北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析.docx
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北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析.docx
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北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析
.适用文档.
PartTwoStructureandWrittenExpression20%
Directions:
Foreachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedatthe
placemarked.MarkyourchoicesontheAnswerSheet.
11Whethertheextensionofconsciousnessisa“goodthingforhumanbeingisaquestionthat
awidesolution.
AadmitsofB.requiresofC.needsofD.seeksfor
12Inaculturelikeours,longallthingsasameansofcontrol,itissometimesabitofashocktobereminded
thatthemediumisthemessage.
Aaccustomedtosplitanddivided
Baccustomedtosplittinganddividing
Caccustomedtosplitanddividing
Daccustomedtosplittinganddivided
13Applepieisneithergoodnorbad;itisthewayitisusedthatdeterminesitsvalue.
A.atitselfB.asitselfC.onitselfD.initself
14usearlier,yourrequesttothefull.
A.Youhavecontactedwecouldcomplywith
B.Hadyoucontactedwecouldhavecompliedwith
C.Youhadcontactedcouldwehavecompliedwith
D.Haveyoucontactedwecouldcomplywith
15TheAmericanRevolutionhadnomedievallegalinstitutionsto
ortorootout,apartfrommonarchy.
A.discard
B.discreet
C.discord
D.disgorge
16.
Living
constantlyintheatmosphereofslave,
hebecameinfected
theunconscious
their
psychology.Noonecanshieldhimself
suchaninfluence.
A.onbyat
B.byforin
C.frominon
D.throughwithfrom
17.
Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety.Nowitappearstocreate
.
A.bore
B.bored
C.boredom
D.bordom
18.
Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequite
inthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.
A.lacked
B.lacking
C.forlackof
D.lackof
19.
Therearetoomanycomplainsaboutsociety
movetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine.
A.thathaveto
B.haveto
C.havingto
D.hasto
20.
Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow
forit.
A.nonetheworse
B.nonethebetter
C.neverworse
D.neverbetter
21.
Asthesilentfilm
sound,sodidthesoundfilm
color.
A.criedoutfor
criedoutfor
B.cryoutforcryoutfor
C.hadcriedoutforcriedoutfor
D.hadcriedoutforcryoutfor
22.
Whilehiseffortsweretremendoustheresultsappearedtobevery
.
A.trigger
B.meager
C.vigor
D.linger
23.
Westernmanishimselfbeingde-Westernizedbyhisownspeed-up,
byindustrialtechnology.
A.asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalized
B.theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalized
C.asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalized
D.asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized
24.
We
admirehiscourageandself-confidence.
.
.适用文档.
A.canbutB.cannotonlyC.cannotbutD.canonlybut
25.Inthe1930’s,whenmillionsofcomicbooksweretheyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedto
noticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical.
A.inundatingB.imitatingC.immolatingD.insulating
26.youpromiseyouwillworkhard,supportyoutocollege.
A.IfonlywillIB.OnlyIwill
C.OnlyifwillID.OnlyifIwill
27.ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfeltinventionasathreattohiswayoflife.
A.anyconcernwithB.anyconcernabout
C.anyconcerninD.anyconcernat
28.Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply
whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching.
A.resolvedB.absolvedC.dissolvedD.solved
29.Peoplearelivinglongerandnotsavingenough,whichmeanstheywilleitherhavetowork
longer,livelessinretirementorbailedbythegovernment.
A.inforupB.foronout
C.byinonD.onforout
30.Thecountrysdeficitthatyeartoarecord1698billiondollars
A.soaredB.souredC.soredD.sourced
PartThree:
CloseTest(10%)
Directions:
ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchooseONEbestwordforeachnumberedblank.Markyouranswerson
theAnswerSheet.
2021wastheworstyearfortherecordlabelsinadecade31was2021,andbeforethat2007and2006.Infact,
industryrevenueshavebeen32forthepast10years.Digitalsalesaregrowing,butnotasfastastraditionalsalesarefalling.
Maybethat’sbecauseillegaldownloadsaresoeasy.Peoplehavebeen33intellectualpropertyforcenturies,butitused
tobeatime-consumingwaytogeneratemarkedly34copies.Thesedays,high-qualitycopiesare35.Accordingto
thePewInternetproject,peopleusefile-sharingsoftwaremoreoftenthantheydoiTunesandotherlegalshops.
I’dliketobelieve,asmanyofmyfriendsseemto,thatthispracticewon’tdomuchharm.ButevenasI’veheardoverthe
pastdecadethatthingsweren’t36bad,thatthemusicindustrywasmovingtoanew,betterbusinessmodel,eachyear’s
numbershavebeenworse.Maybeit’stimetoadmitthatwemayneverfindawayto37consumerswhowantfreeentertainmentwithcreatorswhowanttogetpaid.
38onthisproblem,thecomputationalneuroscientistAndersSandbergrecentlynotedthatalthoughwehavestrong
instinctivefeelingsaboutownership,intellectualpropertydoesn’talways39thatframework.Theharmdoneby
individualactsofpiracyistoosmallandtooabstract.“Thenatureofintellectualproperty,hewrote,“makesithardto
maintainthesocialandempathic40thatkeep(s)usfromtakingeachother’sthings.
31.A.AsB.SameC.ThusD.So
32.A.stagnatingB.decliningC.increasingD.stultifying
33.A.takingB.robbingC.stealingD.pirating
34.A.upgradedB.inferiorC.ineffectiveD.preferable
35.A.numerousB.ubiquitousC.accessibleD.effortless
36.A.soB.thisC.thatD.much
37.A.satisfyB.helpC.reconcileD.equate
38.A.BasedB.CapitalizingC.ReflectingD.Drawing
39.A.matchupwithB.fillinC.fitintoD.setup
40.A.constraintsB.consciousnessC.normD.etiquette
.
.适用文档.
PartIV:
ReadingComprehension(20%)
Directions:
Eachofthefollowingfourpassagesisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachquestionorunfinishedstatement,fouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.MarkyourchoicesontheAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premoderncancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors,〞broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobe
grim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:
“Thereisnotreatment.〞
Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible,but,untilmoderntimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,
fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:
infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever);
“apoplexies〞(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks);and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption〞
(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themoderndiseaseparexcellence,〞andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.〞
Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization,〞belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas
“neurasthenia〞anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodernlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributed
cancer—notablyof
thebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildly
popular
eighteenth-century
text“DomesticMedicine〞judgedthat
cancersmight
becausedby
“excessivefear,grief,
religious
melancholy.〞Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa
“cancerpersonality,〞and,insomeversions,
specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,
nottobementioned,even
obscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,suffering
anddyingfromtuberculosis
might
beconsideredabadgeof
refinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,〞Sontagwrote,
“toaestheticize〞cancer.
41.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians
.
A.calledcancerthecrab
B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones
C.foundoutthecauseofcancer
D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors
42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?
A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer
B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer
C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement
D.Somephysi
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