届中考复习英语专项突破《提高阅读》专练.docx

届中考复习英语专项突破《提高阅读》专练.docx

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届中考复习英语专项突破《提高阅读》专练

2012西城C

Ofthemanykindsofvegetablesgrownallovertheworld,whichremainsthefavoriteofboththeyoungandold?

Thepotato,ofcourse.Perhapsyouknowthemas“taters”,“spuds”,or“Idahoes”.Butit’snomatter,apotatobyanyothernameisstillapotato—theworld'smostwidelygrownvegetable.Asamatteroffact,ifyouareanormalpotatoeater,youwilleatatleastahundredpoundsofthemeachyear.

That'sonlyatinypartofthetotalgrowneveryyear,however.Worldwide,thepotatoharvest（收获）everyyearisoversixbillionbags,witheachbaghavingahundredpoundsofspuds,someofthemaslargeasfourpoundseach.IntheUnitedStates,farmersfillaboutfourhundredmillionbagsayear.Thatmayseemlikealotoftaters,butitleavesusinthirdplaceamongworldpotatogrowers.FarmersinPoland（波兰）digupjustover800millionbagsayear,whiletheRussiansleadtheworldwithnearly1.5billionbags.

Peopleeatpotatoesinmanyways—baked（烘烤）,mashed（捣成糊状）,androasted,tonamejustthree.However,intheUnitedStatesmostpotatoesareeatenintheformofFrenchfries.Onefast-foodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder,then,thatthecompanypayscloseattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared.

Beforeanyfrymakesittothepeoplewhoeatatthispopularrestaurant,itmustpassmanyseparatetests.FailanyoneandtheFrenchfryisthrownaway.Tostartwith,onlyacertainkindofIdahopotatoisusedtomakefries.Theyhavelesswaterthanotherkinds.Oncecutinto“shoestring”shapes,thepotatoesarepartlyfriedinsecretoils,sprayed（喷洒）withliquidsugartobrownthem,steamdriedathighheat,andthenquicklyfrozenforshipmenttoeachrestaurant.

Beforeshipping,though,everyshoestringismeasured（测量）.Fortypercentofthefriesmustbebetweentwoandthreeincheslong.Anotherfortypercenthastobeoverthreeinches.Whataboutthetwentypercentthatisleft?

Well,afewshortfriesinabagareokay,itseems.

So,nowthatyourealizethehugesizeandvalueofthepotatocrop,youcanunderstandwhymostpeopleagreethatthispartofthefoodindustryisno“smallpotatoes.”

53.Accordingtothepassage,whichcountryhasthelargestharvestofpotatoes？

A.America.B.Russia.C.Poland.D.France.

54.WhatcanbeknownaboutAmericansandFrenchfries?

A.AmericansliketoeatFrenchfriesathome.

B.AmericanscareaboutFrenchfries’sizeandshape.

C.AmericanseatFrenchfrieslessthanmashedpotatoes.

D.Americanspreferpotatoestobecookedinthisway.

55.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Potatoesareknownbymanynames.

B.ThewayofmakingFrenchfriesisinteresting.

C.ThepotatoisanimportantvegetableinAmerica.

D.Thevariousnamesofpotatoeshavealonghistory.

D

Whatdoestheword“patent（专利权）”meantoyou?

Doesitinterestyou?

Ifitdoes,stopandthinkamomentaboutsomeofthecommonplacethingsthatyouuseeveryday:

thetelephone,radio,television,andthethousandsofotherthingsthatenrichourlivestoday,wereonceonlyideasinthemindsofmen.Ifithadnotbeenpossibletopatenttheirideas,soastoprotectthemfrombeingcopied,theseinventionsmightneverhavebeenfullydevelopedtoservehumanbeings.

Iftherewerenopatentprotectiontherewouldbelittleencouragementtoinvent,foroncethesecretsofaninventionbecameknown,thosewhodidnotexperiencetheinventor'srisksandexpenses（花费）mightwellfillthemarketwiththeircopiesofhisproductandstealmuchofthebenefit（益处）ofhisefforts.

ThemostbasicvaluesintheU.S.patentsystemcamefromEngland.DuringtheruleofQueenElizabethIinEngland,thegrowingtechnologywasfurtheredbythegivingofexclusiveprivileges（独家特权）topeoplewhohadinventednewprocesses（程序）ortools—astepthatdidmuchtoencouragecreativity.Later,animportantvaluewasadded:

societyhadeverythingtogainandnothingtolosebygivingexclusiveprivilegestoaninventor,becauseapatentforaninventionwasgivenforsomethingnewthatsocietyneverhadbefore.

GeorgeWashingtonsignedthefirstpatentlawonApril10,1790,andlessthanfourmonthslater,thefirstpatentwasgiventoamannamedSamuelHopkinsforachemicalprocess,animprovedmethodinsoapmaking.

In1936,thePatentOfficebecameaseparatedepartmentandithasgrownintoanorganizationofover2,500peoplewhoeveryweekdealwithmorethan1,600patentapplications,andofthose,givemorethan1,000.Apatentmaybegivenforanynewandusefulprocess,machine,orplanningmethod.

ThepatentsystemhasalsohelpedtoimprovethepayoftheAmericanworkertoanunexpectedlevel;hecanproduceandearnmorebyusingcomputersoraddingmachines,twoimportantpatentedinventions.Patentedinventionsalsohelpkeeppricesdownbyencouragingcompetition.

Ourpatentlaws,liketheConstitutionfromwhichtheygrew,havestoodthetestoftime.Theyhaveencouragedcreativeprocesses,broughtgreatbenefitstosocietyasawhole,andenabledAmericantechnologytooutstripthatoftherestofthemodernworld.

56.Fromthepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutinventors?

A.Theymakealotofmoney.

B.Theyfightagainstcopiers.

C.Theyhavealotofexperience.

D.Theyputeffortintoinventions.

57.Whywereinventorsgivenexclusiveprivileges?

A.Becausetheirinventionsmadeleadershappy.

B.Becausetheircreativityisveryimportant.

C.Becausetheirinventionscouldenlargesociety.

D.Becausetheywerethesmartestpeopleinsociety.

58.Accordingtothepassage,thepatentsystemisgoodforAmericabecause______.

A.ithelpsmoreworkersgetjobs

B.itprovidesafirst-classservice

C.itproduceslessexpensivethings

D.ithelpsinventorsfindmarkets

59.Whatisthemeaningof“outstrip”inthelastparagraph?

A.bebetterthanB.catchupwithC.makebetteruseofD.costmorethan

2012通州C

Thenoteread,“CallMargaretat555-6167.”Asacarinstructor（教员）,Ioftengotcallsfrompeopletorepairtheircars.Idialed.Avoiceanswered,“Ihavesomethingtotellyou.”

“Allright,”Ianswered,lookingattheclock.IonlyhadafewminutesbeforeIwentbacktoclass.“YesterdayIwasdrivingwhenmycarstartedactingup（出故障）.Itwaslateatnight.Iwassoafraidtostopthecartothesideoftherode,butfinallymycarjustbrokedown.Isattherewonderingwhattodo.”

Ireallyneededtogetbacktoclass.“Wouldyoulikemetolookatyourcar?

”Iasked.

“Letmefinish.Suddenly,twoyoungmencame.Ididn’tknowwhattheyweregoingtodo.Iwassoscared.”

“Theyaskedmewhathappenedandsaidtheymightbeabletogetthecarrunningagain.Isatinthecarhopingthatthesemenweren’tdoingsomethingbad.Afewminuteslater,theystartedthecar.Itstartedrightup!

TheytoldmethecarwouldbefinebutthatIshouldgetitcheckedout.”

“Andyou’dlikemetolookatit,right?

”Iasked.

“No,”thewomanwenton.“Iwassothankful.Iofferedthemmoney,buttheywouldn’ttakeit.Thentheytoldmetheywereformer（以前的）studentsofyours.”

“What?

”Iaskedinsurprise.“Whowerethey?

”

“Theydidn’ttellme.Theyjustgavemeyournameandtheschool’snameandmademecalltothankyou.IhopeyouknowhowthankfulIam.”

Ididn’tknowwhattosay.Ialwaystriedtoteachstudentstobehonestandotherthingsaboutlife—usewhatyouknowtohelpothers.MystudentshelpedsomeonebecauseofwhatIhadtaughttheminmyclassroom.Ihadjustgotthegreatestrewardateachercouldeverget.

50.WhydidMargaretwanttheinstructortocallher?

A.Becauseshewantedtheinstructortorepairhercar.

B.Becauseshewantedtobetheinstructor’sstudent.

C.Becausetheinstructorhadhelpedhertorepairhercar.

D.Becausetheinstructor’sstudentshadhelpedher.

51.ThepassagedoesNOTmentiontheinstructortaughtstudentsto_____.

A.behonestB.repaircars

C.helpothersD.thankteachers

52.Wecaninferthattheauthorwas_____.

A.pleasantforwhathisstudentshaddone

B.proudofhisstudents’drivingskill

C.unhappyforbeinglateforclass

D.gladthatMargaret’scarhadbeenwell

2012顺义C

Adesertisaverydrylandwherethereishardlyanyrain.Intheday,itcanbesohotthatyoucouldfryaneggontheground.Butduringthenightitissometimessocoldthatwaterwouldturnintoice.

Manydessertsarecoveredinsand.Butsomehavemountains,rocks,orlakesthathavedriedupintheheat.TheGreatAmericanDesserthascliffs（悬崖）thathavebeenmadeintoamazingandbeautifulshapesbythewind.TheSaharaDesertinAfricaismostlysand.TheAustralianDeserthasredsand.

Sometimesitdoesnotrainforawholeyearinthedesert.Butthereiswaterdeepunderthegroundandsomeplantshaverootsthatgoverydeeptofindit.Otherplantshaverootsthatspreadoutalongwaysotheycansuckuptherainassoonasitfalls.

Onedesertplantisthecactus,whichhaslong,spreadingroots.Thecactusstoreswaterinsideitshardskin.Thisskinprotectsitfromheatandcold.

Camelsareabitlikecactusplants!

Theystorewater,too—insidetheirbodies.Theyhavespecialfurwhichprotectsthemfromthesunduringthedayandkeepsthemwarmatnight.

Someotheranimalsliveindeserts,too.Theyhavetobeverygoodatseeingandhearingbecausemostofthemonlycomeoutatnight.Thisiswhymanydesertanimalshaveextrabigeyesorears.

Adesertfoxhasbiggerearsthananormalfox.Agerbil（沙鼠）hashugeeye,sothatitcanseeatnight.Itstayscoolinthedaybystayingunderground,likemostdesertanimals.

Somepeopleliveinthedesertbuttheyalwaysmaketheirhomesnearanoasis.Anoas