Unit 4Astronomy.docx
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Unit 4Astronomy.docx
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Unit4Astronomy
Unit4Astronomy:
thescienceofthestars
单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1.loudly/loud/aloud2.unlike/dislike3.remain/leave
4.climate/weather5.nowthat/since/because/as
词形
变化
1.violentadj.
violencen.
violentlyadv.
2.fundamentaladj.
n.[pl.]
fundamentallyadv.
fundamentn.
3.developmentn.
developvt.
vi.
developedadj.developingadj.
4.layvtlay---laid---laid---laying
lievi.
lie---lay---lain---lying
lien.&vi.
lie---lied---lied---lying
5.preventvt.
preventionn.
preventableadj.
6.gentleadj.
gentlyadv.
7.physicsn.
physicistn.
physicaladj.
重点
单词
1.systemn.[c]
2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying))
3.harmfuladj.
4.existvi.
5.puzzlev.n.
6.pullv.n.
7.cheervt.&vi.
重点
词组
1.tobeginwith
2.intime
3.inone’sturn
4.prevent...from
5.blockout
6.beoff=setoff
7.breakout
8.watchout
重点句子
1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.
2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.
3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
重点语法
宾语从句和表语从句(见语法部分)
语言要点(模块)
Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1.loudly/loud/aloud
【解释】
loudlyadv
loudadj/adv与sing,speak,talk连用
aloudadv
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Willyoupleasespeak______?
2).ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.
3).Thebombexploded______.
4).Ishervoice______enough?
5).Actionspeaks______thanwords(事实胜于雄辩).
2.unlike/dislike
【解释】
unlikeprep.adj.
dislikevt./n.
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.
2).Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.
3).Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like).
4).Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.
3.remain/leave
【解释】
remainvi.
常用句型:
remain+n.remain+adj./adv./prep.
remain+v-ed/v-ingremaintobedone
leavevt.
常用句型:
leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.
leavesth(forsb)leavesthtosb
remaining/left
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.
2).Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.
3).Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.
4).Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.
5).Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.
6).Don’tleaveher______(wait)outsideintherain.
7).Sheremained_______(change)afteralltheseyears.
8).Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do).
4.climate/weather
【解释】
climate
weather
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.
2).Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.
3).Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.
4).The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.
5.nowthat/since/because/as
【解释】
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.
2)Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.
3).Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.
4)._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.
Ⅱ.词性变化(旨在提供语法填空所需材料)
1.violentadj.
violencen.
violentlyadv.
2.fundamentaladj.
n.[pl.]
fundamentallyadv.
fundamentn.
3.developmentn.
developvt.
vi.
developedadj.
developingadj.
4.layvt.lay---laid---laid---laying
lievi.
lie---lay---lain---lying
lien.&vi.
lie---lied---lied---lying
5.preventvt.
preventionn.
preventableadj.
6.gentleadj.
gentlyadv.
7.physicsn.
physicistn.
physicaladj.
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1).Thenaughtyboy_______(lie)tomethatthehenthat_______(lie)therejustnowhad______(lay)twoeggsthedaybefore.
2).Inmyopinion,________(prevent)ismoreimportantthantreatment.
3).SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullof________(violent)andsex.
4).Withthe________(develop)ofmodernindustry,moreandmorepollutioniscaused.
5).Chinaisa________(develop)countrybelongtothethirdworld.
6).Thereare________(fundament)differencesbetweenyourreligiousbeliefsandmine.
7).Hisambitionistobecomeagreat________(physics).
Ⅲ.重点词汇(旨在提供词汇综合运用材料)
1.systemn.[c]systematicadj
[典例]
1).Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.
2).Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.
[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。
1).The____________(教育系统)operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.
2).Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(铁路系统).
2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)
[典例]
1).Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.
2).Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?
[重点用法]lay短语:
layeggslaysth.aside)
laysth.downlaytheblameonsb.
laythetablelayemphasis/stressonsth.
[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1).Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.
2).Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常强调)individualresponsibility.
3).He______somemoney______forrainydays.
3.harmfuladj.harmn.&vt.
[典例]
Manypeopleareawareoftheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.
[重点用法]
beharmfultosb./sth.doharmtosb.=dosb.harm=harmsb.
[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1).Everyoneknowsthatsmokingis______toyourhealth.
2).Inmanycases,toomuchcareforchildrenfromparentsmightevendo______totheirgrowth.
3).在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。
____________________________________
4.existvi.existencen.
[典例]
1).DoeslifeexistonMars?
2).IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting.
[重点用法]
exist+prep.existonsth.
[练习]用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。
1).Thisplant______only______Australia.
2).Canyou____________suchalowsalary?
3).Idoubtthe______(exist)ofalien.
5.puzzlevt.&vi.n.puzzledadj.puzzlingadj.
[典例]
1).Herreplypuzzledme.
2).Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.
[重点用法]
sth.puzzlessb.sb.bepuzzledbysth.
puzzleabout/oversth.)puzzleone’sbrain
solveapuzzle
[练习]用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。
1).Toexplainthe________(puzzle)findings,heofferstwotheories.
2).I_______(puzzle)thatIhaven’theardfromLizforsolong.
3).Shelistenedwitha_______(puzzle)expressiononherface.
4).Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe_______(puzzle)ofhowlifebegan.
5).He_______(puzzle)whattodonext.
6)._____________________(使我困惑的事情)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.
6.pullv.n.
[典例]
1).YoupushandI’llpull.
2).Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.
[重点用法]
pullahead(ofsb/sth)pull(sb)back
pulloff(sth)pullout(sth.)
pullonpulltogether
[练习]用pull短语的适当形式填空。
1).Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas____________.
2).He____________agunandaimedatthecriminal.
3).Solongaswe____________,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.
7.cheervt.&vi.cheerfuladj.cheerlessadj.
[典例]
1).ThecrowdcheeredloudlyastheQueenappeared.
2).Hewasgreatlycheeredbythenews.
[重点用法]
cheersb.oncheer(sb)up
[练习]用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。
1).Yourvisithasgreatly______himup.
2).Thecrowd______therunners______astheystartedthelastlap.
3).Youlookasthoughyouneed______up.
Ⅳ.重点词组(旨在提供词汇综合运用材料)
1.tobeginwith=tostartwith
[典例]
Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.
[重点用法]
begin/startwithbegin/startsthwith
[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。
1).He______hisspeech______apoem.
2).Hisspeech____________apoem.
3).__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.
2.intime
[典例]
1).Theycaughtthebusintime.
2).Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.
[短语归纳]time短语:
intimeforsth./todosth.innotimeatnotime
atonetimeatatimeattimes=sometimes
allthetimeontimebythetime
forthetimebeingtakeone’stimekilltime
fromtimetotimemanyatimeonceuponatime
atthesametimeaheadoftimeraceagainsttime
timeandagainkeeptimekeepbadtime
takeone’stimehaveagood/nice/hardtime(in)doingsth
It’s(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.
[练习]用time短语填空。
1).Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.
2).Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.
3).Hurryup!
Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.
4)._____________________willIgiveup.
5).Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.
6)._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.
7).Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.
8).You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.
3.inone’sturn
[典例]
Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.
[短语归纳]turn短语:
inturn轮流;byturns
taketurns(todosth.)It’sone’sturntodosth.
[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译句子。
1).Shewenthotandcold______________.
2).我们轮流着开车。
________________________________________________
3).今天轮到谁发言了?
____________________________________________________
4.prevent...from=stop...from=keep....from
[典例]
Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.
【用法辨析】注意:
prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中
from不可省略,因为keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意;但如在被动语态中,
三者的from都不可省;当后接sb’sdoingsth.作宾语时,只能用prevent或stop,不能用keep,
因为没有keepsb’sdoingsth.的句型。
[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。
1).Doctorstookactionto___________________________________(防止这种疾病的蔓延).
2).OfcourseIcan’t_______yourgoingabroad.
3).警察阻止他们携带武器。
______
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