Colonial Period 1601.docx
- 文档编号:7962865
- 上传时间:2023-01-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:7
- 大小:23.68KB
Colonial Period 1601.docx
《Colonial Period 1601.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Colonial Period 1601.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
ColonialPeriod1601
ColonialPeriod1607---1775
CaptainJohnSmith(1580----1631)thefirstdistinctAmericanliteraturewritteninEnglish.
TrueRelationofVirginia(1608);DescriptionofNewEngland(1616)HisdescriptionsofAmericawerefilledwithmyths,images,scenes,characters,andeventsthatwereafoundationasalandofendlessbounty.Hisdescriptionarefascinating“advertisements”whichtrytopersuadethereadertosettleintheNewWorld.
GeneralHistoryofVirginia,NewEngland,andtheSummerIsles(1624)thefirstfamoustalefromAmericanliterature.
WilliamBradford(1590----1657)Bradford'schronicleOfPlimouthPlantationisaninvaluablerecordofearlyEnglishsettlementinNorthAmerica.
JohnWinthrop(1588----1649)TheHistoryofNewEngland.Throughadirectandvigorousprosestyle,eachaccountattainedliteraryexcellence.Thisworkisinthe“plainstyle”butveryeffective.
CottonMather(1663----1728)DeathMadeEasyandHappy;TheBestWayofLiving,WhichistoDieDaily;
MagnaliaChristiAmericana(1702)whichexhaustivelychroniclesthesettlementofNewEnglandthroughaseriesofbiographiesandwas“themightyactsofChristinAmerica”
AnneBradstreet(1612----1672)TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica;SeveralPoemsCompiledwithGreatWitandLearning(1678).SomeofAnneBradstreet’spoeticventureswereoverambitious,butshewrotewellwhenshedealtwiththesimpleeventsofherdailylife.
EdwardTaylor(1645----1729)
ThePoeticalWorks(1939);PoemsofEdwardTaylor(1960);MetricalHistoryofChristianityTaylorwroteavarietyofverse:
funeralelegies,lyrics,amedieval"debate".HisbestworksaretheseriesofshortPreparatoryMeditations.
JonathanEdwardsHeembodiedthespiritofrevivalism(GreatAwakening)Hehas2goals:
toevoketheoriginalsenseofreligiouscommitmentandtospeakaboutthedifferencebetweenheadthinkingandheartfeeling
BenjaminFranklinAlmanacautobiographyHisStyleisClear,plain,formal(theorganizationofhismaterialisinformal)
TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin
Anaccountofapoorboy’srisetowealthandfameandthefulfillmentoftheAmericandream;Ontheartofself-improvement;FranklinwasthespokesmanofAmericanenlightenment
RomanticPeriod(1828---1865)
1.WashingtonIrvingTheSketchBook(1819);TheSketchGeoffreyGrayon;BracebridgeHall;TalesofaTraveller;TheHistoryoftheLifeandVoyagesofChristopherColumbus.
TheSketchBook(1819),containstwomostenduringstories“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”.Irvingaimsatcreatingapastinwhichhistoryandmythblendintoeachother,providingforarapidlychangingAmericansocietykindofhistoricaltraditionsoapparentinEnglandandsoapparentlyabsentinthenewnation.Inall,TheSketchBookisonEuropeansubjects,mostlyEnglish.Irvingfoundthattherich,oldercultureoftheOldWorldgavehimalotofmaterialforhisstories.
Comment:
1.heisthe1stprosestylistofAmericanromanticism.2.HewasthefirstAmericanauthortowininternationalrecognition,andwasextremelypopularinEurope.3His‘SketchBook’wastheFirstAmericanmodern,AmericanshortstoriesandthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature.4.HeperfectedthebestclassicstylethatAmericanliteratureeverproduced.5.Humor,ironic
JamesFenimoreCooper
TheSpy(1821)TheLeatherstockingTales(1823—1841)ThePilot(1824)TheRedRover(1827
LiteraryAchievements:
1.ThelstsuccessfulAmericannovelist2.Inhisfictionhedealtwiththethemesofwildernessversuscivilization,freedomversuslaw,orderversuschange,aristocratversusdemocrat,andnaturalrightsversuslegalrights.3.Cooperdeveloped3kindsofnovels:
the1stkindisthenovelsabouttherevolutionarypast(“TheSpy”);the2ndistheseanovels(healsowasthe1stwritertowriteanovelonthesea,“ThePilot”);the3rdisnovelsabouttheAmericanfrontier(“ThePioneers”,“ThePathfinder”and“TheDeerslayer”)
Comment:
1.thecharactersinhisfictionhelpcreatethatpartofAmericanmythology:
thestoryofthecowboy,thewinningoftheAmericanWest(daringfrontiersmanandfriendlyIndian)2.Amonghiscomtemporaries,CooperwasthebestinexploringthepossibilitiesoftheAmericanfrontierinfiction.
Transcendentalisms
RalphWaldoEmerson(1803----1882):
Self-Reliance;Nature(1836)
Style:
1.hadareligioussenseofmission.2.accusedthechurchofemphasizingdogmawhilestiflingthespirit.3.avoidedbuildingalogicalintellectualsystembecausesucharationalsystemwouldhavenegatedhisRomanticbeliefinintuitionandflexibility.4calledforthebirthofAmericanindividualisminspiredbynature.5.Mostofhismajorideas,theneedforanewnationalvision,theuseofpersonalexperience,thenotionofthecosmicOver-Soul,andthedoctrineofcompensationaresuggestedinhisfirstpublication,Nature(1836).
Achievement:
1.‘Nature’hasbeencalled“themanifestionofAmericantranscendentalism”2.‘TheAmericanScholar’hasbeencalled“America’sDeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”3.Americanwayinsteadofimitatingthingsforeign.4.Thecontributionbothforphilosophyandliterature.HeinfluencedalonglineofAmericanpoets,includingWaltWhitman,EmilyDickinson,etc,andthephilosophiesofJohnDewey,GeorgeSantayana,etc5.HisperceptionofhumanityandnatureassymbolsofuniversaltruthencouragedthedevelopmentoftheAmericansymbolistmovement.6.Emphasizethecommonlifeworthofhighestart.7.Believedthework’sformwasdeterminedbythewriter’sperceptionofthehighertruthhefoundsymbolizedinnature.
HenryDavidThoreau(1817----1862)Walden;CivilDisobedience
Walden:
From1841–1843Thoreaudecidedtoconductanexperimentofself-sufficiencybybuildinghisownhouseontheshoresofWaldenPondandlivingoffthefoodhegrewonhisfarm.
Comment:
aspiritualbook;adiaryofanaturelover,aclassicofAmericanprose(thisisabookofessaysputtogether,exploringsubjectsconcernedwithNature,withthemeaningoflife,andwithmorality)
3aimsinwritingthebook:
tomakepeopleevaluatethewayhelivedandthought;torevealthehiddenspiritualpossibilitiesineveryone’slife;tocondemntheweaknessanderrorsofsociety
subjects:
1.hisessentialsoflife:
livingratherthangettingaliving2.Itisacondemnationofmakingsocialimprovementandcomfortallimportant.3.Itstressestheimportanceofthoughtovermaterialcircumstance.4.Ithasconfidenceintheindividualandholdsthatindividualfreedombreaksdowntherulesandbarriersofsocietysothattheindividualcanexpresshimselfandactonhisownprinciples.5.Thereisthepossibilityforandimportanceofchangeinone’sspirituallifewhichisinharmonywithnature.
Style:
Propheticvoice;Directforcefulsentence;Conversationalintone;Humor;Proverbialexpressions;Brieftales,fablesandallegories;Metaphors
HighRomantics
NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)Twice-toldTales;MossesfromanOldManse;TheHouseoftheSevenGables;TheBlithedaleRomance;TheMarbleFaun;TheScarletLetter(Hismasterpiece,whichestablishedhimastheleadingAmericannativenovelistofthe19thcentury)
ThemesinWritings:
Moralallegories;Thesinfulman;Hypocrisy;TheDarksideofhumannature;Religiousinnature.
Hawthorne’sPointofView:
1.Evilisatthecoreofhumanlife.2.Wheneverthereissin,thereispunishment.Sinorevilcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.3.Evileducates;4.Evilhasdisgustinscience.Onesourceofevilisoverweeningintellect.Hisintellectualcharactersarevillains,dreadfulandcold-blooded.
Hawthorne’saestheticideas:
1.hetookagreatinterestinhistoryandantiquity.2.Tohimthesefurnishthesoilonwhichhismindgrowstofruition.3.Tryingtoconnectabygonetimewiththeverypresentandmakethedreamstrangethingslookliketruth.4.hewasconvincedthatromancewasthebestformtodescribeAmerica.5.Thepovertyofmaterialsandtheavoidanceofoffendingthepuritantaste——romancesratherthannovelstotellthetruthandsatirizeandyetnottheoffend;
Heusedambiguitytokeepthereaderinaworldofuncertainty.
Hawthorne’sWritingStyle:
1Theuseofsymbol;2.Revelationofcharacters’psychology;3.Theuseofsupernaturalmixedwiththeactual;4.Hisstoriesareparabletoteachalesson;4.Useofambiguitytokeepthereaderintheworldofuncertainty.5.Hisstyleissoft,flowing,andalmostfeminine.
HermanMelville(1819–1891)MobyDick
Maincontent:
Ahabisreadytosacrificehiswholecrewforhispersonalgoal-hisrevengefulobsessiontofindandkillMobyDick
Comment:
1.thegreatestAmericannovel.2.Thebooksuggeststhebeauty,terror,andmysteryofcreation.3.MobyDickisasymbolofnature.4.Natureiscapableofdestroyingthehumanworld.Naturethreatenshumanityandthuscallsouttheheroicpowersofthehumanbeings.Sothepoweroftheuniverseisbothofblessingandcurse.
style:
1.Allusionstoclassicalmyths;2.Athreefoldqualityinhiswriting:
thestyleoffact,thestyleoforatorycelebratingthefact,andthestyleofmeditaion.3.anovelwithmixedstyle:
fictionaladventure;storyhistoricaldetail;scientificdiscussion.
Elementsofthequestmyth:
1.challenge;2.Theheroisalwaysnoble,heisalwaysonthesideofgoodness,hisenemiesarealwaysevil)3.Undergoestrials(physicaltest–slayingadragon,battlingpowerfulopponents,rescuingmaidensindistressetc.)4.Havingcompletedhisquesttheheroreturnstosocietytobringaboutspiritualtransformationandrestoretheperfecthumancommunity.
EdgarAllenPoe(1809—1849)poetry:
TheRaven;IsrafelAnnabelLee;ToHelen;ASonnet:
ToScience;shortstories:
TalesoftheGrotesqueandtheArabesque;MS.FoundinaBottle;TheMurdersintheRueMorgue;The
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Colonial Period 1601