动词不定式的用法及练习.docx

动词不定式的用法及练习.docx

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动词不定式的用法及练习

动词不定式的用法

动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。

一、作主语

动词不定式作主语可位于句首。

例如:

Tolearnaskillisveryimportantforeveryoneinsociety.

也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。

例如:

Itisnecessaryforyoungstudentstolearnaforeignlanguage.

动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:

1.Itis+adj./n.（+forsb./sth.+todosth.

用于此句型的形容词有:

easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,interesting,surprising等。

例如:

Itisinterestingtoplaythisgame.

Itisnecessaryforyoutochangeyourjob.

Itwasimpossibleforthemtocompletethetaskinsuchashorttime.

考例1:

Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?

（88MET

A.now

B.man

C.that

D.it

用于此句型的名词有:

pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’sjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。

例如:

Whatapityitisforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderfulfilm.

Itisgoodmannersfortheyoungtogivetheirseatstotheold.

2.Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.

该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词,如:

kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。

例如:

Howrudeitwasoftheboytojumpthequeue!

Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeelathomeintheirhouse.

Howsillyitwasofyoutogiveupsuchagoodchance!

3.Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.

该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。

例如:

Ittookushalfanhourtoridetothetownbybike.

二、作表语

动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构:

Mywish/job/aim/goalis…及Thenextstep/measureis…等。

例如:

Yourjobistotypethepapersintheoffice.

Thenextmeasureistostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.

三、作宾语

常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:

agree,choose,decide,hope,fail,wish,refuse,expect,manage,plan,intend,pretend,promise,offer,afford,demand,arrange等。

例如:

Theydecidedtobuildahighwaybetweenthesetwocities.

SheofferedtohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.

believe,think,consider,feel,make等动词可用于“动词+it+adj./n+todosth.”句型,其中使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。

例如:

Ithinkitnecessaryforustohaveagoodrestafterthelongwork.

Shefeltitherdutytohelptheoldwoman.

四、作宾补

可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有:

advise,allow,ask,hear,order,see,tell,want,wish,watch等。

例如:

Thedoctoradvisedhernotoeattoomuchsugar.

Iwishyoutogotothemeetingwithme.

believe,consider,count,declare,deny,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,think等动词后可接tobe型不定式作宾补。

例如:

Hedeclaredhimselftobeacollegestudent.他自称是名大学生。

Thepoliceprovedhimtobeathief.警察局证实他是小偷。

hope,demand,suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。

例如:

【误】Ihopemysontobebacksoon.

【正】Ihopemysonwillbebacksoon.

【误】Shesuggestsustohaveadiscussionaboutit.

【正】Sheadvisesustohaveadiscussionaboutit.

【正】Shesuggeststhatwe（shouldhaveadiscussionaboutit.

在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:

“五看”（see,watch,notice,observe,lookat“三使”（make,let,have“两听”（hear,listento“一感觉”（feel。

例如:

Whomadehimworkallnightlong?

但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。

例如:

Hewasseentobreakthewindow.

五、作定语

动词不定式作定语,应位于所修饰词语之后,即:

作后置定语。

例如:

Haveyougotanythingtoeat?

（toeat修饰anything,位于其后

下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:

ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。

例如:

Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.

由only,first,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后,也常接不定式作定语。

例如:

Whowasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomlastnight?

六、作状语

动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。

例如:

Wewenttheretoseeourgrandparents.（目的

Iamverysorrytohearthat.（原因

Shehurriedhomeonlytofindherfatherdead.（结果

Tolookatthepicture,youwouldlikeit.（条件

作目的状语,还可以使用inorderto或soasto。

例如:

Theboyworkedsohardinordertomakeupforthelosttime.

结果状语还可以使用enoughto,too…to…,so…asto,such…asto等结构。

例如:

Hegotuptoolatetomisstheearlybus.

Shewasinsuchahurryasnottonoticeme.她如此匆忙,以致没有注意到我。

1.Wouldyoupleasetellmenext?

A.howtodo

B.whattodo

C.whatdoIdo

D.howIshoulddo

2.Thegirlwasn'ttoliftthatbookcase.

A.toostrong

B.enoughstrong

C.strongenough

D.sostrong

3.Foratimehisgrandmotherfoundaccepthisnewidea.

A.hard

B.ithard

C.ithardto

D.itishardto

4.Asshehasneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeone

hertheway.A.showB.toshowC.showingD.showed

5.Youdriveslowly.Theroadsarewet.

A.hadrather

B.wouldrather

C.hadbetter

D.wouldbetter

6.Nothingcanmakethebravesoldierhiscountry.

A.turnagainst

B.toturnagainst

C.toturnto

D.turnto

7.Intheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorajob.

A.find

B.tofind

C.look

D.tolookfor

8.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,tryourbestthe

spiritofit.

A.master

B.hold

C.takeholdof

D.tomaster

9.Itwasfoolishhiscarunlocked.

A.forhimtoleave

B.ofhimtoleave

C.forhimleave

D.himtoleave

10.Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.

A.puttingback

B.putback

C.toputback

D.willputback

11.Napoleonspokesoloudlyastoinfrontofhissoldiers.

A.hear

B.beheard

C.listen

D.belistenedto

12.Televisionandradiotoknowwhatisgoingonall

overtheworld.

A.madeitpossibleofus

C.havemadeitpossibleforus

D.havemadeitbepossibleforus

13.Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbevery

sorry.

A.forleaving

B.toleave

C.ifleaving

D.tohaveleft

14.Idon'tseehowIcouldpossiblemanagethework

without.

A.tofinish;helping

B.tofinish;beinghelped

C.finishing;helping

D.finishing;beinghelped

15.Weallthinkitmostfoolishthismistake.

A.foryoumaking

B.ofyoutomake

C.youtomake

D.foryoutomake

16.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityis

still.

A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedin

B.agoodplacetolive

C.agoodplacetolivein

D.agoodplacetolivefor

17.—Youwerelostonyourwaytothelake,weren'tyou?

—Yes,wewereandhadtostoptheway.

A.asking

B.toask

C.asked

D.tobeasked

18.Shefeltitagreatshamesoseverelyinthe

presenceofherboyfriend.

A.tocriticize

B.tohavecriticized

C.tobecriticized

D.tohavebeencriticized

19.Theadvertisementsaretryingpeopletobuythings

theydon'treallyneed.

A.persuade

B.persuading

C.bepersuading

D.topersuade

20.Ifyouweremuchyounger,Iwouldarrangeasthe

generalmanager,forallyourcolleaguesspeakhighlyofyourwork.

A.foryoutowork

B.ofyoutowork

C.foryouwork

D.youwork

21.Onourwaybackhome,welunchbecausewefelthungry.

A.stoppedtohave

B.stoptohave

C.stoppedhaving

D.stopedtohave

22.IdidnothingbutmylessonslastSunday.

A.goover

B.togoover

C.wentover

D.goon

23.I'dpreferhomeratherthanawalk.

A.tostay;totake

B.stay;totake

C.tostay;take

D.stay;take

24.Hewassofollishhiscarunlocked.

A.toleave

B.thatleave

C.astoleave

D.forhimtoleave

25.Yourflatneeds.Doyouwantmeitforyou?

A.toclean;todo

B.cleaning;doing

C.cleaning;todo

D.tobecleaned;doing

26.Whatthescientistsaidgreatlyencouragedusthe

experimentagain,buthissecretary'swordsdiscouragedusthe

experimentanymore.

A.totry;todo

B.totry;fromdoing

C.fortrying;fromdoing

D.trying;todo

27.waterbeforebreakfastseemedtothemarulenever.

A.Toget;breaks

B.Toget;tobreak

C.Getting;breaks

D.Get;tobreak

28.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodafteroperation.

A.toeatnot

B.eatingnot

C.nottoeat

D.noteating

29."Doyouhaveanyclothes__today,Sir?

"askedthemaidpolitely.

A.wash

B.tobewashed

C.towash

D.tobewashing

30.Mr.Greenhasneversmokedanymoresincehiswife

him.

A.suggested;togiveitup

B.persuaded;togiveupit

C.advised;togiveitup

D.persuaded;togiveitup

20.A