高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解6.docx
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高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解6.docx
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高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解6
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解(6)
科普知识(阅读理解)由(xx重庆,D)改编
TotaketheappleasaforbiddenfruitisthemostunlikelystorytheChristians(基督教徒)haveevercookedup.Forthem,theforbiddenfruitfromEdenisevil(邪恶的).SowhenColumbusbroughtthetomatobackfromSouthAmerica,alandmistakenlyconsideredtobeEden,everyonejumpedtotheobviousconclusion.WronglytakenastheappleofEden,thetomatowasshutoutofthedoorofEuropeans.
Whatmadeitparticularlyterrifyingwasitssimilaritytothemandrake,aplantthatwasthoughttohaveefromHell(地狱).Whatearnedtheplantitsawfulreputationwasitsrootswhichlookedlikeadried-uphumanbodyoccupiedbyevilspirits.Thoughthetomatoandthemandrakewerequitedifferentexceptthatbothhadbrightredoryellowfruit,thegeneralpopulationconsideredthemoneandthesame,tooterribletotouch.
CautiousEuropeanslongignoredthetomato,anduntiltheearly1700smostoftheWesternpeoplecontinuedtodragtheirfeet.Inthe1880s,thedaughterofawell-knownplantexpertwrotethatthemostinterestingpartofanafternoonteaatherfather’shousehadbeenthe“introductionofthiswonderfulnewfruit—orisitavegetable?
”Aslateasthetwentiethcenturysomewritersstillclassedtomatoeswithmandrakesasan“evilfruit”.
Butintheendtomatoescarriedtheday.TheheroofthetomatowasanAmericannamedRobertJohnson,andwhenhewaspubliclygoingtoeatthetomatoin1820,peoplejourneyedforhundredsofmilestowatchhimdropdead.“Whatareyouafraidof?
”heshouted.“I’llshowyoufoolsthatthesethingsaregoodtoeat!
”Thenhebitintothetomato.Somepeoplefainted.Buthesurvivedand,accordingtoalocalstory,setupatomato-canningfactory.
1.ThetomatowasshutoutofthedoorofearlyEuropeansmainlybecause .
A.itmadeChristiansevil
B.itwastheappleofEden
C.itcamefromaforbiddenland
D.itwasreligiouslyunacceptable
2.WhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedpartinParagraph3?
( )
A.Theprocessofignoringthetomatosloweddown.
B.Therewaslittleprogressinthestudyofthetomato.
C.Thetomatowasstillrefusedinmostwesterncountries.
D.Mostwesternpeoplecontinuedtogetridofthetomato.
3.WhatisthemainreasonforRobertJohnsontoeatthetomatopublicly?
( )
A.Tomakehimselfahero.
B.Toremovepeople’sfearofthetomato.
C.Tospeedupthepopularityofthetomato.
D.Topersuadepeopletobuyproductsfromhisfactory.
4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
( )
A.Tochallengepeople’sfixedconceptsofthetomato.
B.Togiveanexplanationtopeople’sdislikeofthetomato.
C.Topresentthechangeofpeople’sattitudestothetomato.
D.Toshowtheprocessoffreeingthetomatofromreligiousinfluence.
语篇解读:
西红柿开始被人类食用经历了一个非常复杂的过程,本文主要介绍了西红柿从最初被认为是邪恶的水果到被接受的过程。
答案及剖析:
1.D 事实细节题。
根据第一段可知,人们误以为西红柿是伊甸园中的邪恶苹果(在《圣经》中,亚当和夏娃被狡猾的蛇引诱而误食的禁果)所以把它拒之门外。
2.C 句义理解题。
根据第三段的第一句“CautiousEuropeanslongignoredthetomato...”和最后一句可知,在西方大部分国家,人们仍然拒绝食用西红柿。
3.B 推理判断题。
RobertJohnson当众吃西红柿向人们证明西红柿是无毒的,以除去人们对西红柿的恐惧心理。
4.C 主旨大意题。
文章写了西红柿被哥伦布带到欧洲后人们对它的态度从拒绝到接受的转变过程,故答案为C。
【长难句子分析】
给这种植物带来坏名誉的是它的根,它看上去就像一具被妖怪占据的人类干尸。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
【xx·江西师大附中三模】
Anolderfriendoncegavemeapieceofadvice,“Enjoythelastfewweeksofcollege,”shesaid,“sincecollegeisthebesttimeofyourlife.”
ThiswasnotthefirsttimeI’dheardsuchastatement,butwithgraduationfastingclose,herwordsespeciallystruckme.Itseemedabitdisappointingtoreachone’slifepeakatonly22yearsofage,butinheropinion,collegehadbeenoneofthebesttimesinmylifesofar.Imadefriends,tookclasses,andlearnedagreatdealaboutmyself.ButIwasalsoexcitedforthetimeaftercollege—movingtoanewcity,startinganewjob,andbeinga“real”person.Ihopedthatmygreatdreamswerepractical.
Then,lastweekIreadacolumninRealSimpleMagazinecalled100YearsofAttitude,inwhichwomen100yearsoroldersharedtheirlifeexperiencesandviews.Inoticedthatnoneofthemconsideredcollegeasthe“best”timeoftheirlife.Notallofthemwenttocollege,butstillinmostcasestheirteensandtwentieswerenotthebesttimesoftheirlife.Theysaidsomeoftheirfavoritetimeswereraisingtheirchildren,travelingafterretirement,andevenenjoyingtheirpresenttimeandage.
Enjoyingone’spresenttimeandagewasaclearthemeoftheinterviews.Apieceofadvicegivenbythewomenwasabouttheimportanceofmakingthebestofallsituations.Ithinkitmoreaccuratethanthatofmyfriend;IcansaywithcertaintythatifIamluckyenoughtomakeitto100.Irefusetospendthelast80yearsofmylifeplummeting(跌落)downhill,orevenlevelingoff.
Iamsurethatoureagernessanddevotionwillmakeuscollegestudentsliveameaningfullife.Wewillnotjustlookbackwardsormissourcollegedays.Wewilllookforwardinexcitementaboutcontinuedjourneyuphill.
1.Whichofthefollowingopinionsdoesthewriteragreewith?
A.Collegeisthebesttimeofone’slife.
B.Twentieswerethebesttimeoftheoldpeople.
C.Oneshouldmakethebestofallsituations.
D.Oneshouldnotlookbackwardsattheircollegetime.
2.Inthesecondparagraph,thewriterwantstosay________.
A.herachievementsincollegewouldbethepeakofhersuccess
B.sheislookingforwardtolivingasa“real”personincollege
C.shebeesmoreandmoreuneasywithgraduation
D.sheissatisfiedwiththecollegelifebutishopefulforthefuture
3.Thecolumnthewriterreadismainlyaboutthoseoldwomen’s________.
A.besttimeoflifeatyouth
B.lifeexperiencesandviews
C.differentopinionsaboutlife
D.favoritetimewithbestfriends
4.Bysaying“Irefusetospendthelast80yearsofmylifeplummetingdownhill,orevenlevelingoff”(inParagraph4),thewriterreallymeans________.
A.shewillnotspendtherestofhertimeatcollege
B.shewillnotjustobtainacollegelevelcertificate
C.shewillnotbesatisfiedwithwhatshehasalreadyacplished
D.shewillnotbecontentwiththelifeinthefuture
5.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribethewriter?
A.Ambitious. B.Practical.
C.Imaginative. D.Proud.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。
都说大学是人生最辉煌的时光,但文中的作者却给出了不同的观点。
1.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第四段第二、三句“Apieceofadvicegivenbythewomen...makingthebestofallsituations.Ithinkitmoreaccuratethanthatofmyfriend...”可知,答案C符合文意。
答案:
C
2.解析:
段落大意题。
根据文章第二段最后三句可知,作者对现在的大学生活很满意,但同时对未来也充满了期待,故答案D符合文意。
答案:
D
3.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第三段第一句中的“...inwhichwomen100yearsoroldersharedtheirlifeexperiencesandviews.”可知,答案B正确。
答案:
B
4.解析:
句意理解题。
根据对文章最后一段的整体理解可知,作者并不满足现有的成就,而是要继续下去,把整个人生都活得精彩、生动。
由此可推知,答案C符合文意。
答案:
C
5.解析:
推理判断题。
根据对文章的整体理解,尤其是最后一段可推知,作者是一个不满足于现状的年轻人,是一个积极进取的人。
故答案A“有抱负的”符合文意。
答案:
A
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
【xx·潍坊5月模拟】
RaeandBruceHostetlernotonlyworkveryhard,theyalsorelaxjustaswell.Numerousvacationshelpthecoupletomaintaintheirhealthandemotionalwellbeingandit’snosurprisetohealthcareprofessionals.
“Rest,relaxation,andstressreductionareveryimportantforpeople’swellbeingandhealth.Thiscanbeacplishedthroughdailyactivities,suchasexerciseandmeditation,butvacationisanimportantpartofthisaswell,”saidprimarycarephysicianNatashaWithersfromOneMedicalGroupinNewYork.Witherslistsadecreasedriskofheartdiseaseandimprovedreactiontimeassomeofthebenefitsfromtakingsometimeoff.“Wealsoknowthatthemindisverypowerfulandcanhelpwithhealing,soarested,relaxedmindisabletohelpthebodyhealbetter,”saidWithers.
Psychologistsconfirmthevalueofvacationsforthemind.“Theimpactthattakingavacationhasonone’smentalhealthisgreat,”saidFrancineLederer,aclinicalpsychologistinLosAngeleswhospecializesinstressandrelationshipmanagement.“Mostpeoplehavebetterlifeperspectiveandaremoremotivatedtoachievetheirgoalsafteravacation,evenifitisa24hourtimeout.”Thetripscouldbegoodfortheirhealth,goodfortheirfamilyandgoodfortheirbusinesses.
TheonlinetravelagencyExpediaconductedasurveyaboutvacationtimeinxx,andaccordingtotheirdatatheaverageAmericanearned18vacationdays—butonlyused14ofthem.Francetoppedthelist,withtheaverageworkerearning37vacationdaysandusingallbuttwoofthem.Americans’responsesmaynotbesurprisinginaculturewherelonghoursonthejoboftenarevalued,butthat’snotalwaysgoodfortheindividual,thefamilyortheemployer.
Psychologistshavealsofoundthatpeoplewhodon’ttakeenoughtimetorelaxmayfindithardertorelaxinthefuture.“Withouttimeandopportunitytodothis,thenerveconnectionsthatproducefeelingsofcalmandpeacefulnessbeeweaker,makingitactuallymoredifficulttoshiftintolessstressedstates,”Mulhernsaid.
1.Howdidtheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?
A.Bymakingparisons. B.Bygivinganexample.
C.Byraisingquestions. D.Byprovidingdata.
2.AccordingtoNatashaWithers,vacationscan________.
A.weakenreactionsystem
B.cureseriousdiseases
C.reducethelevelofwellbeing
D.decreasetheriskofheartdisease
3.Expedia’ssurveyshowsthatAmericans________.
A.dislikefamilygatherings
B.havetheshortestvacation
C.enjoyasmanyvacationsastheFrench
D.thinkmuchofspendinglonghoursonthejob
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Oneshouldneverwaittorelax.
B.Workandrestgoagainsteachother.
C.Timeandopportunitywaitfornoman.
D.Arelaxedminddetermineseverything.
5.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?
A.Waystorelaxinone’sfreetime.
B.Thebenefitsoftakingtimeoff.
C.Differentopinionsonholidays.
D.TheHostetlersalwaysonthego.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要说明了休息和度假对人们生活幸福和身体健康的好处。
1.解析:
推理判断题。
根据第一段可知,文章通过RaeHostetler和Br
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