浙江省高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解3.docx
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浙江省高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解3.docx
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浙江省高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解3
科普知识阅读理解(3
科普知识(阅读理解由(2013北京,D改编
Multitasking
Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatonce,anewresearchsuggests.Thefindings,basedonperformancesandself-evaluationsbyabout275collegestudents,indicatethatmanypeoplemultitasknotoutofadesiretoincreaseproductivity,butbecausetheyareeasilydistracted(分心andcan’tfocusononeactivity.And“thosepeopleturnouttobetheworstathandlingdifferentthings,”saidDavidSanbonmatsu,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah.
Sanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesgavethestudentsasetoftestsandaskedthemtoreporthowoftentheymultitasked,howgoodtheythoughttheywereatit,andhowsensation-seeking(寻求刺激orimpulsive(冲动theywere.Theythenevaluatedtheparticipants’multitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltaskthatrequiredthestudentstodosimplemathematicalcalculationswhilerememberingasetofletters.
Notsurprisingly,thescientistssaid,mostpeoplethoughttheywerebetterthanaverageatmultitasking,andthosewhothoughttheywerebetteratitweremorelikelytoreportusingacellphonewhiledrivingorviewingmultiplekindsofmediaatonce.Butthosewhofrequentlydealwithmanythingsatthesametimewerefoundtoperformtheworstattheactualmultitaskingtest.Theyalsoweremorelikelytoadmittosensation-seekingandimpulsivebehavior,whichconnectswithhoweasilypeoplegetboredanddistracted.
“Peoplemultitasknotbecauseit’sgoingtoleadtogreaterproductivity,butbecausethey’redistractible,andtheygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotasimportant.”Sanbonmatsusaid.
AdamGazzaley,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,whowasnotamemberoftheresearchgroup,saidonelimitationofthestudywasthatitcouldn’tfindoutwhetherpeoplewhostartoutlessfocusedtendtowardmultitaskingorwhetherpeople’srecognizingandunderstandingabilitieschangeasaresultofmultitasking.
Thefindingsdosuggest,however,whythesensation-seekerswhomultitaskthemostmayenjoyriskydistracteddriving.“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations,”saidPaulAtchley,anotherresearchernotinthegroup.“Thismaypartlyexplainwhypeoplegoinforthesesituationseventhoughthey’redangerous.”
1.TheresearchledbySanbonmatsuindicatesthatpeoplewhomultitask.
A.seekhighproductivityconstantly
B.preferhandlingdifferentthingswhengettingbored
C.aremorefocusedwhendoingmanythingsatatime
D.havethepoorestresultsindoingvariousthingsatthesametime
2.WhenSanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesconductedtheirresearch,they.
A.assessedthemultitaskingabilityofthestudents
B.evaluatedtheacademicachievementsofthestudents
C.analyzedtheeffectsoftheparticipants’trickymentaltasks
D.measuredthechangesofthestudents’understandingability
3.AccordingtoSanbonmatsu,peoplemultitaskbecauseoftheir.
A.limitedpowerincalculation
B.interestsindoingthingsdifferently
C.inabilitytoconcentrateononetask
D.impulsivedesiretotrynewthings
4.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthatmultitaskersusually.
A.driveveryskillfully
B.goinfordifferenttasks
C.failtoreactquicklytopotentialdangers
D.refusetoexplainthereasonsfortheirbehavior
语篇解读:
本文为一篇科普文,介绍了Sanbonmatsu与他的同事们的一项研究结果:
同时做很多事情的人往往会有最糟糕的结果,这是因为这些人做事情不专心,他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。
答案及剖析:
1.D细节理解题。
由文章第一段的“Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatonce...”可知,这样的人在同时做很多事情时
往往会有最差的结果,故正确答案为D项。
2.A细节理解题。
文章第二段提到他们让参与测试的学生做这做那,然后他们“evaluatedtheparticipants’multitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltask...”,由此可知,Sanbonmatsu和他的同事们在测试中评估了学生们的多任务处理能力。
3.C细节理解题。
根据第一段后半部分中的“butbecausetheyareeasilydistracted(分心andcan’tfocusononeactivity.”可知,人们进行多任务化的原因是他们不具备专注于一项任务的能力。
此外,倒数第三段的内容也有提示。
故选C项。
4.C推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations.”可知,喜欢多任务化的人一般对危险情况不太敏感,由此可推断他们通常不能对潜在的危险做出快速的反应。
故C项正确。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.multitaskvt.承担多项任务,做多项工作
Thosewhooftenmultitaskmayfacemorepressures.
那些经常承担多项任务的人,可能要面对更多的压力。
2.distractibleadj.注意力分散的;心烦意乱的。
Itisdangerousifyouaredistractiblewhiledriving
如果你开车时精力不集中,那是很危险的。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项。
(2014·枣庄高三模拟
MicrosoftfounderBillGateshasopenedupaboutbeingaparent,statingthat13isanappropriateageforachild’sfirstcellphone.
The57yearold,fatherofthree,revealedonTheTodayShowthathischildrenJenniferandRorywerenotallowedphonesuntiltheir13thbirthdayandhisyoungestdaughterPhoebeisstillwaitingforone.
“We’vechoseninourfamilythatit’s13whereyougetaphone,”theselfmadebillionaireexplained.
Hesaidasaresulthischildrenoftenreturnhomefromschoolcomplaining,“Alltheotherkidshaveone.I’mtheonlyonewithoutone.It’ssoembarrassing.”Askedifhekeepspasswordstohissonanddaughters’emailandFacebookaccounts,
MrGatessaidthathedoesn’tforJennifer,16,whohedescribesas“independent”.Headmittedthatmonitoringonlineactivityis“averytrickyissueforparentsnow”.DespitetheirvastwealthMrandMrsGates,wholiveinLakeMedina,havesaidtheywanttogivetheirchildrenasnormalanupbringingaspossible.
Itwaspreviouslyreportedthattheiryoungstershavetocompletehouseholdchoresandaregivenamodestamountofpocketmoney.
Andin2010MrGatessaidthatheintendstogivemostofhis$61billionfortuneawayratherthanhanditdown.“Thatwouldn’tbegoodeitherformykidsorsociety,”hesaid.
AlsoduringtheTodayinterviewwithhostMattLauer,MrGates,whosteppeddownfromMicrosoftin2008toconcentrateonphilanthropy,saidthathelpingothersgiveshimthesameexcitementascreatingsoftware.
“Whatyoureallyfeeliswhatyou’veachieved.Ifapieceofsoftwaregetsoutthereandlotsofpeopleloveit—itletsthemgettheirworkdoneinbetterways—that’sexciting,”heexplained.
1.BillGateswillnotlethischildrenownacellphone________.
A.untiltheyreachtheageof13
B.iftheydon’treallyneedone
C.unlesstheydosomehousework
D.beforetheybecomeindependent
2.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutBillGates’children?
A.Allhischildrennowhavecellphones.
B.Phoebehasherowncellphone.
C.Theyarenotgivenanypocketmoney.
D.JennifercanusetheInternetfreely.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”refertointhetext?
A.Beingaparentasabillionaire.
B.Handingallhismoneydowntohischildren.
C.Allowinghischildrentohavetheirphones.
D.Givingawayallhismoneytogoodcauses.
4.WhatcanwelearnaboutBillGatesfromthetext?
A.Heisawarmheartedfathertohischildren.
B.Hehascreatedalotofsoftwaresince2008.
C.Henowdevoteshimselftohelpingothers
D.Hecaresmoreaboutmoneythananythingelse.
5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.HowBillGatesmadehimselfabillionaire.
B.HowBillGatesdealswithhismoney.
C.HowBillGatesmanagedhisbusiness.
D.HowBillGatesbringsuphischildren.
语篇解读本文为一篇说明文。
微软公司的创始人比尔·盖茨认为:
孩子只有到13岁以后才能使用手机。
本文通过一些类似的例子说明了比尔·盖茨教育孩子的办法。
1.解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段内容可知,比尔·盖茨只允许年满13岁的孩子使用手机。
答案:
A
2.解析:
推理判断题。
根据第五段内容可推断出,比尔·盖茨不对Jennifer的邮箱和Facebook账户设置密码,因为他认为年满16岁的Jennifer已经“独立”了,即她可以自由地使用网络。
答案:
D
3.解析:
指代判断题。
画线词所在句子意为:
那对我的孩子和整个社会都不好。
由于that指代上文中提到过的事,所以根据上一句“在2010年盖茨先生说他打算把他610亿美元的财产大部分都捐出去而不是留给自己的孩子”可知,此处that指把自己的财产留给孩子。
答案:
B
4.解析:
推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段中的“MrGates,whosteppeddownfromMicrosoftin2008toconcentrateonphilanthropy(慈善事业”可知,比尔·盖茨现在专心于慈善事业,即帮助别人。
答案:
C
5.解析:
主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,文章通过介绍比尔·盖茨给孩子配手机时有年龄限制让孩子做家务,和他不准备把所有财产都留给孩子的例子,说明了盖茨先生想让自己的孩子像普通家庭的孩子一样成长,这些都是比尔·盖茨教育孩子的方法。
答案:
D。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项。
(2014·鹰潭市高三第二次模拟考试
Therearemanyolderpeopleintheworldandtherewillbemanymore.Alimeknownfactisthatover60percentoftheolderpeopleliveindevelopingcountries.According
totheWorldHealthOrganization,by2020therewillbe1billion,withover700millionlivingindevelopingcountries.Itisasurprisingfactthatthepopulationageingisparticularlyrapidindevelopingcountries.Forexample,ittookFrance115yearsfortheproportionofolderpeopletodoublefrom7percentto14percent.ItisestimatedtotakeChinaamere27yearstoachievethissameincrease.Whataretheimplicationsoftheseincreasednumbersofolderfolk?
Oneofthebiggestworriesforgovernmentsisthatthelongerpeoplelive,themorelikelihoodthereisfordiseasesandfordisability.Attentionisbeingpaidtotheneedtokeeppeopleashealthyaspossible,includingduringoldage,tolessenthefinancialburdenonthestate.Anothersignificantproblemistheneedfortheyoungergenerationstounderstandandvaluetheolderpeopleintheirsociety.InsomeAfricancountries,certainlyinAsia,olderpeoplearerespectedandregardedastheoneswithspecialknowledge.Yettraditionsarefadingawaydaily,whichdoesnotensurethecontinuedhighregardofolderpeople.Associetychanges,attitudeswillchange.Muchneedstobedonetogetridofagediscrimination(歧视inemployment.Lifelonglearningprogramsneedtobeprovidedtoenableolderpeopletobeactivemembersinacountry’sdevelopment.Socialsecuritypoliciesneedtobeestablishedtoprovideadequateincomeprotectionforolderpeople.Bothpublicandprivateschemesarevitalinordertobuildasuitablesafetynet.Toachieveequalityinsuchmatterswilltakeconsiderabletimeandeffort.Onethingissure:
thereisnotimetobelost.1.Theproportionofolderpeople________.A.isbiggerindevelopedcountriesthanindevelopingcountriesB.isoneseventhofthepopulationindevelopingcountriesC.willincreasemuchfasterinChinathaninFranceD.willbesixtypercentindevelopingcountriesby20202.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaregovern
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