语言学试题1.docx
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语言学试题1.docx
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语言学试题1
语言学试题1
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof__________.
A.aparticularlanguage
B.theEnglishlanguage
C.humanlanguagesingeneral
D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage
2.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:
__________.
A.voiceless,bilabial,stop
B.voiceless,labiodental,fricative
C.voiced,bilabial,stop
D.voiced,labiodental,fricative
3.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa(n)__________.
A.derivationalmorpheme
B.freemorpheme
C.inflectionalmorpheme
D.freeform
4.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich“fall”and“autumn”belongiscalled_____synonyms.
A.stylistic
B.dialectal
C.emotive
D.collocation
5."Iboughtsomeroses"__________"Iboughtsomeflowers".
A.entails
B.presupposes
C.isinconsistentwith
D.issynonymouswith
6.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.
X:
Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?
Y:
Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?
A.quality
B.quantity
C.relation
D.manner
7.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“RomeoandJuliet”‘Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet’wellillustrates_______.()
A.theconventionalnatureoflanguage
B.thecreativenatureoflanguage
C.theuniversalityoflanguage
D.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication
8.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.()
A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk
9.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.
A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence
10.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.
A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative
Ⅱ.Directions:
Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)
11.Asthefirststepoftheirscientificinvestigationoflanguage,linguistshavetoobserveandcollectlinguisticfbeforetheycandoanythingelse.
12.Phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalledsrules.
13.Anindependentunitofmeaningthatcanbeusedfreelybyitselfiscalledaf___________morpheme.
14.Inthecourseoftime, thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs________studies,suchassociologyandpsychology.
15.Thestudyofthelinguisticmeaningofwords,phrases,andsentencesiscalleds.
16.Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledtheCprincipleproposedbyJ.Grice.
17.Ar________isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.
18.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc________antonyms.
19.Whenapcomestobeadoptedbyapopulationasitsprimarylanguageandchildrenlearnitastheirfirstlanguage,itbecomesc.
20.I_________istheapproximatelinguisticsystemthatasecondlanguagelearnerconstructs,whichrepresentsthelearner’stransitionalcompetenceinthetargetlanguage.
Ⅲ.Directions:
Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)
21.()Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe"bestauthors"forlanguageusage.
22.()InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.
23.()Wecanalwaystellbythewordsacompoundcontainswhatitmeansbecausethemeaningofacompoundisalwaysthesumofthemeaningsofitsparts.
24.()Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentencesandsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirrecursiveproperties.
25.()Theconceptualistviewofmeaningholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreference,i.e.betweenlanguageandthought.
26.()Oftheviewsconcerningthestudyofsemantics,thecontextualview,whichplacesthestudyofmeaninginthecontextinwhichlanguageisused,isoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.
27.()InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:
/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.
28.().Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.
29.()Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.
30.()Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.
Ⅳ.Directions:
Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)
41.government
42.complementaryantonym
43.appliedlinguistics
44.perlocutionaryact
45.syntagmaticrelation
46.illocutionaryact
47.morpheme
48.syntax
49.diacritics
50.polysemy
Ⅴ.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)
51.Explainwithexampleswhywesaythatameaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents?
52.Statethedifferencesbetweenthesentencemeaningandutterancemeaning.
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