届高考英语二轮题海特训营4阅读理解细节理解四含答案.docx
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届高考英语二轮题海特训营4阅读理解细节理解四含答案.docx
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届高考英语二轮题海特训营4阅读理解细节理解四含答案
阅读理解-细节理解四
1、 Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsaresbeingraisedbythegiants(巨头)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.
Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime,Thegiants'successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery,Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.
Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:
translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.
Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:
intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.
Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe
21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bormthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.
Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakeformit.Govemmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers'consent.
RestartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasyButifgovemmentsdon'twantsadataoconomybyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.
1.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?
A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket
B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata
C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices
D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants
2.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?
A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensive
B.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirms
C.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingposition
D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts
3.Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould .
A.killanewthreat
B.avoidthesizetrap
C.favourbiggerfirms
D.chargehigherprices
4.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata?
A.Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.
B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.
C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.
D.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.
2 、ElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.
Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.
ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.
ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.
Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.
1.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?
A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.
B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.
C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.
D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.
2.WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?
A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.
B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.
C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.
D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.
3.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_________.
A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction
B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid
C.victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensation
D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst
4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A.TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.
B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.
C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.
D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.
3、 WhileWeChatisChina'sbiggestmobilemessagingapp(应用软件),therearemanyequivalent(相当的)appsinothercountriesthatoffersimilarfeatures(特征).
WhatsApp(US)
Users:
morethan300million
Platforms:
Android,10S,WindowsPhone,BlackBerry
Features:
Textchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharing
Withmorethan300millionactiveusers,WhatsAppisoneofWeChat'sbiggestcompetitors.Developedbytwoex-Yahoo!
employeesin2009,WhatsApporiginallyfocusedontextchat,butonAug6italsostartedpush-to-talkservice.It'snotedforitsaccessibility,easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.Theserviceisfreeforthefirstyear,afterwhich$0.99(6.06yuan)ischargedforone-yearsubscription.
KakaoTalk(SouthKorea)
Users:
morethan100million
Platforms:
Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandBada(anoperateingsystemdevelopedbySamsung)
Features:
Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,groupcalls,filesharing
Withmorethan100millionusersinmorethan230countries,KakaoTalkisamulti-platform(多平台)textingapplicationthatallowsuserstosendandreceivemessagesforfree.WithKakaoTalk,userscanmessageeachotherone-ononeoringroupchatswithunlimitednumbersoffriends.Youcanalsochoosefrommorethan250animatedemoticons(表情符号)andsharethemwithfriends.
Line(Japan)
Users:
morethan200million
Platforms:
Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandPC
Features:
Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharing,gaming,stickers.
Linetopsthelistofthemostdownloadedfreeappsin52countries.Apartfromtextandvoicemessaging,Lineprovidesitsuserswithmorethan250originalstickersandemoticonstobuyfromitsownshop.Inthefirstquarterof2013alone.itmade$,7millionjustfromstickers.ThepopularappalsoallowsfriendstobattleeachotherintheLINEGame.
1.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageisusedto_______.
A.introducethemostpopularmobilemessagingappsinChina
B.talkaboutnewfeaturesinthelatestmobilemessagingapps
C.drawreaders'attentiontovariouspopularmobilemessagingapps
D.explainhowmobilemessagingappshavebecomesopopular
2.Comparedwiththeothertwoapps,whichofthefollowingfeaturesmakesLinestandout?
A.Groupmobilegames.
B.Freestickersandemoticons.
C.Freedownloadoftheapp.
D.Textandgroupchat.
3.OneofthepopularfeaturesofWhatsAppisthatusers_______.
A.cansendandreceivemessagesforfree
B.canenjoylivevideochatswithingroups
C.don'tneedtoworryaboutunwantedads
D.regularlysetfreestickersandemoticons
4、 DuringthepastSpringFestival,manychildrenmayhavereceivedredpacketsfromtheirfamilies.ButXingPu,a40-year-oldeconomist,isaskingthegover
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