考研英汉翻译实践笔记之放在名词后的分词.docx
- 文档编号:8079551
- 上传时间:2023-01-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:8
- 大小:19.49KB
考研英汉翻译实践笔记之放在名词后的分词.docx
《考研英汉翻译实践笔记之放在名词后的分词.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英汉翻译实践笔记之放在名词后的分词.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研英汉翻译实践笔记之放在名词后的分词
考研英汉翻译实践笔记之放在名词后的分词
放在名词后的分词多数是分词短语,它可以变成一个定语从句(尽管定语从句不一定都能变成分词短语):
1/表示一时动作的分词短语:
Thedangerthreateningtheworld(=whichisthreateningthearea)istoomanypeoplewithtoolittlefood.
Theylookedonatthecitybeingattackedbytheenemy(=whichwasbeingattackedbytheenemy).
Themanbeingfollowedbyguards(=whoarebeingfollowedbyguards)isapartyleader.
2/表示长久特点的分词短语:
Amanrespectingothers(=whorespectsothers)willberespected.
Canyouteachaboyrefusingtobetaught(=whorefusestobetaught)?
Itisdifficulttosaveamanenchantedbythebeautyofawoman.
Bookscalledthecomics(=thatarecalledthecomics)aresometimesharmfultochildren.
Anybookswellread(=thatarewellread)aregoodbooksandanymenwelltreatedaregoodmen.
2)名词前作定语的分词
a)用在名词前的不及物现在分词
名词前的现在分词多数为不及物动词:
Thetremblingcriminalhunghishead.
Doyouseethefloatingbridgethere?
Sheisadotingmother.
Theexistingsituationwilllastsomeyears.
Inthefieldarenoddingtrees,murmuringrivulets,smilingflowers,singingbirds,swimmingducksandplayingchildren.
Heisanuncompromisingdiplomat.
Itprovesfutileinspiteofalluntiringefforts.
Thisuprightmanalwaystakesanunswervingcourse.
Itisanunavailingplot.
Thereisanundyingfriendshipbetweenthem.
b)用在名词前的及物现在分词
1/意义上的宾语为‘人’的情况:
及物动词的分词也可用在名词前面,但它们大多表示情绪。
它们的意义上的宾语指一般人或某些人,是不说出的。
Itisacharmingstory=Itisastorythatcharmsus(me,youoranyone).
Wehaveanencouragingprospect.=Wehaveaprospectthatencouragesus.
Thisexcitingexperiencemadehimsleepless.=Thisexperience,whichexcitedhim,madehimsleepless.
Itisaninteresting(orsurprising,amazing,moving,entertaining,affecting)story.
Hehasapuzzlingproblemtosolve.
Intheforesttherehappenedashocking(orfrightening)caseofmurder.
Herfascinatingeyesandhertemptingmouthputyouinareverie.
Itisamisleadingstatement,adeceivingpromise.
Anunconvincingrumorspreadoverthecity.
2/意义上的宾语为‘物’的情况:
有少数及物动词的分词,它们的意义上的宾语也不说出,却是指‘物’的,这时要经过琢磨才知道宾语是什么:
Itisanarrestingsight(=asightthatarrestssomebody'sattention),animploringlook(=alookthatimploressomebody'shelp),arevealingstory(=astorythatrevealsthingshiddenorkeptsecret),adeservingcause(=acausethatdeservessympathyorhelp).
Heisagraspingattorney(anattorneywhoareeagertograspmoney).
Aknowingman(=amanwhoknowsallthesecret),
anunderstandingman(amanwhounderstandsothers'feelings),
aforbiddingheadmaster(=aheadmasterwhoforbidsotherstoapproachortolikehim),
alovingfather(=afatherwholoveschildrenorothers),
apromisingyouth(ayouthwhopromisestosuceed),
adesigningbusinessman(=abisinessmanwhodesignssomeintrigues),
anunfeelingjudge(=judgewhofeelsnosympathy),
anunforgivingfather(=afatherwhodoesnotforgiveanyfault),
anunthinkingplayboy(=aplayboywhodoesnotthinkoftheconsequences)
anunsparinghousewife(=housewilfewhodoesnotsparemoney),
anunassumingscholar(=ascholarwhodoesnotassumeimportance),
anunpretendingmanager(=amanagerwhodoesnotpretendimportance).
c)用在名词前的及物过去分词
1/一般过去分词:
及物动词的过去分词常可用在名词前作它的修饰语。
它表示同句谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在被进行的一个动作,也可以表示那时之前一个被动动作的后果:
Heisanhonouredabdrespectedprofessor(=professorwhoishonouedandrespected).
Weliveinacrowdedarea.
Theoppressednatonsarebeginningtorise.
Thepersecutedpatriothidhimselfinthejungle.
Idrinkboiledwater(=waterthathasbeenboiledbefore,butisnomoreboiledandisfreefromgermsnow).
Therearemanytrainednurses(=nurseswhohavebeentrainedbefore,butareefficientnow)inthishospital.
Don'ttreadonthebrokenglass(=glassthathasbeenbrokenbefore,butmayhurtsomebody'sfeetnow).
Usedcarscostcheaperthannewones.
Therearethousandsofwoundedsoldiersinthislostbattle.
Heisaqualifiedteacher.
2/已失去动词特点的分词:
a/以-en(或-n)结尾的过去分词
有不少过去分词已失去动词特点,成为纯粹的形容词,它们有些以-en(或-n)结尾:
Hishonestyisaprovenfact.
Ilikefrozenfruit.
Thisisthetombofforgottenheroes.
Howhotismolteniron?
Itissaidthedevilhasclovenhoofs.
Somedrunkensailorsarefightinginthestreet.
Doyouseethehiddenmeaningofthisletter?
下面词组中也包含这种分词:
drivensnow,woventhread,sawntimber,hewntimber,asunkencheek,shrunkenclothes,arottenegg,ashornlamb,agavenimage,aterror-strickenchild,adown-troddenpeople,ill-gottenmoney,aswollenface,acarvenimage,hisbrokenpromise.
b/带un-前缀的过去分词:
"Thatisanunfoundedrumour.""No,itisanundoubtedfact."
Thereareunnumbered(oruntold)crimesinthissmallcity.
Theenemysuddenlyattackedthisunguardedcity.
Hisunaffected(orunfeigned)mannersmakemelovehim.
Arichmanhastohearunearnedpraisefromtimetotime.
Whatisthemostimportantthingforanunderdevelopedcountry?
Thatisanunheard-of(=extraordinary)caseofmurder.
Hebacametheownerofundreamt-ofwealth.
Anunlooked-for(=unexpected)lovelettercametomethismorning.
Anunwished-for(orunhoped-for)(=undesirable)accidenthappenedtome.
Nobodycanstandthisuncalled-for(=unnecessaryandimproper)insult.
c/有特别意义的过去分词:
有少数过去分词,用做纯粹的形容词时,意思发生一些变化,已不再是做动词时的意思,如动词celebrate表示‘庆祝’,但形容词celebrated却表示‘著名的’:
Thisisacelebratedcity.
Thisisthemostnoted(=famous)mounaininJapan.
Heisaconfirmedpickpocket(=pickpocketwhoisunlikelytobechanged).
Heisapast-master(=onewhohasmuchexperience)indeceit.
Hewillsufferforhisill-advised(=unwise)action.
Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulplaceinmyborndays(=inmylifetime).
d/有主动意义的过去分词:
大多数过去分词都有被动意思,例如theunforgottenhero的意思是theherothathasbeenforgotten,又如boiledwater的意思是waterthathasbeenboiled.但有少数过去分词却有主动意思,它们甚至起及物动词作用,可以有一个说不出的宾语。
例如adrunkensailor意思是asailorwhohasdrunktoomuchliquor.
Alearnedscholar(=Ascholarwhohasleanredverymush)usuallylookssilly.
Experiencedmen(=Menwhohaveexperiencedalot)inthismatterarenotnumerous.
Apractisedman(=Amanwhohasoftenpractiseddoingthis)candomorethanagreenhorn.
Thesecultivatedpeople(=Thesepeople,whohavecultivatedtheirminds)aremygoodfriends.
Thekingloveshisdevotedsubjects(=hissubjects,whodevotesthemselvestohim).
Adissipatedyouth(=Ayouthwhodissipateshistimeandmoney)willruinhimself.
Isacontentedman(=amanwhocontentshimselfwithwhathehas)alwayshappy?
Themistakentravellerhashadanarrowescape.
d)用在名词前的宾补动词的过去分词
某些宾补动词的过去分词可以用在名词前面做定语。
这是一类特殊的宾补动词,它们用在下面这类句子中:
Theydeclaredhimtobeatraitor.
Theyprovedthestatementtobefalse.
Heprofessedhimselftobeascientist.
下面句子包含了以这类动词作定语的过去分词
Thisisthereputedscene(=theplacewhichisreputedtobethescene)ofrobbery.
Johnisthesupposedfather(=themanwhoissupposedtobethefather)ofthischild.
Heisanavowedmember(=amanwhohasavowedhimselftobeamember)ofthisparty.
Heisaprofessedscientist.
Theconfessed(oradmitted)thiefwassenttoprison.
e)用在名词前的不及物动词的过去分词
有几十个不及物动词的过去分词可用在名词前作定语。
它们多数表示一种变化,表示一种完成的动作,一种状态。
它们已失去动词的特点,不再有被动意义,几乎成了形容词:
Aretiredofficial(=Anofficialwhohasretiredorisretired)livesnextdoor.
Heisareturnedstudent(=astudentwhohasreturnedfromabroad).
Thedecayedtoothshouldbepulledoff.
Amarriedmanismorestableincharacterthanabachelor.
Thousandsofpeoplemournedforthedeceasedactress.
Bothfadingandfadedflowerswereblownaboutinthestrongwind.
Hereandthereweredecayingordecayedleaves.
Weseechangingandchangedmodesoflifeeveryyearandeveryday.
下面词组中各包含一个这样的过去分词:
abdictedemperor,obsconeddebtor,agedpoet,arrivedguest,assembledcompany,elopedpair,escapedprisoner,failedcandidate,fallenangel,fledrobber,perjuredwitness,travelledwritter
departedglories,expiredlease,foregoneconclusion,moulderedtemple,risensun,rottenfruit,shrunkenclothes,sunkenrocks,vanishedcivilization,witheredleaves,well-readandwell-behavedyoungman,plain-spokenpolitician,free-spokenman,full-growngirl,full-blownroses
3)在名词后作定语的分词
分词也可以放在它们所修饰的名词的后面
a)简单分词
简单分词,不管是现在分词还是过去分词,放在名词后的情况是比较少的,但在下面情况下可以放在名词后面:
1/如果它受到强调,感到像一个从句:
Iwanttoknowthepersoncoming(=whocomesoriscoming)
Whowerethepeopleparticipating(=whoparticipated)?
Iwentintotheroomadjoining---andsawsomethingIcan'ttell.
Nomanlivingcandothat.
Iwenttomeetherattheplaneindicated(=whichhadbeenindicated).
Theythrewintoprisonallthepersonsallthepersonssuspected(=whoweresuspected).
Theprisioneracquittedwenthomedirectly.
Thematterbeinginvestgiated(=thatisbeinginvestigated)isamilitarysecret.
Theworkbeingdone(=thatwasbeingdone)preventedhisfromgoing.
下面词组中各包含一个这样的词
Themoneyspent,thedayappointed,thefactalleged,thereasongiven,theplansuggested,thepartyinterested,theguestsinvited.
2/如果它用来进行对比:
Thevisitorscomingandgoingaresonumerous.
Heisapersonreveredandbeloved.
Inmanycountries,wordspokenaredifferentfromwordswritten.
3/如果名词是一个不关紧要的词或被修饰的是一个代词:
Thoseremaininghadtowaittwodaysmore.
Virtueisathingunseen.
Heislikeonecharmed.
Allinvolvedwillbesenttojail.
Thepointcontrovertedisinsignificant.
4/如果名词前有一个形容词最高级或类似的形容词:
Thisisthemostdifficultjobknown.
Heisthefattestmanliving
Thechief(oronly,one)guestinvitedwasme.
Thisistheonlychanceleft.
Wewelcomedeveryclient(orallclients)coming.
Everymanarrivingreceivedagift.
5/如果分词和其他词构成固定词组(短语):
Iwillstayhere
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 英汉翻译 实践 笔记 名词 分词