最新中考名词+代持+冠词教学案.docx
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最新中考名词+代持+冠词教学案.docx
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最新中考名词+代持+冠词教学案
中考名词+代持+冠词教学案
名词
☆名词分类
(人名、地名、抽象名)
名词
(个体名词、集体名词)
(物质名词、抽象名
★名词变复数规则变化
(1)一般情况下加,如books,days,years…
(2)以结尾的单词加es,如:
classes,boxes,matches,brushes…
(3)+y结尾,变y为i+es,如:
city-cities,country-countries,party-parties…
(4)+y结尾,直接加s,boy-boys,toy-toys…
(5)以f,fe结尾的,一般情况需要变f,fe为,如:
wife,knife,wolf,self,thief,shelf,leaf,life
口诀:
但是有些特殊词汇直接加s,如:
口诀:
长颈鹿站在屋顶上,眺望海湾、挥舞手帕。
注意:
scarf可以加s也可以变f为v+es.
(6)以o结尾,记住这些需要加es:
口诀:
黑人和英雄在火山上用土豆西红柿和芒果砸死一只蚊子。
注意:
mango可以加s也可以加es.
不规则变化
(1)中间结尾特殊变:
ox-,foot-,tooth-,goose-,man-,woman-,child-,mouse-.
(2)单复同形:
(3)特殊肉类:
鱼:
;;
鸡:
;
(4)八国联军(请写出常见国人的复数):
口诀:
中日两瑞永不变,英法荷兰a变e,其他s加后边,尤其小心德国人。
☆名词短语变复数规则变化
一般情况下把后面名词复数:
girlstudent-;boystudent-
不规则变化
(1)男人女人:
manteacher-;womanteacher-
口诀:
男人前后都变
(2)有主体:
father-in-law-
(3)无主体:
go-between-;forget-me-not-
口诀:
有主体变主体,没主体加后面
★不可数名词用法
(1)不可数名词特征:
a.
b.
c.
常见量词搭配:
aofchocolateaofrice
aoftea…
量词用法:
只修饰可数名词
只修饰不可数名词
可修饰可数也可以
修饰不可数名词
★名词所有格有生命的:
(1)某人的:
thegirl’smother
(2)规则复数名词:
thetwogirls’mother
(3)不规则复数名词:
children’sbook
(3)共同拥有,.
(4)分别拥有,.无生命的:
无生命的
(1)=B的A
(2)变态所有格:
表国家或城市:
(中国的首都)
(3)变态所有格:
表时间或者距离:
(一月的时间;三个小时的车程)
特殊:
*表节日需注意:
(母亲节;儿童节;教师节)
*双重所有格:
:
表示整体的一个或一部分例:
爸爸众多朋友当中的一人
*表住宅、店铺、诊所:
在医务所在Tina家里
代词
★人称代词
1.分为。
2.使用规则:
动词前-,动词或介词后-
3.排序:
最前,最后,男在前,女在后。
注意:
承认错误,担当责任时,最前。
★物主代词
1.分为。
2.使用规则:
形容词性物主代词+名词=物主代词
★反身代词
1.常用短语:
玩得高兴
makeoneselfathome
照顾某人有礼貌
expressoneself
talktooneself
请随便吃…
cometooneself
给自己穿衣服迷路,迷失独立,独自
人称代词、物主代词及反身代词总表
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
单数
主格
宾格
形容词性
名词性
复数
★疑问代词&指示代词
疑问代词:
(可充当名词、名词短语和句子)指示代词:
同一类:
this
these
同一个:
It
that
those
★不定代词
1.某些某些
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
some
any
例句:
Ihavesomeworktodotoday.Youcantakeanyofthebookshere.Theydidn’thaveanyfriendshere.Haveyougotanyquestionstoask?
Wouldyoulikesomemoney?
Doyouwantsomecoffee?
2.多多少少
几乎没有
还有一点
许多
不可数
可数
【注意】
①.当前面有just,still,only,quite时,后常用
②.quiteafew与onlyafew的区别
quiteafew意为“”,onlyafew意为“”例句:
He'sbeenbusywiththisforquiteafewdays.
Ihavespentafewdays,butwalkedonlyafewplaces.
3.复合不定代词
thing
body
one
some
something
somebody
someone
any
anything
anybody
anyone
no
nothing
nobody
noone
every
everything
everybody
everyone
注意:
①.形容词修饰复合不定代词,形容词
②.else与复合不定代词的摆放位置:
例句:
Hesaidnothinginteresting.
Doyouwantanythingelse?
4.三三两两
都
都不
之一
每个
范围
总=2
总>3
注意:
意为“不是...就是...;要么...要么...”
意为“既不…也不…”
例句:
Sheiseitherdrunkormad.
NeithershenorIknew.
人/物
与of连用
提问方式
none
回答的提问
noone/nobody
回答的提问
nothing
回答的提问
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读理解
Happinessisimportantforeveryone.Mostpeoplewanttobehappy,butfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Hereisastorytohelpyou.
Onceabirdlivedunhappily.Soittraveledfarawaytolookforitshappiness.
Itflewandflew.Suddenlyitsawaspiderclimbingupawall.Thespiderfelloffthewallhalfway.Butitkeptclimbingagainandfelloffagain.Evenso,thespiderdidn'tgiveup.Thelittlebirdaskedthespiderinsurprise."Whydon'tyouhavepainbuthappinessonyourfacethoughyoufailagainandagain?
"
"BecauseIkeepmakingmyefforts.I'mhappy."saidthespider.
Thenthelittlebirdsawithappinessisawillintheheart.
Thebirdcontinuedflyingandsawalameduckhelpalittleduckwhogotlosttofindthewaybackhome.Althoughitwasdisabled,ithadasmilingface.
"I'mhappybecauseIcanhelpothers."saidthelameduck.
Sothebirdsawithappinessisaloveintheheart.
Thebirdwentonflyingandsuddenlysawalittledyingflower,whosefacewasfullofsmile.Thebirddidn'tknowthereason.Soitaskedthelittleflower,"You'regoingtodie.Whyareyoustillsohappy?
"
"Becausemydreamwillcometrue,"saidthelittleflower.
"Whatisyourdream?
"
"Toproducesweetfruit."
Thelittlebirdsawit:
happinessisahopeintheheart.
Sothelittlebirdnomorelookedforhappinessbecauseithadseenthetruthhappinessisnotinthefarawayplacebutinyourownheart.Youarethemakerofyourownhappiness.
(1)Whonevergaveupthoughitfailedagainandagaininthispassage?
A. Thebird B. Thespider. C. Theflower. D. Theduck.
(2)Whyisthelittledyingflowerstillsohappy?
A. Becauseitoftenhelpsothers.
B. Becauseit'llproducesourfruit.
C. Becauseithasahopeintheheart.
D. Becauseitkeepsclimbingupawall.
(3)Whatcanweknowfromthestory?
A. Thebirdfoundhappinessinitsownheart.
B. Thebirdfoundhappinessinthefarawayplace.
C. Thebirddidn'tknowwherehappinesswasatlast.
D. Thelameduckwasn'thappybecauseithadtohelpothers.
(4)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A. Happinessisimportantforeveryone. B. Manypeopleknowhowtofindhappiness.
C. Wemakehappinessbyourselves.
D. Thewaytohappinessistohaveadream,tohelpothersandnottogiveup.
(5)Thepassageismainlyabout .
A. will
B. hope
C. love
D. happiness
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
(5)D
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
本文讲述了一只鸟想去远方寻找幸福,在路上,它从一只蜘蛛身上知道了幸福就是心中的信念,从一只鸭子身上知道了幸福就是心中的爱,从一朵花身上知道了幸福就是心中的希望。
于是它不再去寻找幸福了,因为它知道,幸福不在远方,而是在自己的心中。
(1)细节理解题。
根据Thespiderfelloffthewallhalfway.Butitkeptclimbingagainandfelloffagain.Evenso,thespiderdidn'tgiveup.可知,蜘蛛一次又一次的失败,却从未放弃过,故选B。
(2)细节理解题。
根据“Becausemydreamwillcometrue,”saidthelittleflower.“Whatisyourdream?
”“Toproducesweetfruit.”Thelittlebirdsawit:
happinessisahopeintheheart.可知,因为这朵即将凋谢的小花心中有希望,故选C。
(3)理解归纳题。
根据Sothelittlebirdnomorelookedforhappinessbecauseithadseenthetruthhappinessisnotinthefarawayplacebutinyourownheart.可知,鸟儿在自己的心中找到了幸福,故选A。
(4)理解判断题。
A、幸福对每个人都很重要;根据Happinessisimportantforeveryone.可知A选项正确。
B、许多人知道如何找到幸福;根据Mostpeoplewanttobehappy,butfewknowhowtofindhappiness.可知B选项错误。
C、我们自己创造幸福;根据Youarethemakerofyourownhappiness.可知C选项正确。
D、幸福的道路是有一个梦想,帮助别人而不是放弃;阅读全文,通过蜘蛛的不放弃、鸭子的帮助他人、小花心中的希望,可知,幸福不在远方,而是在自己的心中。
所以D选项的描述是正确的。
故选B。
(5)主旨大意题。
根据Mostpeoplewanttobehappy,butfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Hereisastorytohelpyou.可知,本文主要是讲述了人们如何去找到幸福,故选D。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。
要快速浏览全文,掌握主旨和大意,特别注意文章的主题句,理出作者的写作思路。
要尽快浏览课文后的思考题,尽量带着问题读。
完成事实细节题时,要找到定位句。
遇到推理判断题时,要注意作者的态度和命题人的意图,不可从个人的经验出发。
最后确定问题答案。
2.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
WhenJanandBrianDutchermovedtoSanDiegoforBrian'snewbasketballcoachingjobattheuniversity,theneighbourssmiledandintroducedthemselves.Buttherewereno"bringaplate"invitations,norecipe(食谱)sharingandnocarpoolingforherdaughtersLiza,12,andErin,15."Thefamiliesreallydidn'tknoweachother,andwemissedthat."saysJan."Wehavemovedalotandarefarfromrelatives.Neighboursareourfamily."
SoJandecidedtorepeataprojectshehaddoneforLiza'sfifth-gradeclass:
askeachpersontopainthisorherfaceonabigcanvas(帆布).ThefinishedpiecewouldbecometheDutchers'newfamilypicture.
First,Janpaintedagrid(网格)onthecanvasandputitLiponaboardinthegarage(车库),nexttoatableofpaints.Thenwhenevershewashome,the"artroom"doorwasup,withanopeninvitationforneighbourstopaintasquare.Thefirsttostopinwerekidsridingbyontheirbikes."Theythoughtitwascool,"saysJan,buttheadultsweren'tsointerestedinit."Mostsaidtheyhadn'tpickedupapaintbrushsinceprimaryschool,"shesays."Theywereafraidthey'dmessitup.Butaswordslowlyspread,theycame,someusingtheirdriver'slicencephotosasmodels.
Thensomethingstartedtohappen.Theycameback-toseewhohadpainted,oriftheycouldfindoutwhowaswho.WhileinJan'sgarage,theybegantochataboutnews,schools,jobsandfamilies.Almostdaily.WendySchucholz,wholivedacrossthestreetandwasfightingaseriousillness,cameinherwheelchairtowatchthefun.Neighboursbegantooffertheirsupport.
WhentheworsthappenedandWendydied,theystoodbyherhusband,Bill,andinvitedhimoverfordinners.
Thisyearhasbeendifferentintheneighbourhood.Familiestaketurnshostinghappyhours.Theysharebirthdaysandswiminoneanother'spools."We'rewatchingovereachothernow,"saysJan."Justlikeinthepainting."
(1)WhentheDutcherfamilylivedinSanDiego,theyfeltabit_____atthebeginning.
A. excited
B. sad
C. interested
D. worried
(2)WheredidJanstartherartproject?
A. Atthesquare.
B. IntheStreet.
C. Attheuniversity.
D. Inthegarage.
(3)BytellingthestoryofWendy,thewriterwantstoshowthat_____.
A. Billmademanynewfriends
B. Wendywasseriouslysick
C. theprojectbroughtsomethinggood D. paintingwasawayofsupporting
(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. NewPlace.BrighteterFaces B. ArtRoomorGarage
C. PaintingFaces,HappyHours
D. NeighboursandFamilies
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
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