北京科技大学硕士研究生入学考试初试专业课240单独考试英语试题.docx
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北京科技大学硕士研究生入学考试初试专业课240单独考试英语试题.docx
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北京科技大学硕士研究生入学考试初试专业课240单独考试英语试题
北京科技大学
2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
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试题编号:
240试题名称:
单独考试英语(共10页)
适用专业:
单独考试各专业
说明:
所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
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PartI:
Vocabulary(20minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)
SectionA
Directions:
Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
1.Ifyouyourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.
A.lessenB.moderateC.dismissD.overcome
2.Theprofessor'sargumentwasreasonable,buttheaudiencedidnotagreewithhisconclusion.
A.suspiciouslyB.seeminglyC.criticallyD.theoretically
3.IsupposeI'llhavetolookforajob;I'lleitherhavetofindarichwifeorstarve.
A.otherwiseB.that'swhyC.elseD.ontheotherhand
4.Manyphotographersprefertotakepictureswhentheycantakeadvantageofthespecialeffectsofthesettingsun.
A.attwilightB.atnoonC.inthemorningD.inthefall
5.Thefinancequestionmustbeansweredwithinordertorelievetheinvestors'fearsoffraud.
A.accuracyB.exactnessC.precisionD.correction
6.Thesurvivalofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.
A.ratioB.proportionC.rateD.scale
7.Sofarashecould,JohnhadalwaystriedtotheexamplehesawinLincoln.
A.liveuptoB.setforthC.callforD.cutout
8.Thestudentsgraduallyaknowledgeofthesubject.
A.acquiredB.attainedC.achievedD.obtained
9.Hedidn'topenlyattacktheplan,buthisoppositionwasinhisfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.
A.explicitB.implicitC.decisiveD.obvious
10.Thenewly-builtbridgethattheriverisconvenienttothepeoplelivinginthisarea.
A.traversesB.spansC.protectsD.overlooks
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,therearetensentenceswithonewordorphraseunderlinedeach.ChooseoneofthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedword.
11.Shedidn'topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwasimplicitinherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.
A.explicitB.obviousC.decisiveD.underlying
12.Whenhewasveryyoung,hewasafflictedwithparalysis.
A.troubledB.botheredC.influencedD.stricken
13.Shewasstillwritingawayfuriouslywhenthebellwent.
A.continuallyB.hardC.easilyD.continuously
14.AgooddictionaryisindispensableforlearningEnglish.
A.indifferentB.indivisibleC.essentialD.elective
15.Thesevereearthquakedamagedbuildingsaswellaspublicorpersonalpropertyinthem.
A.materialsB.substancesC.possessionsD.qualities
16.AtfirstIwasn'tabletoidentifymybrotherinthecrowdashehadchangedsomuchsincehisdeparture.
A.makeupB.makeoutC.makeforD.makein
17.Somepeoplepersistinthepracticeofsomeveryoldcustomsortraditionsjustbecausetheyenjoydoingso.
A.endureB.supportC.sticktoD.continuein
18.TheteachertoldstoriesaboutWashingtonandLincolninrespecttotheimportanceofbeinghonest.
A.inconnectionwithB.incaseof
C.alongwithD.togetherwith
19.Beinginfamousforhisdishonestyinbusinessmatters,themanhadfewfriends.
A.freshB.immediateC.notoriousD.famous
20.Hewasverycarefulinwhateverhedidlestsomethingunfavourablemightbewrittenintohisrecord.
A.ifonlyB.forfearthatC.unlessD.otherwise
PartIIClozeTest(20minutes,10points,1pointeach)
Directions:
Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthechoicesgivenbelow.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilashortbaracrossthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.
Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebases__21__thedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobe__22__inourpastexperience,whicharebroughtintothepresent__23__memory.
Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeep__24__availableforlateruse.Itincludesnotonly"remembering"thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryis__25__whenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.Memoryisalsoinvolvedwhenasix-year-olechildlearnstoswingabaseballbat.
Memory__26__notonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememory-storagecapacityofacomputer__27__thatofahumanbeing.Theinstant-accessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100000"words"--readyfor__28__use.AnaverageAmericanteenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningsofabout100000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotal__29__ofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffactsandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblem-solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson'smemoryisintermsofwordsand__30__ofwords.
21.A.ofB.toC.forD.on
22.A.keepB.foundC.soughtD.stored
23.A.byB.fromC.withD.in
24.A.experiencesB.basesC.observationsD.information
25.A.calledB.takenC.involvedD.included
26.A.existsB.appearsC.affectsD.seems
27.A.toB.withC.againstD.for
28.A.progressiveB.instructiveC.instantD.protective
29.A.dealB.numberC.mountD.amount
30.A.combinationsB.connectionsC.co-ordinationsD.collections
PartIIIReadingComprehension(60minutes,40points)
SectionA(30points,1.5pointseach)
Directions:
Inthisparttherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswers.ChoosetheoneyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Questions31-35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Allalongthechainofbiologicalevolution,theextinctionofspeciesappearstohavebeenastageintheprocessofadaptinggeneticlineagestochangingenvironmentalconditions.Althoughsomecatastrophicextinctionoccurrednaturally,producingtotallossofageneticline,suchcatastropheswerecomparativelyrare.Inmoderntimes,however,humanactivitieshavealteredthefundamentalnatureofthisprocess,resultinginnearlytotalgeneticlosses.
Itisnotdifficulttogaingeneralagreementthatman-inducedincreasesintheendangermentandextinctionofwildlife-whetherduetohabitatalterationorloss,pollution,insufficientlyregulatedhunting,orotherfactors-areundesirable.Itis,however,moredifficulttoobtainconsensuswhenconsiderationisgiventotheeconomiccostsofcorrectingsuchtrends,includingnaturalhabitatpreservation,regulationofpesticidesandothertoxicsubstances,andwildlifeandparkmanagement.Endangeredspeciesoftenare,ineffect,competitorswithhumansforhabitatandotherresourceswhichalsoprovideotherkindsofhumanusesandneeds.
Measuresneededtoprotectendangeredspeciesvaryconsiderablyindifficultyandcost.Oftheapproximately400invertebratespecieswhichatpresentappeartobethreatened,forexample,aboutone-thirdcouldprobablyberestoredbysuchinexpensivemeansasmodifyingtheboundariesofdesignatednaturalareas,acquiringandprotectingcavesandothersmallareaswhichcontaintheparticularspecies,andadditionalmanagementofparksandrefuges.
Anotherone-thirdoftheendangeredloweranimalspeciesarethreatenedprincipallybywaterpollutionandcouldbeprotectedbyimprovedcontrol,particularlyoffivesouthernrivers.
Theremainingone-thirdofthe400endangeredshellfishspecieswouldbeconsiderablymoredifficulttoprotect.Thesearethreatenedbycomplexfactors,suchasovercorrecting,channelization,highwayandhousingdevelopment,dams,introducedspeciessuchastheAsiansnail,dredging,quarrywashing,poorerosioncontrol,andloweringofwatertables.
Theidentificationofthreatenedspeciesandothersignificantwildlifetrendsmustprecedeanycorrectivemeasures,andourknowledgebaseformakingsuchidentificationisdeficientinmanyrespects.Ourpresentlistsofthreatenedspeciesandsubspeciesareknowntobeincomplete,exceptinthosegeographicalareaswhichcontainhabitatsofspeciesthathaveimportantcommercialorsportsharvestvalue.
31.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing________.
A.thecatastrophesinhistorywhichcausedtheextinctionoftotalspecies
B.thewaystoprotectendangeredspecies
C.thecharacteristicsofthreatenedspecies
D.thesignificanceofprotectingthreatenedspecies
32.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardtheviewthatitiscatastrophesthatresultinthetotalgeneticlosses?
A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Enthusiastic.
33.Withwhichifthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?
A.Peoplehaven'trealizedtheimpactofhumanactivitiesontheextinctionofwildlife.
B.Itisdifficultforpeopletoagreetoprotectendangeredspeciesatconsiderableecono
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