桥梁工程专业毕业论文外文翻译.docx
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桥梁工程专业毕业论文外文翻译.docx
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桥梁工程专业毕业论文外文翻译
外文翻译
Quickfix:
replacementofanoldwoodenbridgein
StPetersburgwascompletedearlierthisyear.
Risingtrafficlevelsanddevelopmentdemandsledtoanoldtramwaybridgebeingrebuiltasacable-stayedcrossingintheRussiancityofStPetersburg.ThenewLazarevskyBridgeacrosstheMalayaNevkawasopenedtotrafficearlierthisyear,replacinganoldwoodenstructurewhichwasbuiltfortramsbutrecentlyhadonlybeenusedbypedestrians.
ThebridgeislocatedinPetrograddistrictandconnectsKrestovskyandPetrogradskyIslandsalongPionerskayaandSportivnayaStreets,bothofwhichareimportanatlinksforlocaltraffic.Whenitwasbuiltin1949,thecrossingwascalledtheKoltovskyBridge,aftertheadjacentMalayaNevkariverembankment.Butin1952,itwasrenamedtocommemoratethelegendaryRussianadmiralMikhailLazarev.TheembankmentandthebridgewereredesignatedtheAdmiralLazarevEmbankmentandLazarevskyBridgerespectively.
BuilttothedesignofengineerVVBlazhevich,theoriginalbridgehad11spans,thecentralonebeingasingle-leafdrawspan.Itwasoriginallydesignedfortramsandwastheonlytramwaybridgeinthecityatthattime.Itstotallengthwas141manditswidthwas11m,thedeckconsistingofmetalbaulksandwoodenplankflooring.Thetimberpostpiersrestedonpiledfoundationsofsteelpipes.Butin2002thetramwaywasclosedandsincethen,thebridgehasonlybeenusedbypedestrians.
ItslocationmeantthatLazarevskyBridgeservedthewesternpartofthecity--thePetrograddistrictsincludingKrestovskyisland.AlltheroadtraffictoKrestovskyislandusedthemainKrestovskyBridgewhichasaconsequencewasconsiderablyoverloaded.SincetheLazarevskyBridgecarriednovehiculartrafficitwasnotconsideredpartoftheroadnetworkofthedistrict.ButplanstobuildanewstadiumattheSeasideVictoryParkonKrestovskyIslandjust3kmfromthebridgesitemeantthatareliabletransportconnectiontotherestofthecitywasrequired.ThelocalauthoritydecidedthatreconstructionoftheLazarevskyBridgewasthebestwaytoprovidethis.
Thesizeofnewbridgewasdeterminedbasedonthepredictedtrafficlevels,takingintoaccounttheprospectivedevelopmentofthedistrict.Accordingtotheforecast,theannualaveragedailytrafficintensityonLazarevskyBridgewillriseto16,000vehiclesperdayby2025.Peakloadsoccurduringmajorsportingeventsatthestadiumwhenthebridgewillberequiredtohelprelievetheareaoftrafficwithinonehour.Thistrafficflowincludes4,500to5,000cars,soevenifthePetrovskyBridgeweretoberebuilt,theLazarevskyBridgeneededtwolanesoftrafficinbothdirectionsinordertodothis.
Takingintoconsiderationthefactthatthetimberstructuresofthebridgehadbeeninuseformorethan55years,ifthebridgereconstructionhadbeenrestrictedtothewideningandstrengtheningoftheexistingsuperstructureandpiers,itwouldnothaveensuredthelongevityofthefixedbridgeandmighthaveledtohighoperationcosts.Anotherconsiderationwasthattheappearanceofamulti-spanstructurewithbulkypierswouldnothavefittedintothearchitecturalstylethatisemergingwithconstructionofmodernbuildingsonKrestovskyIslandandtheadjacentembankments.
Asaresult,thedecisionwastakentocompletelydemolishtheexistingbridgeandreplaceitwithanewstructureonthesamealignment.Aspartoftheproject,someofSportivnayaStreetontherightbankhadtobewidened,andimprovementoftheadjacentareawasalsoincluded.
Thehistoryoftheprojectdatesbackmorethanadecadeto1998,whenJSCInstituteStrojproectwonthetendertocarryoutafeasibilitystudyintothereconstructionofLazarevskyBridgeanditsapproaches.
Evenatthistime,thearchitectIgorSerebrennikovhaddevelopedanoriginalarchitecturalconceptofthebridgewhichinvolveduseofacable-stayedsystem.Thisconceptwasapprovedbythecity'scommitteefordevelopmentbutfinancialproblemsmeantthatthedesignwassuspendedforsevenyearsbeforeitresumed.
In2003,theprojectwasincludedinthetargetprogrammeofdesignandsurveyworks,andthetenderfordesigndevelopmentwasofficiallyannounced.AgaintheseworkswereawardedtoJSCInstituteStrojproect.Thereconstructiondesignwascompletedin2007andwasreceivedpositivelybytheStateExpertReviewBoard;constructionbeganattheendofthatyear.
Thestructuralconceptofthebridgewasapprovedbasedonthecomparisonoftechnicalandeconomicaloptions.Oneofthemainrestrictionswasthestrictlimitationonthesuperstructureconstructiondepth.Ontheonehand,itwaslimitedbytheneedtomaintainunderbridgeclearancefornavigation,whileontheotherhandthedecklevelwasgovernedbytheheightofAdmiralLazarevEmbankment,whichcouldnotberaised,ac
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