10 第十讲 名词性从句.docx
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10 第十讲 名词性从句.docx
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10第十讲名词性从句
第十讲名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句都用陈述语气,一般主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。
主从:
Whathesaidanddidmadeeveryoneangry.
宾从:
Ihope(that)youlikethegiftIgavetoyou.
表从:
That’swhyshewantedtoleave.
同为从:
WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcometotheparity.
引导名词性从句的连接词:
连接词
作用
例句
1从属连词
不充当从句的任何成分,
that
whether,if
无任何意义,在宾从中可以省略
有自己的意思“是否”
WhatIworriedaboutisthatIamnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.
Wewonderwhetherthenewsistrueornot.
Theyhaven’tdecidediftheywillmakeawaruponthatsmallcountry.
2连接代词
what,which,who,whom,whose,
whatever,whichever,whoever
在从句中充当主宾表定,不可省略
Whattheteachersaiddrewallthestudents’attention.
JapaneseandEnglish,Iwonderwhichoneshouldbechosentolearnfirst.
Whogaveusalecturecouldmakedifference.
WhomIreferredtoyesterdaywasoneofmyfriends.
Thebossaskedwhoseshoestheyare.
Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.
Whicheverofyouworksoutthequestionfistwillwon.
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.
3连接副词
when,where,why,how
在从句中充当状语
Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.
Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.
I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.
Idon’tknowhowtosolvethisproblem.
一主语从句(在复合句中作句子主语的从句)
连接词(不可省略)
例句
1从属连词引导
that
whether,(放句首只用whether),
if一般不引导主从
形式主语it.为了保持句子结构平衡,有时用it做形式主语,而将真正的主语放在位于部分之后。
Thatshewasabletocomemadeusveryhappy.(that句首不省略)
Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.
Whetherhewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.
Itisgoodnewstousthatweareinvitedtoaconcertthisevening.
Itisstillaquestionthatwhetherhewillcomeornot
2连接代词引导
what,which,who,whom,whose,
whatever,whichever,whoever
(what:
thething(s)that,有时也做前置定语,whathelp,whatfunnystory)
也可用形式主语it
Wh-ever引导的主从不能用形式主语it
Whattheyneedisagoodtextbook.
Whichanswerisrightisn’tknowntous.
Whowilldothatjobisnotyetdecided.
WhomIspoketolastSundayinthestreetwasmytutor.
Whosebookstheyareisyetunknown.
Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhowillpresideatthemeeting.
Whateverchangeswemakeinourplanswillbeannouncedlater.
Whichevershelikeswillbegivenher.
Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.
3连接副词引导when,where,why,how
也可用形式主语it
Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.
Whereshallweholdthemeetingwillbediscussedtoday.
Whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.
Howwecanpasstheexamisstillunsolved.
ItisnoneofyourbusinesswhereIspendmysummer.
◎It作形式主语情况小结
1Itisnecessary/important/surprise/strange/unthinkable/unbelievable/incrediable+that从句。
从句常用“(should)+动词原形”
Itisstrangethatyou(should)trustJane.
Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent(should)materoneortwoforeignlanguage.
2Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted/demanded+that从句。
从句常用“(should)+动词原形”
Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.
Itwasdecidedthatthey(should)starttheprojectthenextmonth.
3Itisapity/ashame/ourduty…+that从句
Itisapitythatyoudidn’tcometotheparty.
Itisourdutythatweshouldhelpthepeopleinneed.
4It+特殊动词+that从句
Itseem/happen/turnout/matter/occur…
Itseemstomethatyouobjecttotheplan.
IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.
Itreallymattersthatyouhaven’tturnup.
Itturnsoutthatourteamhaswonthegame.
Itoccurredtomethatweshouldgetintouchwiththemanager.
二宾语从句(在句中充当宾语的从句)
◎按连接词分类
连接词
例句
1从属连词引导
that(在口语和正式文体中常省略)
whether,if
Ihear(that)physicsisnoteasy.
Ibelieve(that)pricesmightgoupnextweek.
Iwillseewhether/ifIcanhelpyou.
Iaskedherwhether/ifImightcallandseeher.
2连接代词引导
what,which,who,whom,whose,
whatever,whichever,whoever
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.
Wedon’tknowwhichteamwillwinthematch.
Onlyyoucandecidewhoisthebestchoice.
Shecan’tfigureoutwhomhermotherspoketo.
Thebossaskedwhosefilestheyare.
We’lldowhateverthemanageraskedustodo.
Isaidhemighthavewhicheverheliked.
Giveittowhomeveryoulike.
★①CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSales,please?
A.anyoneB.someoneC.whoeverD.nomatterwho(不引导名从,只引导让步状从)
②Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater.
A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterhowC.WhateverD.However
3连接副词引导when,where,why,how
We’lldiscusswheretogotomorrow.
Iwonderwhenhewillcomebackhome.
Don’tyouknowwhywehaveputoffthesportsmeetingtillnextweek?
Wedon’tknowhowtodoit.
◎按作何种词的宾语分类
分类
例句
1谓语动词的宾语
大多动词和动词词组都可以跟宾从
注意:
可用it做形式宾语的宾从
①动词find,feel,consider,think,believe,make等后有宾语补足语的时候,组要用it做形式宾语,而将that宾从后置
②有些动词带宾从时需在宾语与从句之间加it.这类动词有hate,take,owe,have,seeto
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpaperbeforeyouturnthemin.
We’llmakehimwhateverheisfitfor.(间接宾语)
Hehasmadethecompanywhatitistoday.(宾补)
I’llcallthebabywhatevernameyoulike.(宾补)
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwater.
Ifounditimpossiblethattheyfiredalltheworkersonce.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.
Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.
Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.(会认为)
Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.(认为)
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisitsneutral.(一定要使汽车的离合处于空挡)
2介词的宾语
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
Thenewbookisabouthowthespaceshipwassentupintospace.
★--Couldyoudomeafavor?
--Itdependsonitis.
A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whaterve
3形容词的宾语
Sure,aware,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.
Hewasnotawarehowdangerousitwouldbe.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.
Itwasn’tcertainwhosehouseIwasin.
◎宾从的否定转移
1将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
Idon'tthinkIknowyou.
Idon'tbelievehewillcome.
注意:
若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
Ihopeyouweren'till.
★IthatJohncheatintheexam.
A.didn’tbelieve;thatB.believed;wouldn’tC.believed;didD.don’tbelieve;will
2将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.
Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.
3时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定
Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.
(not否定动名词短语having…)
It'snotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.
(anyone作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。
)
4有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定状语)
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because状语)
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatman'syoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty. (否定状语manyweeks)
◎doubt和sure后的宾从
Doubt
肯定句中—whether/if
否定句疑问句中--that
Wedoubtwhether/iftheycancompletetheworkaheadoftime.
Hedidn’tdoubtthattheywouldgivehimanotherchancetohaveatry.
Sure
肯定句—that
否定句—whether/if
I’msurethatexercisingisagoodwayoflosingweight.
I’mnotsurewhetherheisinnocent.
三表语从句(在系动词之后的从句)
连接词
例句
1从属连词
That
Whether(不用if)
ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddressaftertheearthquake.
Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletofindsurvivals.
2连接代词引导
what,which,who,whom,whose,
Thisiswhatwewant.
Thequestioniswhichofusshoulddothework.
Theproblemiswhocancompletethedifficulttask.
3连接副词引导when,where,why,how
WhatIwanttoknowiswhenwecanvisitDalian.
Thatiswheretheaccidenttookplace.
Thisiswhyshehadadayoffyesterday.
Thatishowhemanagedtoovercomethedifficulties.
4由连词because,asif,asthough引导
Thisisbecausewelaketheexperiencetooperatethemachine.
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
Itlooksasthoughheisgoingtodie.
四同位语从句(充当同位语的从句)
连接词
例句
1从属连词
That
Whether(不用if)
注意:
that引导的同从一般放在抽象名词后,说明这些名词的含义。
这些词也叫做先行词News,fact,truth,idea,belief,thought,opinion,wish,hope,statement,promise,explanation,reply,suggestion,advice,order,warning,feeling,doubt,possibility,probability,problem,question,report,understanding,fear
ThefactthatourteamhasbeatentheJapaneseteamisknowntoall.
Theproblemwhetherweshouldgoontodoithasn’tbeendecided.
2连接代词引导
what,which,who,whom,whose,
Ihavenoideawhathehadsaid.
IhavenoideawhichoneIshouldchoose.
Thequestionwhoshouldbethefirsthasn’tbeensettled.
3连接副词引导when,where,why,how
Theproblemwhereweshouldliveisstillunsolved.
Sheaskedthereasonwhytherewasadelay.
注意:
若同从是修饰主句的主语的,而主句谓语较短,就可以将同从放在主语谓语动词之后,从而形成分离
Thethoughtcametohimthathecouldusehismoneytobuyagiftforhismother.
Therumorspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.
◎定语从句和同位语从句的区别
从句
区别
例句
定语从句
形容词性质的,它的功能是修饰先行词,描述它的性质或特征
ThenewsthatweheardfromtheTVwastrue.
同位语从句
名词性质的,它的功能是对所说的名词做进一步的、补充性的解释。
这是指词语本身内容
Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonwastrue.
◎that和whether的区别
区别
例句
That只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,且无任何意义,在宾从中可以省略,但引导其他名从不省略。
表示从句的意义已经确定
注意:
但一个动词带有两个或两个以上的宾从时,第一个that可省略,第二个that不可省略
Ihope(that)youenjoyyourholiday.
Thathelikeyouisveryobvious.
Hesaid(that)hewouldcomehereandthathewouldtryhisbesttohelpus.
Whether起连接作用,不充当句子成分,但有实际意思,“是否”,表示从句的意义不确定。
引导宾从刻换为if,但其他名词不可换。
Thequestioniswhetherwecangetintouchwithher.
★典型例题
①theEXPOwillbeheldinShanghaima
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