论中西方饮食文化差异.docx
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论中西方饮食文化差异.docx
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论中西方饮食文化差异
论中西方饮食文化差异
梁艳春
摘要:
饮食是人类生存与发展的第一需要,也是社会生活的基本形式之一。
然而不同的文化背景,却有不同的饮食观念和饮食习俗,最终形成不同的饮食文化,它的丰富性和多样性也正是不同民族创造性的体现。
中西方在饮食文化上存在着明显的差异。
本文从饮食观念、饮食内容、饮食方式等方面进行分析,有助于深刻理解中西文化中的不同之处,跨越文化交际障碍,又能培养人们在跨文化交际时的适应能力,有效地避免交际双方由于文化差异而产生的误解,促成了文化的进一步交流、互补与兼容。
关键词:
饮食文化;差异;饮食观念;饮食内容;饮食方式
ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodculture
LiangYanchun
Abstract:
Thedietisthesurvivalanddevelopmentofthehumanbeingfortheirfirstneed,alsoisoneofthebasicformofsociallife.Howeverthedifferentculturalbackground,hasthedifferentdietideaandthedietcustom,andfinallythedifferentdietculturecameintobeing,itisalsotherichnessanddiversityofdifferentethnicgroupscreativeembodiment.InChinaandwesterndietculture,thereexistobviousdifferences.Thisarticlefromthedietidea,dietcontent,dietarypatterns,analyzesbeneficialtounderstandthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculture,crossculturalcommunicationbarriers,andcultivatepeopleinthecross-culturalcommunicationadaptivecapacity,effectivelyavoidtwocommunicatingpartiesduetoculturaldifferencesandproducemisunderstanding,contributedtoculturalexchanges,thefurthercomplementwithcompatible.
Keywords:
dietculture;Differences,Dietidea;Dietcontent;Dietarypatterns
Contents
Introduction3
1.Thedifferentdietideabetweenchineseandwestern4
1.1“The‘taste’ofChinesefood”VS”conceptionofpractical”4
1.2“Paradeone’swealth”VS“simple、asonepleases”4
1.3“Collectivity”VS“individualism”5
2.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterndietcontent5
2.1“Seekfordelicate、perfect”VS“beparticularaboutnutrition、attentiontoequilibrium”6
2.2Thedifferencesofdishes6
3.ThedifferentdietarypatternsbetweenChineseandWestern7
3.1ThedifferenteatingpatternsbetweenChineseandWestern7
3.2ThedifferentdinnerwarebetweenChineseandWestern8
4.ThedifferencesofChineseandWesternpeople8
5.TheactualityforChineseandWesterndietculture8
Conclusion9
Notes9
Bibliography10
ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietculture
LiangYanchun
Introduction
Chineseandwesterndietintheidea,theetiquette,contentandsoonthedifferences,canbefoundonfromculturalroots.Ofcourse,intheBritishdietculturedifferenceswithrelativity.Chinahasalonghistoryof5000years,whilethewesthasoneofaboutsixhundredyears.Chinahasafoodculturethatiscolorful,profoundandexcellent,whilethewesthasitsownspecialculture[1].
Thedietisthehumansurvivalanddevelopmentofthefirstneed,alsoisoneofthebasicformofsociallife.Howeverthedifferentculturalbackground,hasthedifferentdietideaandthedietcustom,andfinallyformthedifferentdietculture,itisalsotherichnessanddiversityofdifferentethnicgroupscreativeembodiment.ChinaandBritainfordietviewpointsandattitudes,dietcontentandfoodcharacteristic,therearesignificantdifferences.ThedifferencesbetweenChinesecultureandEnglishculturecreatedSino-Britishdietculturedifference,butthedifferencefromdifferentwaysofthinkingandwesternphilosophy.
Chineseandwesternculturehasalwaysbeenaworldculturaltwofactions,andfoodintwocultures,theyareoccupiedaveryimportantposition.ThedifferencesofculturebetweenChinaandthewestdietculturetosetupadifference,intwodifferentkindsofculturalbackground,thewesterndietcustom,whetherinitsconcept,nature,orinitsway,object,andotheraspects,whichexistsinthedifferenceisverybright.Chinaandthewestdietviewpointsandattitudes,dietcontentandfoodcharacteristic,therearesignificantdifferences.ThedifferencesbetweenChinesecultureandEnglishculturecreatedSino-Britishdietculturedifference,butthedifferencefromdifferentwaysofthinkingandwesternphilosophy.
1.ThedifferentdietideabetweenChineseandWestern
Contrastnotice"flavor"Chinesefood,westernisarationaldietidea.TheChinesedietishasitsdistinctivecharm,thekeyliesinitsflavor.InChina,thebeautifulsexespursueapparentlydiet,thedietoverwhelmedtherationalviewandthetraditionalphilosophythoughtismatched.AseasternphilosophyrepresentingChinesephilosophy,itsremarkablecharacteristicsaremacro,intuitive,fuzzyandunpredictable.Chinesefoodismixedthemethodofmakingpaper,isultimatelytodingconcoctedagoodtaste.
1.1“Functionalfoodsocialist”vs.”conceptionofpractical”
InChina,thediethasrisentoanalmostbeyondallotherphysicalformandspiritformofimportantthings,andthisisreflectedinallaspectsofPeople'sDailylife.OneofthemostcommonamongChinesepeopleaskeachotheristhat"haveyoueatenyet?
".Everyday,thefirstthingyoushoulddotendtobeeating,orpreparetoeatforChinese.TherearemanyscholarsregardChinesethiskindofspecialconcept“Breadisthestaffoflife“as"functionalfoodsocialism"intheculturaltendency.Languageisthecarrierandmirrorofculture,languagereflectculture.Thisculturetendency"functionalfoodsocialism"inChinesegotthemostamplereflection.Andaboveall,inChineseculture,whetherphysicalormental,seemscaneat,eveninvisible,touchedthewindalsocaneat,astheysay"havenothingtoeat"etc.
Inwesterncountries,eatingonlyasanecessarymeansofsurvivalandcommunicate.AmericanpsychologistAbrahamMaslowatthefamouslawofdemandwilldemandfromlowtohighisdividedintofivelevels,dietwillbedividedonthefirstfloor,namelyasthelowesthumanbeing’sdemand,intheaboveothersecurityrequirements,emotionalneeds,respectdemandandselfrealizationneeds.BritishandAmericanpeopleonlyaseatforabiologicalmachineinjectingfuelinordertoguaranteetheirnormaloperation,aslongastheyhadeatenitcankeepthebodyhealthyandstrongenoughtoresistbacteria,diseasesfromtheattack,andtheotherisfutile."[2].Eat,thoughimportant,fromtheculturalsense,onlystayinthesimplecommunication,interactionlevelinwesterncountries,andnotlikeinChinathatisgivenmoreandmoreimportantmission,letaloneis"theritualofsource".
1.2“Wasteandextravagance’s.“simpleandcasual”
ChinaandBritaininpartyideashavetherearefundamentaldifferences.AChineseentertainingfriendswillvaluemealitself,needluxuryattentiontoabundance,generally,waiters,theformalbanquetsmusttakeatleasteightdish,notincludingbeforetheappetizers,snacks,amongthedessertandfinallyonthestaplefood(noodles,rice,etc.).Themorepreciousdishescanreflectmastercourteousandtheguest'sidentity,andmediocrefoodtogreatlyexceedhostandguestcanconsumptionquantity,otherwisewouldnotbesufficienttoshowthehospitalityofthehost.ThisisprobablyoriginatedfromChinesetraditionalvalues:
"hometowaste,entertainswillabundantly."ItisbecauseofthesetraditionalideasinfluencedtheChineseinadinnerwhenneedluxury,payattentiontothequalityandquantityofmeal.
InBritain,thegrandwesternbanquetissixdishesnormally,ofwhichonlytwodishescanbedishes,therestaresetoff.Peacetimebanquets,foodwillbesimpler.IntheirParty,masterprovideonlybeverage,wineandsomesimplefoods,suchascheese,Frenchfries,sandwiches,etc,itdoesnotprovidefood.Visible,theywilleataspartyandtheopportunitytoexchange,istorenewoldfriendshipandmakenewopportunities,butalsoacquireinformationsites,eatsomethingisindispensable,butisnotthemostimportant,donotneedtoshowoff,ostentationandextravagance.Itisbythisideainfluence,westernbanquetisnotsoheavytoeat,andheavybanquetformsofliberalizationanddiversified;Hewillleavenostoneunturnedtocreatearelaxed,harmonious,cheerfulatmosphere,letguestsenjoyaveryfreewonderfultime.
1.3“Collectivism’s.“individualism”
Ininterculturalcommunication,avalueisoneofthemostimportantproblems.Clydebelievesthatvaluesare"individualorcollectiveheldbyanexplicittypeorcontactsthatwhataredesirableconcepts.Ithasacertainnationalitynotionthataffectspeoplefromexistingvariousactionsandobjectivechoice"[3].
InChina,collectivismisleadingvalues.From"Whenamangetstothetop,allhisfriendsandrelationsgettherewithhim."to"Afriendshipofsame,hometown,long-standingandbetweengenerations"inChina,withoutexception,allplayontheChinesecommunityculturalcachet,InBritain,theUnitedStatesandotherwesterncountries,particularlyintheUnitedStates,moreemphasizeonindividualism,emphasizeonindividualvalueanddignity,individualcharacteristicsandthedifference,advocatenovel,encouragetheuniquestyle,therefore,fewwouldaskotherpeople'saffairs.Twodistinctvalueorientationembodiedinthedietalso.UsuallyaChinesedinnermealadoptsisakindofsharingway,Sharingatable,sharingthetableofdishes,oftenadishjustserveathosthospitality,allthecrowdmakeeffortstogethertoeliminatetheplateofthings,finallysettleaccountsalsoscramblingtopay.Byindividualideology,theinfluenceofwesternsocialdinneristhehabitofeachindividual,andeachsubject-objectsomeoftheirownfood,neednotconsiderotherstastesandpreferences,whenhavedinneralsoonlyeattheirdinner,payalsooftentakegoingDutch,eachonepaystoeachaccount.
2.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietcontent
Diet,normallycanspeaktobigorsmall,maycomplicateandsimplification,toeatsatisfiednothungry,foodhands-down,eatsimpleorjustdrinkcanalsotheliving.ButWesternersbelievethatfoodistoappeasehunger,soonlyeatmeatofwholechickenandothe
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