三维电子地图中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
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三维电子地图中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
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三维电子地图中英文对照外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
中英文资料翻译
TheDesignandImplementationof3DElectronicMapofCampusBasedonWEBGIS
I.INTRODUCTION
Nowadays,digitalizationandinformatizationarethethemeofourtimes.Withthedevelopmentofinformationrevolutionandcomputerscience,computertechnologyhaspenetratedintoallfieldsofscienceandcausedmanyrevolutionarychangesinthesesubjects,theancientcartographyalsocan'tescape.Withthetechnicalandculturalconstantlyprogress,theformandthecontentofthemapchangeandupdateaswell.Asthecomputergraphics,geographicinformationsystems(GIS)constantlyappliedtotheWeb,theconventionalwayoffabricationanddemonstrationhassufferedgreatchange,andtheapplicationoftheMaphasextendeddramaticallyowingtothedevelopmentofadvancedinformationtechnology.Underthesecircumstances,cartographywillbefacedwithpromisingprospect.Ithasbranchedoutintomanynewproducts.Oneoftheproductscomeintobeingisthee-map[1].Withtherapiddevelopmentofthecomputertechnology,computergraphicstheory,remotesensingtechnology,photogrammetrictechnologyandotherrelatedtechnology.Usersrequirehandlingandanalysisofthree-dimensionvisualization,dynamicinteractivityandshowtheirvariousgeo-relateddata,somuchattentionshouldbepaidtotheresearchofthreedimensionalmaps.ThisarticlebasedontheNortheastPetroleumUniversityanditssurroundingsdesignsandcreatesthethree-dimensionalelectronicmap.
II.FUNCTIONDESIGN
Three-dimensionalelectronicmapsystemofcampusbasedonWEBGIShasgeneralcharacteristicsofthecommonmaps.Throughpressingthearrowkeys(Up,Down,Left,AndRight)onthekeyboard,onecanmakethemapmovetowardsthecorrespondingdirectionoftranslation.Throughdraggingmouse,onecanseewhereverhelikes.Usingthemousewheel,youcancontrolamap'smagnitude,accordingtotheuser'sneedstoviewdifferentlevelsofmap.Thelowerleftofthemapwherewilldisplaythecurrentcoordinateofthemouseonthemap.Inadivlayer,wedepictahotspotofnewbuildings,thislayercanbedisplayedaccordingtothedifferentmaplayers,italsocanautomaticallyscale.Byclickingonhotspots,itcanshowthehotspot'sspecificinformation.Onecanalsotypeintothequeryinformationbasedonhisneed,andgetsomerelevantinformation.Inaddition,onecanchoosetocheckthethreedimensionalmapsandsatellitemapsthroughclickingthemouse.
Majorfunctions:
•Userinformationmanagement:
Checktheusernameandpassword,setlevelcertificationdependingonthepermissions,allowusersofdifferentpermissionstologinthesystemviatheInternet.
•TheinquiryofLocationinformation:
Systemcanprovideuserswithfuzzyinquiresandquicklocation.
•Mapmanagement:
Implementloadingmaps,mapinquires,layermanagement,andothercommonoperationssuchasdistancemeasurement,andmapszoom,eagleeye,labels,printing,andmore.
•Roamthemap:
Usetheupanddownkeystoroamanyareaofthemap,ordrag-and-dropdirectly.
III.THEPROCESSOFSYSTEMDEVELOPMENT
Tothefirst,wecollecttheinformationwhichcontainstheoutwardappearanceofarchitecturalbuildings,theshapeofthetreesthedesignoftheroads.Andthen,weconstructthreedimensionalsceneswith3DSMAXsoftware[2].Thatistosaywerenderthesceneandachievethehigh-defmitionmap,afterthatwecutthemapintosmallpictureswiththecutfigureprogram,atlastwebuiltthehtmlpageswhichcanasynchronousloadmapsandachievethefunctionoftheelectronicmaps.TheflowchartofthesystemdevelopmentwillbeshowninFigure1:
Figure1systemdevelopmentflowchart
Traditionalmapshavestrictrequirementsonmathematicallaws,mapsymbolsandcartographicgeneralizationwhenindesign.Theproductionofnetworklandscapeelectronicmapalsohasitsowntechnicalstandardswhichissuperiortothetraditionalmap.Thethree-dimensionalelectronicmaphasdifferentzoomlevels;thereforeitneedsnotthestrictscalebuttheunifiedproductionstandards.Mapsymbolusuallyimitatetherealworldasmuchaspossibleandsimplifyitselfatthesametime.Thescopeofthescreenisfargreaterthanthefixedvisionofpaperymaps.Cartographicgeneralizationsthinkmuchofthebalancebetweentheabstractmodelandtheactualperformanceresults.
Asforthedataacquisitionandmanagement,suchastheintroductionandtheinformationusersobtainedfromthemaparefinalresultsofdataacquisition.Inthebeginning,wecollecttheneededdataincludingthename,theaddress,theintroductionandthedigitalphotosofthebuildingsandprepareforthesubsequentthree-dimensionalmodeling.Aftercollectingthedata,weshouldpayattentiontoarchivalandbackupthefilesincaseofloss.
Inordertogetthemap,agoodpreparationofthedesignofthestandardsceneisnecessary.Wesettheparameteroftheunderlay,lights,altitudes,rendereffectsandsoon,soastoensurethefinalfruitofoureffortwillhaveauniformeffect.Thespatialentity'sperformancesusuallyshowupastheformofspot,lineandsurfaceinthethree-dimensionalelectronicmap.
Comparedwithvectorgraphics,thegridgraphicshaveunparalleledadvantages.ThecombinationofthegridgraphicsandtheWEBGIS'sbackgroundpublishingtechnologycanimprovetheresponsespeedofsystemandsavesystem'sinputs.SystemachievestheinteractionwiththemapwiththeJavaScriptlanguages.Seeingthatthereliedifferencesinsupportingthescriptinglanguagesonvariousbrowsers,testingallkindsoffunctionsbydifferentbrowsersisacrucialstep.
IV.KEYTECHNOLOGIES
Thedevelopmentsofthree-dimensionalelectronicmapsareinseparablewiththedevelopmentofrelatedareas,anditlearnsresearchmethods,techniquesandtoolsfromotherareas.Whiletheresearchesofotherareasaredirectlyappliedtothedevelopmentandconstructionofthree-dimensionalelectronicmap,andComputergraphics,3-DGIS,VirtualRealityandGeographicDataBase,themodelingofvirtualsceneandsobecamethetechnicalsupportofthethree-dimensionalelectronicmapsystem.
TheWEBGIStechnologyonwhichthree-dimensionalelectronicmapsystemofcampusbasedisastandardSoftwaretechnologywhichmeanswithoutanycommercialsoftware'ssupport.DuringthedevelopmentofthesystemwemakeuseofthecommonavailabletechnologywhichincludestheJavaScripttechnology,Ajaxtechnology,XMLtechnology,etc.
Ajaxisnotaonefoldtechnology,itisamixturewhichmixesmultipletechnologiestogether,includingthedocumentobjectwhichusedtodisplayonthewebanditshierarchicalstructuredocumentobjectmodelDOM,andCSSthatusedtodefinetheelementsofstyle,anddataexchangeformatXMLorJSON,implementationandasynchronousserverofXMLHttpRequestandclientscriptlanguageJavaScript[3].Ajaxtakesadvantageofnon-synchronousinteractiontechnologywhichmeansthereisnoneedtoupdatepages;therefore,itwilllessentheuser'swaitingtimebothpsychologicallyandphysically.Thatiswhyitwillbeeasiertobeacceptedbypublic.
EXTisanexcellentAjaxframeworkwritteninJavaScript;ithasnothingtodowiththeback-endtechnologyandcanbeusedtodeveloprichclientapplicationswithagorgeousappearance.ThesystemenablestheEXTcombinedwithJSPtoachievetheotherpagefunctionsoftheelectronicmap.ThesystemcombinestheEXTwiththePrototypewhoseframeworkbearstheburdenofcreatingarichclientandahighlyinteractiveWebapplication,whichrealizestheapplicationoftherichclientefficientlyandmanagethesafetyoftheclientinasafewaythatcouldbecontrolled.
JavaScriptistheprincipletechnologyofthesystemduringthedesignandtheimplementationprocess.Itallowsavarietyoftaskswhichcanbecompletedsolelyontheclient,andwithouttheparticipationofthenetworkandserverwhichusedtosupportthedistributedcomputingandprocessing,andthereforereducingtheinvisiblewasteofresources.JavaScriptallowsneithertheaccesstothelocalharddisk,northedatatobesavedtotheserver,letalonetomodifyanddeletenetworkdocuments.ThesinglewaytobrowsetheWebinformationandrealizedynamicinteractionisthroughthebrowser,whichcaneffectivelyguardagainstthedata-loss,consequentlythesystemreachesahighsecuritycoefficient.JavaScriptcanbeusedtocustomizethebrowseraccordingtothediverseusers,themoreuser-friendlythedesignofwebpagesis,theeasierthemethodfortheuserstomaster.JavaScripttechnologymeansthroughthesmall-blockapproachtorealizetheprogramming.Justastheotherscriptinglanguages,JavaScriptisalsoaninterpretedlanguage;itoffersaconvenientdevelopmentenvironment.
Inthissystem,wetakeadvantageofJavaScriptscriptinglanguagetorealizethekeyfunctionssuchasloadingmaps,zoomingmaps,geographiclocation,andotherrelatedauxiliaryfunctions,i.e.mapicondisplay,ranging,eagleeye,tags.Oracledatabasemeetstheneedofthedatawhichisusedinbackstagemanagement,andtogetherwiththeJSP,XMLandHTMLtorealizetheuser'sauthenticationaswellasadding,deleting,revisingandinquiringinformation’s,etc.
ThemainfunctionofthesystemistorealizethethreedimensionalelectronicmapdisplayedinthebrowserthroughWEBGIStechnology.OwingtothecombinationofJavaScripttechnologyandWEBGISdevelopmentmodel,wecanreducethecostofthesystem,andatthesametimeimprovetheinteroperabilityandsystemperformance.ThankstotheapplicationofAJAXtechnology,wecanmakefurtherimprovementonloadingdynamicalmap.Allthetechnologiesweusewillreducethereactiontime,whichwi
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