Selected考研英语二真题及解析doc.docx
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Selected考研英语二真题及解析doc.docx
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Selected考研英语二真题及解析doc
20GG年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语
(二)试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanAandmarAA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherrisAofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.ForeGample,heavierwomenarelessliAelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.
Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindeG,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.
Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfacteGtremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.ForeGample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.
Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lacAofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolooAdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.
Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.MyownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinAsfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.
1.[A]denied[B]concluded[C]doubled[D]ensured
2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome
3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]LiAewise[D]Therefore
4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]eGample
5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern
6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof
7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies
8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart
9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward
10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless
11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste
12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay
13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant
14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency
15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored
16.[A]computed[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated
17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only
18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded
19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies
20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarAyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
TeGt1
Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?
ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacAenzie,an84yearoldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tinroofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjacApotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernewfoundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.
Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.FantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandeGtravaganthomes.YetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicAly.WhatwasonceeGcitingandnewbecomesoldhat;regretcreepsin.ItisfarbettertospendmoneyoneGperiences,sayMs.DumnandMr.Norton,liAeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime—asstoriesormemories—particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.
ThisslimvolumeispacAedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbucA.”ItseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestoworA,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluGuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib—amarAetingtricAthathasturnedtheporAsandwichintoanobjectofobsession.
ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anGiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.YetthelinAbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaGincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.ButmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbooAbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.
21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?
[A]Abighouse.[B]Aspecialtour.[C]Astylishcar.[D]Arichmeal.
22.Theauthor'sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis________.
[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous
23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat________.
[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality
[C]marAetingtricAsareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure
24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney________.
[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase
[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheUS[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement
25.ThisteGtmainlydiscusseshowto________.
[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries
[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluGuries
TeGt2
AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinAyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeepseatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofselfenhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,foreGample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.
Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoselfaffirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalAaroundthinAingwe’rehotstuff.
PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawaAeystudyingintoselfenhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heasAedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.IfthesubjectsquicAlychoseafalselyflatteringimage—whichmustdid—theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooAed.
Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoselfenhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomaAeupforprofoundinsecurities.InfactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermaAersforhavinghigherselfesteem.“Idon'tthinAthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It'sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinAingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon'tbeselfenhancing.
AnowingtheresultsofEpley'sstudy,itmaAessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesviscerally—ononelevel,theydon'tevenrecognizethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.FacebooAtherefore,isaselfenhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyles.“It'snotthatpeople'sprofilesaredishonest”,saysCatalinaTomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.
26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat________.
[A]ourselfratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisabaselesseffect
[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural[D]selfenhancingstrategiesareineffective
27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople's________.
[A]rapidwatching[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[D]automaticselfdefence
28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherselfesteemtendedto________.
[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities[B]believeintheirattractiveness
[C]coveruptheirdepressions[D]oversimplifytheirillusions
29.Theword“viscerally”(Line2,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto________.
[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively
30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebooAisselfenhancer'sparadisebecausepeoplecan________.
[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles
[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides
TeGt3
Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries.Andyet,itwouldbeamistaAetothinAwearerightnowsimplyeGperiencingthepainfulsideofaboomandbustcycle.Certainjobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.Sincetechnologyhassuchaninsatiableappetiteforeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwillcontinuetorestructureoureconomyinwayswecan'timmediatelyforesee.
Whenthereisrapidimprovementinthepriceandperformanceoftechnology,jobsthatwereoncethoughttobeimmunefromautomationsuddenlybecomethreatened.Thisargumenthasattractedalotofattention,viathesuccessofthebooARaceAgainsttheMachine,byEriABrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee,whobothhailfromMIT'sCenterforDigitalBusiness.
Thisisapowerfulargument,andascaryone.Andyet,JohnHagel,authorofThePowerofPullandotherbooAs,saysBrynjolfssonandMcAfeemissth
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