度专八改错真命题及答案解析.docx
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度专八改错真命题及答案解析.docx
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度专八改错真命题及答案解析
2000年-2015年专八短文改错试题
日专业八级考试改错213月2015年WhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshow
______1.onicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundatheluxuryofthe
rink,myfriend'smotherremarkedonthe“plush”seatswehadbeen
______2.given.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,andbeingproudofmy
vocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“Plush”______3.wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation;that
______4.muchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI
startedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,and
tthey?
My
soaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren'______friend'smotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromher5.
expressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.
Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughly
______6.means,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquireboth
______newwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour7.
ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhave
______8.askedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe
______aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9.
speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,
butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.
______Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.10.
**
2014改错
Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguage
acquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950sto
early1960s.
Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions
(1)______
havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:
(2)______
lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthe
samesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?
(3)______
lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave(4)______
moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?
lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?
lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe(5)______
acquisitionofadditionallanguages?
lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthe
learningofadditionallanguages?
Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall(6)______
theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhave
onethingincommon:
Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiring
ofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(7)______
so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditional
language,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder(8)______
focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofan
individual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare
**
involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning(9)______
oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinthe
classroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.(10)______
2013专八短文改错试题.
Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocesses
involvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,
productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith
(1)_____
listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.
Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually
(2)______
happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.(3)______
Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,(4)______
younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptional
circumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity(5)______
involved:
ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;
ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced(6)______
theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if(7)______
wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;or
ifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeet
anyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples(8)______
ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”
revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,(9)______
listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesses
**
werenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful(10)______
experimentstogetatwhatishappening.
2012年
Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.
Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst
(1)
______
centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19century,manywriters
thfavouredcertainkindof“free”translation:
thespirit,nottheletter;the
(2)_______
sensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematternot(3)_______
themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4)_______
wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19(5)_______thcentury,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthat
thelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage(6)_______
wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7)_______
gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8)_______
literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe(9)_______
extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.
Theargumentwastheoretical:
thepurposeofthetranslation,the
natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too
often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith
eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.(10)_____
**
2011年专八真题改错部分
Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,Iknew
thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout1__________
seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidso
withtheconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat2___________
soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.3___________
Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears4__________
oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.For
thisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondeveloped
disagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy5_____________
schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesand
holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom6_________
theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof7________
beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwords
andapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated8________
asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure9________
ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriously10________
intended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodand
boyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirst
poemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.
2010年专八真题改错部分
Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequally
**
completeandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:
thatis,
everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay1________________
thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.2________________
Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive3________________
peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notall
groupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsor
psychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe4_____________
faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakabout
snowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin5______________
English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthose
sometimesmiscalled'primitive')isinherentlymorepreciseand
subtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect6______________
inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.Thepositionis
simplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar7____________
environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms8____________
fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhich
Englishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.9_____________
Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguage
couldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufacture
orcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life.10____________
2009
Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses
**
fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference
(1)___________
betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,
learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe
(2)___________
littlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven(3)____________
grandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeand
transmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With(4)_____________
theplaygroundlore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed(5)___________
onwithintheveryhouritislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpasses(6)_____________
betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommon
forthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfive
years.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeen
currentlyforahundredyears,orevenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatit
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