届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一15页word 版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一15页word 版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一15页word版
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一
[一]
InsideasecuredroominabeautifulcastlenearParis,asmallmetalcylinder(圆柱体)restsonashelfbeneathadoublesetofbelljars.Ithaslainthereformorethanacentury,itsrestonlyoccasionallydisturbedwhentheroom’sthreekeyholdersperformacoordinatedopeningceremonytolettechniciansenterandcleanthispreciouspieceofmetal.
First,thecylinderisrubbedwithapieceofsoft,alcohol-soakedcloth.Thenitissteamedwithpurewater.Finally,the1kgcylinderisreturned,carefully,toitsrestingplace.
Suchattentiontoalumpofmetalisunusual,buthasapurpose.ThecastlehousestheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresandthatpieceofshining,circularmetalisitsholiestrelic.Itisthedefiningmass(质量)againstwhichallotherkilogramsaremeasured.Thisistheinternationalprototype,orstandard,ofthekilogram.TheIPK,inshort.
Dozensofcarefullyweightedcopiesoftheoriginalhavebeenmade.Theyarestoredaroundtheworldandusedtostandardiseindividualnations’weightsandmeasuressystems.
ButthedaysoftheIPK,initscurrentform,arenumbered.TheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasureshasdecidedtoreplacethissinglephysicalspecimenwithamorefundamentalmeasurement–basedonelectriccurrent–inordertodefinethemassofanobject.Thekingofkilogramsisabouttobedethroned.
“Onekeyreasonfordoingthisworkistoprovideinternationalsecurity,”saysBureauspokesmanPaulRobinson.“Ifthecastleburneddowntomorrowandthekilogramwasdestroyed,wewouldhavenoreferenceleftfortheworld’smetricweightssystem.Therewouldbechaos.ThecurrentdefinitionofthekilogramistheweightofthatcylinderinParis,afterall.”
AnothermajormotivationforthereplacementoftheIPKisthegrowingneedtobeabletocarryoutmoreandmoreprecisemeasurements.“Drugcompanieswillsoonbewantingtouseingredientsthatwillhavetobemeasuredintermsofafewmillionthsorevenbillionthsofagram,”saysRobinson.“Weneedtobepreparedtoweighsubstanceswiththatkindofaccuracy.”
32.WhatdoweknowabouttheIPKfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
A.It’scaredforwithgreatdevotion.
B.It’susedinreligiousceremonies.
C.It’sbeautifullydesignedanddecorated.
D.It’sthemostvaluablemetalintheworld.
33.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dethroned”underlinedinparagraph5?
A.rebuiltB.removedC.destroyedD.upgraded
34.WhatisareasonforreplacingthecurrentIPK?
A.Toprotectthemetalcylinderfromdamage.
B.Tomaketakingmeasurementsmoreeconomical.
C.Toprovideallcountrieswiththesamestandard.
D.Tosatisfytheincreasingdemandforexactness.
35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.Nomorekilos
B.Aheavytechnology
C.Thefutureofthekilo
D.Thehistoryofmeasures
参考答案:
32.A33.B34.D35.C
[二]
D
Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceansareincreasinglythreatenedbynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.
Thenoisethataffectsseacreaturescomesfromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosions,oceandrillingandshipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefields,underwaterearthquakes,andsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.
Decibels(分贝)measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.Anoiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwater,adecibellevelofonehundredandninetyfivewouldhavethesameeffect.
Somescientistshavesuggestedsettinganoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibelsintheoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales(鲸鱼).
AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.
Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales'abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.Someofthewhalesevendied.Theexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleedandbecomeinfected(被感染的).
Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsareagainstalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.
Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.However,manyscientistsdon'tthinkthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieved.Theywanttopreventnoisesfromharmingcreaturesintheocean.
32.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisincreasinglydangeroustoseacreatures?
A.thesoundofcars.B.thesoundofvoices.
C.manmadenoisepollution.D.thesoundofsteps.
33.Accordingtothepassage,naturalsoundsincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.
A.soundsmadebyanimalsthemselves
B.oceandrilling
C.underwaterearthquakes
D.thebreakingoficefields
34.Whichofthefollowingisdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?
A.Thesamenoiselevelproducesadifferenteffectonlandandintheocean.
B.Differentplacesmayhavedifferenttypesofnoises.
C.Thedecibelisnotarightunit(单位)formeasuringunderwaternoise.
D.Differentoceananimalsmayhavedifferentreactionstonoises.
35.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillscientistsmostprobablydointhefuture?
A.Theywillworkhardtoreduceoceannoisepollution.
B.Theywillprotectanimalsfromharmfulnoises.
C.Theywilltrytosetalimitof120decibels.
D.Theywillstudytheeffectofoceannoisepollution.
参考答案:
32---35CBAB
[三]
Anyonewithapassinginterestintheirhealthwillbeabletorattle__offafewofthemajorvitamins,andpossiblytakeaneducatedguessatwhattheydo.VitaminC,foundinorangesandotherfruitandvegetables,isimportantforwoundrepair.Andthemuch-talked-about‘sunshine’VitaminD,prod
ucedbytheskininresponsetoUVlight,isessentialforstrongbones.
ButVitaminP?
Itmightwellhaveyouscratchingyourhead.Andthat'snotsurprising:
thetermwasfirstcoinedinthe1930stodescribeasmallgroupofcompoundsthatprovidepigment(天然色素)toplants,andwerebelievedtohavehealthbenefits.Fast-forwardalmostacenturyandthesecompoundsarenowbetterknownasflavonoids.
Today,scientistshaveidentifiedbetween4,000and6,000differentkindsandwenowknowtheyareresponsibleformanyoftheflavorsandsmellsoffruitandvegetablesandalsothattheyprotectthemfrominvaderssuchaspestsandbacteria.
Theyareequallyimportantnutrientsforthebody,helpingmaintainbonesandteeth,andfortheproductionoftheproteincollagen(胶原),whichprovidesstructuretobloodvessels,musclesandskin.
Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness,includingoxidation(氧化),anaturalprocessbywhichthebody'scellsageandcanbecomedamagedanddefective(有缺陷的).Thatmeanstheycouldhelptoprotectagainstchronicdiseasesincludingcancerandheartdisease.
(A)28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“rattleoff”underlinedinParagraph1?
A.Quicklysay.B.Quicklypass.
C.Quicklyfind.D.Quicklytake.
【解析】rattlesthoff的意思是一口气说出。
从第一段后面出现的guess和much-talked-about等词可以做出正确判断。
(D)29.WhatdoweknowaboutVitaminP?
A.Wewouldscratchourheadifwetookit.
B.Itwasmadeintoacoininthe1930s.
C.Peopledidn'tthinkitbeneficialinthepast.
D.Itreferstothecompoundsalsocalledflavonoids.
【解析】第二段Itmightwellhaveyouscratchingyou
rhead.是指它很有可能会让你挠头(冥思苦想),故A选项错。
thetermwasfirstcoinedinthe1930s是指这个术语是20世纪30年代被创造的,故B选项错。
从werebelievedtohavehealthbenefits可知C选项错。
从thesecompoundsarenowbetterknownasflavonoids可知D选项正确。
(B)30.HowmanyfunctionsofVitaminPforhumansarementioned?
A.Four.B.Three.
C.Two.D.One.
【解析】第一种为:
forthebody,helpingmaintainbonesandteeth;第二种为:
fortheproductionoftheproteincollagen(胶原),whichprovidesstructuretobloodvessels,musclesandskin;第三种为:
Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness.Thatmeanstheycouldhelptoprotectagainstchronicdiseasesincludingcancerandheartdisease.
(A)31.HowdoesVitaminPhelpslowtheagingprocess?
A.Bydealingwithoxidation.
B.Bymaintainingbones.
C.Bystrengtheningmuscle.
D.Byprotectingagainstchronicdiseases.
【解析】从最后一段includingoxidation(氧化),anaturalprocessbywhichthebody'scellsageandcanbecomedamagedanddefective(有缺陷的),可知VitaminP可帮助抗氧化。
[四]
TheGreatFireofLondonstartedintheveryearlyhoursof2September1666.Infourdaysitdestroyedmorethanthree-quartersoftheoldcity,wheremostofthehouseswerewoodenandclosetogether.Onehundredthousandpeoplebecamehomeless,butonlyafewlosttheirlives.
ThefirestartedonSundaymorninginthehouseoftheKing'sbaker(面包师)inPuddingLane.Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.Astrongwindblewthefirefromthebakery(面包房)intoasmallhotelnextdoor.ThenitspreadquicklyintoThamesStreet.Thatwasthebeginning.
Byeighto'clockthreehundredhouseswereonfire.OnMondaynearlyakilometerofthecitywasburningalongtheRiverThames.Tuesdaywastheworstday.Thefiredestroyedmanywell-knownbuildings,oldStPaul'sandtheGuildhallamongthem.
SamuelPepys,thefamouswriter,wroteaboutthefire.Peoplethrewtheirthingsintotheriver.Manypoorpeoplestayedintheirhousesuntilthelastmoment.Birdsfelloutoftheairbecauseoftheheat.
ThefirestoppedonlywhentheKingfinallyorderedpeopletodestroyhundredsofbuildingsinthepathofthefire.Withnothinglefttoburn,thefirebecameweak
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