21世纪大学英语第四册课后答案.docx

21世纪大学英语第四册课后答案.docx

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21世纪大学英语第四册课后答案

第一单元

TEXTA

II

1.Hedefinesgreatnessasthelastingcontributionwhichapersonmakes

orhasmadetohumancivilization.

2.TheexampleofChurchillshowstheimportanceofpersistenceand

dedicationinachievinggreatness.

3.Firstbornsandonlychildrentendtomakegoodleadersintimesof

crisis,butmiddle-bornchildrenarebetterpeacetimeleaders.

4.A20thcenturypoliticianshouldbeaneffectivepublicspeakeranda

socialperson.

5.Intelligenceseemstobelessimportantthanotherfactors,suchasthe

abilitytocommunicateeffectively.

6.Theabilitytoovercometraditionalwaysofthinkingisalsocrucial.

7.Theysimplydon’tdevotetheamountoftimerequired.

8.Thestudyshowedthatenjoyingone’sworkisthebestformof

motivation.

2

IV

1.chat2.acknowledge3.motivated4.charcteristic

5.despite6.influential7.cited8.obstacle

9.intrinsic10.criteria11.obsession12.innate

13.contribution（s）14.contemporary15.submitted16.morale

V

1.leftbehind2.rise3.madehistory4.wereendowed

with

5.putupwith6.goingnowhere7.ifocuseson8.bebuilton

9.putineupwith11.takecharge12.set...apart

VI

efficiencyemergencyfluencyfrequency

proficiencytendencyurgencysufficiency

1.fluency2.proficiency3.emergency4.Efficiency

5.tendency6.frequency

3

VII

1.Forsomestudents,it'snotthattheydon'tputinenoughtime—it's

thattheydon'thavegoodstudyhabits.

2.Childrenperformdifferentlyatschool.It'snotthattheyhavedifferent

IQs—it'sthattheyarebroughtupindifferentenvironments.

3.Thecompanyisnotveryproductive.It'snotthatitsstaffaren't

talented—it'sthattheirenergyhasn'tbeenchanneledeffectively.

4.I'mreallysorry.It'snotthatIdon'twanttogotothecinemawithyou

—it'sthatIhavetofinishmypapertonight.

5.Youhaveastomachache.It'snotthatthefoodwasbad—it's

probablythatyouhavetoomuchstressfromyourwork.

VIII

1.PresidentWilsondidn'ttrytobringtheUSbacktoeconomicand

politicalisolation.Instead,hebelievedininternationalcooperation

throughanassociationofnations.2.Computersdon'tteachstudentsin

groups.Instead,theycanhelpthemlearneffectivelyaccordingtotheir

4

differentneeds.

3.Weshouldn'tfocusonminorpoints.Instead,weshouldtrytosolve

theproblemofthegreatesturgencyatpresent.

4.Hedosen'tgetanybodyelsetohelphim.Instead,helikestoattendto

everythinghimself.

5.Teachingsuccessshouldn'tbemeasuredbythescoresthestudents

receiveontests.Instead,itshouldbemeasuredbywhetherthestudents

haveinternalizedtheabilityanddesiretolearn.

IX

BCBADDCABADABCA

X

西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断

地追求成功的动力。

“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释

道。

“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。

有的只是程度上的差异而

已。

伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。

”他举出二战时

期的英国首相温斯顿?

丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。

丘吉尔在全国

上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。

在1940年盟军

敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、

失败。

我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。

”

5

XI

1.Americanstendtodefinepeoplebythejobstheyhave/do.Such

characteristicsastheirfamilyandeducationalbackgroundsare

consideredlessimportant.

2.Hisuncompromisingpersonalityexplainswhyhecouldnolongerput

upwithhisemployerandeventuallysubmittedhisresignation.

3.IfyoureallywanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustputinalotoftime

andenergy,oryou'llgonowhere.Thesamecanbesaidofother

subjects.

4.Someactorsfameisbuiltontheirinnatebeauty,butdespitehis

shortstature,DustinHoffmanroseaboveanditishisexcellentacting

thatsethimapart.

5.Afterhetookcharge,wediscoveredthattherewerestriking

differencesbetweenhimandhispredecessor.Hehadthedriveand

passion,cameupwithmanynewideas,andfocusedhisworkonhowto

raiseourmorale.

6.DengXiaopingmadehistorywhenhedeclaredChina'sreformand

opening-uppolicy.Despitetremendousobstacles,hemadelasting

contributionstoourcountry'smodernizationwithhisunrelenting

efforts.

6

7.WhycouldsomeonewithageniusIQbeleftbehindbyahardworking

personwithanaverageIQ?

Ithastobeacknowledgedthatbesides

one'sIQ,manyotherfactorshavemuchtodowithone'sachievements.

8.Thisteacherisreallyremarkableinfirstmotivatingherstudentssoshe

canreallyteachthemsomething.It'snotthatsheistalented,it'sthat

shefocusescompletelyordrawingtheirfullattentioninclass.

第二单元

TEXTA

II

1.Hegotnothanksforreturningawallet,thoughhedeservedto.

2.Hewantstoshowhowmuchpeopleneedgratitudetokeepupa

spiritofkindnessandcooperation.

3.Shesavedupfortwoyears,wenttoNormandyinperson,andgave

herson'sgoldwristwatchtothewoman.

4.Hesendashortrecordingexpressinghisappreciationoftheauthor's

thoughtfulnessandsentittotheauthor.

7

5.Apatientwhoselifewassavedbyabloodtransfusioncameback

againandagaintodonatehisbloodanonymouslysothatmorepatients

couldbesaved.

6.HedoesitbycitingW.H.Hudson'sgratitudeforhiswife'sday-to-day

heroism.

7.Thosepeoplewhodolittlethingsforusallyearround.

8.Itcanmakepeopletakeinfinitepainswiththeirwork.

9.Gratitudeisneededallthetimeandnoneofuscangivetoomuchof

it.

III

1.intention2.sincere3.glaring4.sore

5.trace6.render4.denial5.proof

9.tribute7.conventional11.generous12.gratitude

13.slammed14.agreeable

IV

1.caught/tookmyfancy2.amistakeonJohn'spart

3.takeforgranted4.thinktwice

8

5.savedup6.referredto

7.boastabout8.tookpainswith

9.refrainfrom10.somethingof

11.inonewayoranother12.fedup

V

1.altitude2.aptitude3.attitude4.longitude

5.fortitude6.mulitiude7.latitude8.solitude

VI

1.coordination2.coexist3.co-workers4.co-owners

5.co-authored6.Cooperation7.Coeducation8.copilot

VII

1.nosacrificefortheeducationoftheyoungwastoogreat

2.Nopriceistoohightopayinordertosavetheirlives

3.cannotbetoocarefulinperforminganexperiment

9

4.Theycannotpraisehimtoomuch

5.cannotbeoveremphasized

6.cannotbeoverestimated

VIII

BACDDBABCDBADCA

IX

一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。

我的一个病人在出院几

个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士。

“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我

猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。

”“正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴

你来。

很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了

多大的帮助。

”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。

因为我们身边的人在构筑他们

的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种

小小的示意动作。

X

1.HeglaredatJohnandwasannoyedbyhisrefusaltocooperate.

10

2.John'ssincerespeechshowshisgratitudetothepeoplewhorendered

himgeneroushelpwhenhewasindifficulty.

3.Heissomethingofastampcollector.Thefactthatoncehesavedup

fortwoyearstobuyararestampisproofofit.

4.Thebeautyoftheserosescouldnotbeoverstated.Theytook/caught

allthevisitorsfancyinonewayoranother.

5.Atfirsthetookitforgrantedthattheyshouldbuildmorehighwaysin

thisarea.Thenacarefulcalculationoftheexpenditurecompelledhim

tothinktwicebeforehemadethefinaldecision.

6.Eachtimehereceivesagiftfromme,nomatterhowsmall,myfriend

Billneverfailstoacknowledgeit.

7.Thejournalisthasdecidedtotracetheyoungmanreferredtointhe

oldcouple'sletter,whichisatributetotheyoungman'seffortat

improvingtheirlivingconditions.

8.Thoughhewasfedupwiththesalesmenwhoknockedathisdoor

andboastedabouttheirproductseveryday,herefrainedfrom

slammingthedoorintheirface.

第三单元

TEXTA

II

1.Hechangedhisperspectiveandobservedpeoplewhodidnothave

smallpox.

2.Hewantstogiveagoodexampleoflateralthinking.

3.Hecomparesthehumanbraintoacomputerandthechangeofone's

pointofviewtothereprogrammingofthecomputer.

4.Itistofightit.

5.Hecallsitverticalthinking.

6.Heusedthetechniqueoflateralthinking.

7.Thekeyistomakeashiftinemphasisinsteadoffightingtheproblem

head-on.

8.Theyshouldchangetheirpointofviewandregardthemselvesastheir

body'skeeper.

9.Veryoftenlateralthinkingyieldsmuchbetterresultsthanvertical

thinking.

10.Itisapproachingthetargetfromasidewayspointofviewinsteadof

12

approachingitdirectly.

III

1.tactic2.utmost3.structure4.slack5.significance

6.head-on7.deadend8.erased9.framework

10.vertical;vertical

11.ceased12.flaw13.implies14.affirmed

IV

1.woundupbeing3.takein5.takeover

2.pullingon4.ineffect6.endedupteaching

V

1.approach2.fought3.cure4.pressured

5.focus6.approach7.program8.experienced

9.switch10.escape11.fail12.escaped

13

VI

assistantaccountantservantdependantattendant

contestantdefendantconsultantinhabitantoccupant

1.attendant2.servant3.consultans4.contestant5.accountant

6.occupants7.assistant8.inhabitants9.dependants10.defendant

VII

1.ofuse

2.ofgreatimportance

3.ofgreat/critical/extremesignificance

4.oflittlevalue

5.ofmarkedbenefit

6.ofinvaluablehelp

14

VIII

1.shouldhavetoldmeatonce2.

2.shouldhavetoldmebeforehand3.

3.shouldhaveleftthecompanylongago

4.nevershouldhavehappened

5.shouldhaveleftthirtyminutesago

6.shouldhavephoned

IX

CDBDABBDBBCABDC

X

一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。

“进展越困难，硬汉子越向前”这句话

便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。

不管是什么问题，不管可以用来解决

问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。

德·博诺医

生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定

地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。

当然，它的缺陷是，

如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没有放对，那么整个结构就会

15

坍塌。

事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。

横向思维，

德·博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法——一种完全避免这种拼搏，

用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。

XI

1.Tomwashungupontheproblembutcoulddonothingaboutituntil

helearnttosolveitwithdifferenttactics.

2.Lateralthinkinghashelpedhimtoadvancehisnewtheorywhichhad

seemedtoreachadeadend.

3.Theframeworkofourlatestconstructionplanhasbeenaffirmedby

thelocalgovernment.Whetheritwillbecarriedoutontimeisofthe

utmostsignificancetothedevelop