健康饮食类五年高考英语阅读理解话题分类精校解析Word版.docx
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健康饮食类五年高考英语阅读理解话题分类精校解析Word版.docx
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健康饮食类五年高考英语阅读理解话题分类精校解析Word版
高考英语真题阅读理解
专题08
健康饮食类
"饮食与健康"是高中英语新课标话题当中非常重要的两个话题,饮食与健康自古以来都是人们所关心的重大问题,尤其是随着社会进步和人们物质生活水平的提高,食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们空前的关注,因此顺应时代潮流,高考英语对这两个话题更是有所体现。
由于饮食与健康是热点话题,高考英语中对这两个话题会涉及较多的考查内容,常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式出现,例如2018年新课标卷II阅读理解B篇,2017年新课标卷I语言知识运用的第二节(语法填空),2016年四川卷阅读理解D篇,2016年全国卷Ⅲ七选五,2015年广东卷基础写作,2015课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇,2013新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇等。
Passage1(2018年新课标卷II)
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
几种水果各自的营养价值和健康功效
268
★★★☆☆
7分钟
ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.
Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?
However,theyarerichinvitaminC.
Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.
Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.
1.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?
A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.
C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.
2.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?
A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.
C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.
3.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?
A.Adessert.B.Adrink.
C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.
4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.
C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.
【文章大意】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。
文章主要介绍并比较了几种水果各自的营养价值和健康功效,并列出了一些食用这些水果的方法。
3.D【解析】词义猜测题。
根据最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知,孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部,然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。
故可以推出ajuicer就是一台机器。
故选D。
Passage2(2016年天津卷)
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
失败原因及客服方法
383
★★★☆☆
7分钟
Failureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding.
Weexperiencethistirednessintwoways:
asstart-upfatigue(疲惫)andperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseithaseithertooboringortoodifficult.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.
Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones.Thesolutionisobviousthoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:
alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.
Yearsago,Iwasaskedtowrite102essaysonthegreatideasofsomefamousauthors.Applyingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritetheminalphabeticalorder(按字母顺序),neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.AndIalwaysstartedtheday’sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Experienceprovedthattheruleworks.
Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan—thenlettheunconscioustakeover.
WhenplanningEncyclopaediaBritannica(《大英百科全书》),Ihadtocreateatableofcontentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsolutions,butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.
Oneday,mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.Relieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.
Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind.Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.ThoughIworkedashardasbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.
Humanbeings,Ibelievemusttrytosucceed.Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.
51.Peoplewithstart-upfatiguearemostlikelyto_____________.
A.delaytasksB.workhard
C.seekhelpD.acceptfailure
52.Whatdoestheauthorrecommenddoingtopreventstart-upfatigue?
A.Writingessaysinstrictorder.B.Buildingupphysicalstrength.
C.Leavingoutthetoughestideas.D.Dealingwiththehardesttaskfirst.
53.Onwhatoccasiondoesapersonprobablysufferfromperformancefatigue?
A.Beforestartingadifficulttask.
B.Whenallthesolutionsfail.
C.Ifthejobisratherboring.
D.Afterfindingawayout.
54.Accordingtotheauthor,theunconsciousmindmayhelpus_____________.
A.ignorementalproblemsB.getsomenicesleep
C.gaincompletereliefD.findtherightsolution
55.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.SuccessIsBuiltuponFailure
B.HowtoHandlePerformanceFatigue
C.GettingoverFatigue:
AWaytoSuccess
D.Fatigue:
AnEarlySignofHealthProblems
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文章。
文章主要介绍每个人都希望成功,但是人们在实施任务的时候会出现启动疲惫和表现疲惫,这是造成失败的两种原因,并介绍了如何克服这两种疲惫。
53.B【解析】考查细节理解。
根据第五段的句子Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle可知,当所有的解决方法都失败的时候,一个人可能会有表现疲惫。
故选B。
Passage3(2016·四川卷)
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系
247
★★★☆☆
8分钟
Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight’ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.
Researchershavediscoveredthat"nightmilk"containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.
Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.
Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedin The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.
Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.
Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.
Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.
1.Accordingtothetext,themicefedwithdaytimemilk .
A.startedsleepmoreeasilyB.weremoreanxious
C.werelessactiveD.wokeuplater
2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?
A.It’sbeentestedonmicefortentimes.
B.Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.
C.Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.
D.It’susedinsleepingdrugs.
3.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.NightMilkandSleepB.Fat,SugarandHealth
C.AnExperimentonMiceD.MilkDrinkingandHealth
4.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?
A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bystatingarguments.
C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D.Byprovidingresearchresults.
【文章大意】本文介绍了晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系。
33.D【解析】推理判断题。
根据第六段中的“takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight”可知D项符合题意。
34.A【解析】主旨大意题。
综合全文可知,本文讲的是晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系。
故A项符合题意。
35.D【解析】推理判断题。
根据前三段中的Butnowastudy,Researchershavediscoveredthat和Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea可知作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。
故选D。
Passage4(2015·新课标II卷)
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
装饰、食物、体型
319
★★☆☆☆
6分钟
Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofdietplan.
Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces-andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.
Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.
Don’tforgettheclock-ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheir
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