工程机械外文翻译.docx
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工程机械外文翻译.docx
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工程机械外文翻译
二○一四届毕业设计
外文翻译
学院:
工程机械学院
专业:
工程机械
姓名:
学号:
指导教师:
完成时间:
2014年3月28日
1RecommendationsforPaving/PointstoNote
1.1BasicPrinciples
⏹Beforestartingwork,theminimumandmaximumpavewidthsshouldbeestablishedandthepaverbesetupaccordingly.
⏹Thepavingsequenceshouldbeco-ordinatedwiththeotherteamsonsiteinordertoassurethesupplyofmaterialandpreventthehotmixbeingdrivenovertoosoon.
⏹Thefeedvehiclesmustbeorganizedinsuchawayastoensureacontinuoussupplyofmixwithasfewpaverstopsaspossible.
⏹Checkwiththemixingplant(s)toensurethatmixwillbesuppliedasplanned.
⏹Checkserviceabilityoftheroadpaver(fillinglevels,electricalandhydraulicfunctions,etc.).
⏹Thefeedvehicle’starpaulincovershouldonlyberemovedjustbeforedumpingthehotmixinordertopreventitcooling.
⏹Thepavespeedshouldbeasconstantaspossible.Ifmixcanonlybesuppliedtoalimitedextent,itisbettertocontinuepavingslowlyanduniformlythantointerrupttheprocessbypaverstops.
⏹Intheeventofprolongeddisruptionsinthesupplyofmixandincoolweather,itisadvisabletouseuptheentiremixstoredinthepaverandthentoliftupandcleanthescreed.Thescreedcanbere-loweredandtheworkcontinuedwhenthesupplyofmixisresumed.
⏹Thecompositionandtemperatureofthemixshouldbecheckedregularly.
⏹Thelayerthicknessshouldbecheckedregularlywhilepavinginordertoavoiderrors.
⏹WhenusingAutomatedGradeandSlopeControl,thesensorsmustbecheckedtoensurethattheyareoperatingcorrectly.
⏹Pavingbyhandshouldonlybedoneinexceptionalcases,suchasonsmallsurfacesorincornersinaccessibletothepaver.
⏹Therollersusedforsubsequentcompactionmustbedimensionedinaccordancewiththemix(compactability),pavedareainsquaremetres,temperatureofthemix,surroundingsandbasesothatrollercompactioniscompletedbeforethemixhascooled.
⏹Thepavementshouldonlybere-openedtotrafficwhenthetemperatureofthemixhasdroppedbelow40°Cinordertopreventanyriskofdeformation.
⏹Thepavespeedshouldbekeptconstantthroughoutthepavingjob,ifpossible.
⏹Attheendofthedayorbetweenpavingsessions,atransversejointistobeinstalled.
⏹Adjustmentsonthescreedwhilepavingshouldbekepttoaminimum.
⏹Thepaver’smaterialhoppershouldnotberunempty(toavoidsegregation).
⏹Ifnokerbstonesareinstalled,wearingcourseshouldalwaysbepavedwiththescreedinScreedFloatmode.DonotuseAutomatedGradeandSlopeControl.
2ImperfectPaving
2.1PavingProblems/PavingErrors
2.1.1IrregularitieswhenPassingOverMix
Fault/Cause
Unlesscompensatedbymovementofthetowpointrams,mixwhichhasspilledintotheareaofthewheelsorcrawlertrackswillleadtoachangeinthescreedplaninganglewhenpassedoverandcauseirregularitiestoappearinthepavement.
Remedy
-Avoidspillingmixintheareaofthewheelsorcrawlertracksandremoveanymixwhichhasspilled.
-Fortrackedpavers,fitbaffleplatesinfrontofcrawlertracks.
2.1.2PavementIrregularitiesduetoLargeScreedPlaningAngle
Fault/Cause
Whenpavingmixofpoorbearingcapacity(e.g.basecourse),thescreedadoptsatoolargeplaninganglewhilepavingtoreachthespecifiedlayerthickness.Atoolargescreedplaninganglepromotesirregularitiesinthepavement.
Remedy
-UsetheScreedAssistfunction.
-Setalow,constantpressure.
-Increasetamperspeedandreducethepavespeed.
-Increasethetamperstrokelength.
Recommendation
TheScreedAssistfunctionshallnotbeusedwhenpavingwearingcourse.
2.1.2BuldgeFormedwhenResumingPaving
Fault
Smallirregularitiesappearatshortintervals.
Cause
Herethescreedplaningangleisnegative.Asaresult,onlythetamperbarandthefrontpartofthescreedplateareactuallyincontactwiththemix.Thesmallcontactareaisnotsufficienttolevelouttheirregularitiesinthesurface.
Remedy
-Thescreedplaningangleisnormallypositive.Thisistheonlywaytoensurethattheentirescreedplateisusedtoleveloutminorirregularitiesinthepavement.Aconstant,levelsurfaceisproduced.
-Thescreedplatesofanextendingscreedmustallbesettothesameplaninganglesothatthescreed‘sfloatingbehaviourisnotimpairedbydifferentpavewidths.
-Theleadingedgeofthescreedplateontheextendingunitsshouldbeatleast0.5mmhigherthanthetrailingedgewhensettingupthescreed.
2.2PeriodicIrregularitiesinLongitudinalDirection
Fault
-Pavementirregularitiesatalmostconstantintervals.
-Theirregularitiesaremorepronouncedintheareaoftheextendingunitsthanbehindthebasicscreed.
Cause
-Irregularitiesinthereferencefromwhichthegradesensorpicksuptheactualelevation(e.g.saggingtensionedwire).
-Thedistancebetweenstakesshouldbenomorethan6m.
-Wornteflontapesintelescopingtubes.
-Wearinthetorquerestraintsystem.
-Slackintheextendingunits‘mechanismsforheightadjustment.
-Looseboltsonthescreedarm.
2.2.1SegregationinGeneral
Fault
Segregationinthesurfacebehindthescreed.
Cause
Segregationcaneasilyoccurwhenpavingmixescontainingdifferentgrainsizesandlittlebinder.Largergrainsinthemixtendtocollectoutside,infrontofthepile.Suchsegregationmayariseasthemixisloadedintothetruck,whentransferredtothepaverorwhenconveyedthroughthepaver.
Remedy
-Ifthesegregationoccursinthepaver‘smaterialhopper,theconveyorshouldbecoveredwithmixwhenthehoppersidesarefoldedin.
-Inaddition,thehoppersidesshouldbeoperatedaslittleaspossibleinordernottomovecoarsegrainsfromthesidesinwardsontotheconveyorandtotherearofthemachine.Thehoppersidesshouldonlybefoldedinifthematerialatthesidesiscoolingoffsorapidlythatitcannolongerbelaid.
-Ifsegregationoccursinfrontofthescreed,itmaybepossibletoimprovethesituationbyadjustingtheaugerheight.Ifthisprovesunsuccessful,smallerordifferentaugerbladescan,inaddition,befittedtotheaugershaft.Iftheaugerbladesaresmallerordifferent,theaugermustrotatemorequicklyormorecontinuouslysothatthematerialismixedmoreeffectivelyintheaugertunnel.Limitingplatesfortheaugertunnelandstrike-offplatesshallbefittedregardlessofthesizeofaugerblades.
-Ifsegregationoccursintheareaofthecentreaugerbox,thescreedcanbemovedfurthertotherearinordertoincreasetheheadofmixinfrontofthescreedandensurethatallgrainsizesareactuallyconveyedbehindthecentreaugerbox.
2.2.2TransverseStrips
Fault
Stripsofsegregatedmaterialappearinthepavementatrightanglestothedirectionoftravelaftereverychangeoffeedtruck.
Cause
Segregationisalwayspromotedbyapoorconditionofthemix(notenoughbitumen,notsufficientlyhomogeneous).Itisalsopromotedbyoperationofthehoppersideswhenthehopperisalmostempty,withtheresultthatsegregatedmaterialismovedtotheaugertunnel.
Remedy
-Operatethehoppersideslessoftenandnotatallwhenthehopperisalmostempty.
-Seetoitthatthematerialhopperisalwayswellfilled.
2.2.3StripsintheMiddleofthePavement
Fault
Aporous/roughstripofsegregatedmaterialappearsinthemiddleofthepavement.
Cause
Segregationispromoted,particularlyinthemiddleofthepavement,iftheheadofmixinfrontofthescreedistoolow.
Remedy
-Increasedistancebetweencentreaugerboxandtampershield.
-Setaugertoahigherposition.
-Turnoneortwoaugerbladesintheareaofthecentreaugerboxroundtoconveymixinwardsorfitsmalleraugerbladesinstead.
2.2.4StripsintheLateralAreasofthePavement
Fault
Stripsofsegregatedmixappearinthelateralareasofthepavementwithincreasingpavewidth.
Cause
Segregationispromotedbytheabsenceoflimitingplatesfortheaugertunnelandifthesensorsforthemixlevelintheaugertunnelhavenotbeensetcorrectly.
Remedy
-Fitlimitingplatesacrossthemaximumpavewidth,ifnecessary.
-Installmixlevelsensorsatthesidesandseetooptimalsetting.
-Ensureagood,constantlevelofmixintheaugertunnel.
2.2.5PatchesofMixintheSurfaceTexture
Fault
Changesinthesurfacetextureappearsporadicallywhilepaving.Thesurfaceissmootherorsmearedwithbitumen.
Cause
Thefaultisduetomainlyfinegrainswithahighbitumencontent,suchasresiduesfromthemixingplantwhicharedetacheduncontrolledlyanddeliveredtothesitewiththemix.Suchaccumulationofmixmayalsooccurifthescreedhasnotbeenheatedsufficiently.Insuchacase,finesaccumulateatthetampershieldoratthetamperbarandarethendetacheduncontrolledlyfromtimetotime,changingthesurfacetexture.
Remedy
-Checkthescreedheatingsystemforcorrectoperation.
-Paverandscreedmustbecleanedthoroughlyafteruse.
-Ifnecessary,demount,cleanandre-adjustthetampershield.
-Informthemixingplantoperatorofthesegregation.
-Reducetamperspeed.
2.3Imprints
Fault
Thetrailingedgeofthescreedleavesanimprintatrightanglestothepavewidth.
Cause
Thescreedsinksintothemixduringapaverstop.Thismaybeduetoaninterruptioninthefloatingofthescreed,sothatthescreedispressedontothematerialundertheforceofitsownweight.Theimprint,however,mayalsobeduetoroughdockingbythefeedtruckatthefront,withashockpropagatingtothescreedattherearofthepaver.
Remedy
-Ensurethattheramsforraising/loweringthescreedholdthescreedduringthep
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