9f入学统一考试英语在线测评试题.docx
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9f入学统一考试英语在线测评试题.docx
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9f入学统一考试英语在线测评试题
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语在线测评试题(9月)
总共77题共100分
一.完型填空(共20题,共10分)
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank.(10points)说明:
阅读下面的文章并为每个空格选出最佳单词。
(每小题0.5分,共计10分)注意:
本题只有一个正确选项。
1.
Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpractice,gradually1theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.2,arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield′sDepartmentOfPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying.
Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological'fitnesscost'tolearning,wherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof10eachindividualhas.
Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso11theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.12computers,whichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer'smemorychip,neuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isaccelerated,explaininghowcomplexmotorskills,suchasnestbuildingandhuntingskills,are16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations.
Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896,whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright,19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime.
(10分)
(1)Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpractice,gradually1theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.(0.5分)
A.adjusting
B.refining
C.changing
D.turning
(2)2,arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield′sDepartmentOfPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.(0.5分)
A.Indeed
B.Hence
C.Whereas
D.However
(3)Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying.(0.5分)
A.genetically
B.cognitively
C.habitually
D.extrinsically
(4)Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying.(0.5分)
A.storage
B.organ
C.memory
D.function
(5)Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.(0.5分)
A.affected
B.artificial
C.fake
D.unrealistic
(6)Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.(0.5分)
A.dominations
B.manipulations
C.operations
D.simulations
(7)Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.(0.5分)
A.previous
B.former
C.preceding
D.ancient
(8)Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.(0.5分)
A.entirely
B.accordingly
C.obviously
D.indirectly
(9)Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.(0.5分)
A.resultin
B.therefore
C.so
D.nevertheless
(10)Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological'fitnesscost'tolearning,wherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof10eachindividualhas.(0.5分)
A.partners
B.alternatives
C.offspring
D.parents
(11)Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso11theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.(0.5分)
A.dependon
B.decide
C.affect
D.involve
(12)12computers,whichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer'smemorychip,neuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.(0.5分)
A.For
B.Alike
C.Unlike
D.Within
(13)12computers,whichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer’smemorychip,neuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.(0.5分)
A.delivered
B.distributed
C.displayed
D.disposed
(14)14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isaccelerated,explaininghowcomplexmotorskills,suchasnestbuildingandhuntingskills,are16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations.(0.5分)
A.As
B.Given
C.If
D.Considering
(15)14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isaccelerated,explaininghowcomplexmotorskills,suchasnestbuildingandhuntingskills,are16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations.(0.5分)
A.ability
B.update
C.renovation
D.evolution
(16)14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isaccelerated,explaininghowcomplexmotorskills,suchasnestbuildingandhuntingskills,are16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations.(0.5分)
A.learned
B.acknowledged
C.attained
D.acquired
(17)Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896.(0.5分)
A.roots
B.resources
C.bases
D.reflections
(18)Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896.(0.5分)
A.supported
B.proposed
C.objected
D.started
(19)Baldwinwasright,19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime.(0.5分)
A.and
B.then
C.but
D.besides
(20)Baldwinwasright,19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime.(0.5分)
A.asfor
B.inparticular
C.suchas
D.forinstance
二.阅读理解PartA(共20题,共40分)
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,and[D].(40points)说明:
阅读下面四篇文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。
(每小题2分,共计40分)注意:
本题只有一个正确选项。
1.
Text1
Itisnotoftenthatthecompanythatdominatesanindustry,andisthusmostweddedtothestatusquo,callsfortherulesthatgovernthebusinesstobechanged.ButthatiswhathappenedthisweekwhenSteveJobs,thebossofApple—whichdominatesdigitalmusicwithitsiPodmusic-playerandiTunemusic-store—publishedanessayonhisfirm'swebsiteundertheunassumingtitle“ThoughtsonMusic”.
Atissueisdigitalrightsmanagement(DRM)—thetechnologyguardingdownloadedmusicagainsttheft.SincethereisnocommonDRMstandard,songspurchasedforonetypeofmusicplayermaynotworkonanother.Apple'sDRMsystem,calledFairPlay,isthemostwidespread.
EuropeanregulatorshavebeengunningforApple.TheyregarditsrefusaltolicenseFairPlayasmonopolistic.SincemusicfromtheiTunesstorecannotbeplayedonnon-iPodmusic-players(atleastnotwithoutalotoffiddling),anyiTunesbuyerwillbedeterredfromswitchingtoarivaldevice.Lastyear,FrenchlawmakersdraftedabillcompellingAppletoopenupFairPlaytorivals.
Inthepast,ApplehassupportedDRMonthegroundsthatitkeptthepiratesatbay.ItdescribedtheFrenchbillas“state-sponsoredpiracy”.ButthisweekMr.JobsgaveanalternativeexplanationfordefendingDRM:
therecordcompanies'demands.TheyagreedtomaketheirmusicavailabletoiTunesonlyifAppleagreedtoprotectitusingDRM;indeed,theycanstillwithdrawitiftheDRMsystemiscompromised.ApplecannotlicenseFairPlaytoothers,saysMr.Jobs,becauseitwoulddependonthemtoproducesecurityfixespromptly.So,hesuggests,whynotdoawaywithDRMandsellmusicunprotected?
“Thisisclearlythebestalternativeforconsumers,”hedeclares,“andApplewouldembraceitinaheartbeat.”
Whythesuddenchangeofheart?
Mr.JobsispresumablykeentogetEurope'sregulatorsoffhisback.RatherthancomplainingtoAppleaboutitsuseofDRM,hesuggests,“thoseunhappywiththecurrentsituationshouldredirecttheirenergiestowardspersuadingthemusiccompaniestoselltheirmusicDRMfree.”“Twoandahalfofthefourbigrecordcompanies”,hehelpfullypointsout,“areEuropean-owned.”
(10分)
(1)ItcanbeinferredfromtheParagraph1that.(2分)
A.“ThoughtsonMusic”callsforchangeindigitalmusicrules
B.Appleisintendingtodominatemusicindustry
C.ApplegovernsallthebusinessindigitalmusicwithitsiPodmusic-playerandiTunemusic-store
D.Applehaslaunchedabroadinvestigationondigitalmusicindustry
(2)AniTunesbuyerwouldprobablyLEASTchooseto.(2分)
A.useiPodmusic-player
B.enrollinFairPlay
C.orderaMP3fromSONYmusic
D.againsttherulessetbyApple
(3)Bysaying“EuropeanregulatorshavebeengunningforApple”,theauthormeans.(2分)
A.EuropeanregulatorshavehadaquarrelwithApple
B.EuropeanregulatorshavebeenstrugglingforApple
C.EuropeanregulatorshavebeenstickingtheirgunstoApple
D.EuropeanregulatorshavebeenlookingforchancestoattackApple
(4)IfAppleopensupitsFairPlaytohisrivals,whatprobablywouldth
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