcallforhelpwheninneed.Foranotherexample,ifyourcolleaguecausesyouproblemsonthejobforlackofresponsibilityorability,findwaysofdealingwithhisirresponsibilityorinabilityratherthansimplyblametheperson.Asktoworkwithadifferentperson,ordon’trelyontheperson.Youshouldacceptthattheperson.Asktoworkwithadifferentperson,ordon’trelyonthisperson.Youshouldacceptthatthepersonisnotreliableandfindcreativewaystoworksuccessfullyregardlessofhowyourcolleaguefailstodohisjobwell.
Thisiswhatbeingawinnerisallabout—creativelyusingyourskillsandtalentssothatyouaresuccessfulnomatterwhathappens.Winnersdon’thavefewerproblemsintheirlives;theyhavejustasmanydifficultsituationstofaceasanybodyelse.Theyarejustbetteratseeingthoseproblemsaschallengesandopportunitiestodeveloptheirowntalents.So,stopfocusingon“whosefaultitis.”Onceyouareconfidentaboutyourpoweroverbadsituations,problemsarejuststeppingstoponforsuccess.
TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.
A.avoidB.acceptC.improveD.consider
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章中“however”可知“Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.”为与划线词所在句关系十分紧密的一句,又根据该句中“changethesituation.”可知答案为C。
2、
Iamawriter.Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage—thewayitcanevoke(唤起)anemotion,avisualimage,acomplexidea,orasimpletruth.Languageisthetoolofmytrade.AndIusethemall—alltheEnglishesIgrewupwith.
Borni
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