宾语从句知识讲稿.docx
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宾语从句知识讲稿.docx
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宾语从句知识讲稿
中考英语:
宾语从句的知识点及练习题
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。
它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
注意:
如果一个词作宾语(即动作的对象),被叫作宾语;一个句子作宾语,被叫作宾语从句。
宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。
现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:
总则:
(1)含宾语从句的复合句的结构:
主句+引导词+宾语从句
(2)宾语从句始终要为陈述句语序
(3)引导词说明了宾语从句的来源:
若引导词是that,则说明宾语从句来源于一个陈述句,是一个完整的句子,所以它常常被省略;若引导词为if或whether,则说明宾语从句来源一个一般疑问句,但在复合句中表现出来的,是一个陈述句的形式,若引导词为一个疑问代词或疑问副词,则说明宾语从句来源一个特殊疑问句,其后的陈述句,是不完整的,因为这个疑问词,在宾语从句中,充当了一个句子成分。
一,引导词:
A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。
that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
(但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中)。
例:
Itoldhimthathewaswrong.
I在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
这就叫作“否定前移”。
例:
Ithinkyouareright.(我认为你做的是对的)
Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)
I在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
(这也说是,当一个句子或非谓语动词作宾语时,而且其后又带的宾语补足语时,常常用it充当形式宾语,而将这个句子或非谓语动词放到句尾。
)
例:
Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。
例:
Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.
Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.
☆但要注意:
以下是三种只能用whether,不能用if的情形。
l.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导,而用whether
例:
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。
2.宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导,而用whether
例:
Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.
3.和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导,而用whether
例:
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。
连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中既有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。
例:
Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?
(which做定语)
Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)
二,宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
即:
连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例:
Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.
HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.
Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.
二,宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,这也是由“主从句时态的呼应性原则”所确定的。
1、即:
主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
2、主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.→
Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.→
ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.
3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.→
Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.
4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.→
ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.
3、如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例:
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.
Couldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
例:
CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?
注意事项:
1、由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化。
基本原则:
当宾语从句的主语为第一人称I、We;me、us;my、our;mine、ours;myself、ourselves时,要变成与主句的主语对应的人称形式(只改变人称形式,数和格不变哟);当宾语从句的主语为第二人称you、your、yours、yourself、yourselves时,要变成与主句里的宾语相应的人称形式,若主句没有宾语中,则要变成第一人称。
(在直接引语变间接引语时,要特别注意。
)其他人称,则不管。
如:
1.Shesaid:
“IhavelearntBookTwobymyselfwithourclassmates.”
ShesaidthatshehavelearntBookTwobyherselfwiththeirclassmates.
2.Sheaskedhim/Tom:
“Doyouhasyourpianolessonswithyoursister?
”
Sheaskedhim/Tomif(whether)hehadhispianolessonswithhissister.
3.Mikeasked(me)“Didyoufindyourlostdogorhislostkeywithherson?
”
Mikeasked(me)if(whether)Ihadfoundmylostdogorhislostkeywithherson
2、宾语从句与简单句的交换。
(同义句的转换)
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。
例:
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.→ Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive.→ Hedidn’tknowwheretolive.
宾语从句方面的练习题
练习题1:
1.Canyousee________?
A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereading
C.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat
2.DoesJackcomefromJapan?
Doyouknow?
(合并成一个句子)
Doyouknow_____Jack_____fromJapan?
3._Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?
_Hetoldmethathe___theDisneywouldthenextday
A.willvisitB.hasvisited C.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit
4.Hedidn’tknow__________
A.what’sthematterB.whatthematteris
C.whatwasthematterD.whatthematterwas
5.Somebodycalledyoujustnow,butIdidn’tknow____
A.whoweretheyB.whotheywereC.whowasitD.whoitwas
6.Iwanttoknow_____
A.whatishisnameB.what’shisname
C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis
7.--Couldyoutellme________sheislookingfor?
--Hercousin,Susan.
A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which
8.---WhatareyousearchingtheInternetfor?
---I’mtryingtofindout____.
A.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSARSandBIRDFLU
B.HowmanypersonshavediedinIraq
C.Howtoprotectourenvironment
D.WhyisourChineseteambeabletobeatKorea
9.Doyouknow___________?
(谁正在唱歌)
10.Doyouknow___________?
(她正在和谁谈话)
11.Doyouknow___________?
(昨天发生了什么事)
Thekeys:
1A.2if,comes.3D.4C.5D.6D.7C.8B
9whoissinging
10whosheistalkingwith
11whathappenedyesterday
习题练习2
I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1.Idon'tknow____hewillcometomorrow.______hecomes,I'lltellyou.
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome
C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend
C.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave
C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_________.
A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
II.按要求转换句型。
1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus?
(改写句子)
Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?
2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?
”heaskedme.(变为复合句)
Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp.
3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.(合并为一个句子)
_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.
4.Whendoesthetrainleave?
Iwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.
5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not...until改写)
They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.
6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?
LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.
宾语从句专项训练参考答案:
I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBDII.
1.if/whether;enjoys2.if/whether;needed
3.Neither;nor4.when;leaves5.didn't;until6.whether;came
I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1.Idon'tknow_____hewillcometomorrow._____hecomes,I'lltellyou.
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome
C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend
C.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave
C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_________.
A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
宾语从句专项训练参考答案:
I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBD
1.宾语从句
【2011北京】1.—Doyouknow____tomorrow?
—At8o'clock.
A.whendidshecomeB.whenshecameC.whenwillshecomeD.whenshewillcome
【2011天津】2.We’llplanttreestomorrow,andIdon’tknow_____Tomwillcomeandjoinus.
A.ifB.whichC.whatD.where
【2011广东】3.Theteacheraskedus________.
A.whendidIfinishmyworkB.whydidn’twetellhimaboutitearlier
C.whatwewereinterestedinD.wherewearegoingtohaveourlunch
【2011•宁夏】4.Bobaskedme_.
A.whatwasshedoingB.whatisshedoingC.whatshewasdoingD.whatsheisdoing
【2011重庆】5.Wedon’tknow_______itnext.Let’sgoandaskMr.Li.
A.whattodoB.todowhatC.whethertodoD.todowhether
【2011重庆】6.Thewomanaskedthepolicemanwhere_______.
A.thepostofficeisB.thepostofficewasC.isthepostofficeD.wasthepostoffice
【2011山西】7.---Mr.Li,Ifoundawatchontheplayground.---Youshouldtrytofindout______
A.whoseisthewatchB.whoistheownerofthewatchC.whomdoesthewatchbelongto
【2011山东】8.-Whatdidtheteachersaytoyoujustnow?
-Sheasked______.
A.wheredidIlearnEnglishB.whereIlearnedEnglish
B.wheredoIlearnEnglishC.whereIlearnEnglish
【2011•广州】9.Ican’tremember_____Iputthebook,andIneeditformyhomeworknow.
A.whereB.howC.whatD.why
【2011江西省】10.I'vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweeken
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