英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析.docx
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英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析.docx
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英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析
英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Scienceisfinallybeginningtoembraceanimalswhowere,foralongtime,consideredsecond-classcitizens.
AsAnniePottsofCanterburyUniversityhasnoted,chickensdistinguishamongonehundredchickenfacesandrecognizefamiliarindividualsevenaftermonthsofseparation.Whengivenproblemstosolve,theyreason:
henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonssometimeschoosetogiveupanimmediatefoodrewardforaslightlylater(andbetter)one.Healthyhensmayaidfriends,andmournwhenthosefrienddie.
Pigsrespondmeaningfultohumansymbols.WhenaresearchteamledbyCandaceCroneyatPennStateUniversitycarriedwoodenblocksmarkedwithXandOsymbolsaroundpigs,onlytheOcarriersofferedfoodtotheanimals.ThepigssoonignoredtheXcarriersinfavoroftheO's.Thentheteamswitchedfromreal-lifeobjectstoT-shirtsprintedwithXorOsymbols.Still,thepigswalkedonlytowardtheO-shirtedpeople:
theyhadtransferredtheirknowledgetoatwo-dimensionalformat,anotinconsiderablefeatofreasoning.
I'vebeenguiltyofprejudicedexpectations,myself.Atthestartofmycareeralmostfourdecadesago,Iwasfirmlyconvincedthatmonkeysandapesout-thinkandout-feelotheranimals.They'reotherprimates(灵长目动物),afterall,animalsfromourownmammalian(灵长目动物)class.Fairlysoon,Icametoseethatalongwithourclosestlivingrelatives,whalestooaremastersofculturallearning,andelephantsexpressprofoundjoyandmourningwiththeirsocialcompanions.Long-termstudiesinthewildonthesemammalshelpedtofuelaviewpointshiftinoursociety:
thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulprocedureinlaboratories,elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses,anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemeparks.
Overtime,though,asIbegantobroadenoutevenfurtherandexploretheinnerlivesoffish,chickens,pigs,goats,andcows,1startedtowonder:
Willthenewscienceof"foodanimals"bringanethical(伦理的)revolutionintermsofwhoweeat?
Inotherwords,willourethicsstarttocatchupwiththedevelopmentofourscience?
Animalactivistsarealreadythere,ofcourse,committedtonoteatingtheseanimals.Butwhatabouttherestofus?
Canpayingattentiontothethinkingandfeelingoftheseanimalsleadustomakechangesinwhoweeat?
(1)AccordingtoAnniePotts,henshavetheabilityof .
A. interaction
B. analysis
C. creation
D. abstraction
(2)Theresearchintopigsshowsthatpigs .
A. learnlettersquickly B. haveagoodeyesight
C. canbuildupagoodrelationship
D. canapplyknowledgetonewsituations
(3)Paragraph4ismainlyabout .
A. thesimilaritiesbetweenmammalsandhumans
B. thenecessityoflong-termstudiesonmammals
C. achangeinpeople'sattitudestowardsanimals
D. adiscoveryofhowanimalsexpressthemselves
(4)Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. TheInnerLivesofFoodAnimals
B. TheLifestylesofFoodAnimals
C. ScienceReportsonFoodAnimals
D. ARevolutioninFoodAnimals
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了动物也有情感有思想,有一定的分析推理能力。
人类不应只将它们当作食物。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Whengivenproblemstosolve,theyreason:
henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonschoosesometimestogiveupanimmediatefoodrewardforaslightlylater(andbetter)one”可知,当解决问题时,母鸡们会推理:
例如,受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励,换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。
由此可知,母鸡们具备分析能力。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Pigsrespondmeaningfultohumansymbols.WhenaresearchteamledbyCandaceCroneyatPennStateUniversitycarriedwoodenblocksmarkedwithXandOsymbolsaroundpigs,onlytheOcarriersofferedfoodtotheanimals.ThepigssoonignoredtheXcarriersinfavoroftheO's.Thentheteamswitchedfromreal-lifeobjectstoT-shirtsprintedwithXorOsymbols.Still,thepigswalkedonlytowardtheO-shirtedpeople:
theyhadtransferredtheirknowledgetoatwo-dimensionalformat,anotinconsiderablefeatofreasoning.”可知,一些研究者拿着带X标记的木板,一些研究者拿着带O标记的木板,只有拿带O标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物,猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。
当木板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时,猪仍然只走向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。
这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式,这是一种相当大的推理壮举。
故选D。
(3)考查段落大意。
根据第四段中的“Atthestartofmycareeralmostfourdecadesago,Iwasfirmlyconvincedthatmonkeysandapesout-thinkandout-feelotheranimals...Fairlysoon,Icametoseethatalongwithourclosestlivingrelatives,whalestooaremastersofculturallearning,andelephantsexpressprofoundjoyandmourningwiththeirsocialcompanions.Long-termstudies…helpedtofuelaviewpointshiftinoursociety:
thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulprocedurekinlaboratories,elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses,anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemeparks.”可知,数十年前,作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。
很快,作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩,鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人,大象也表现出高兴等情感。
长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变:
我们不再认为猴子只能是实验室里的实验对象,大象只能在马戏团里进行表演,海豚只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。
很明显,本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。
故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
第一段提出:
科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们(即:
我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化)。
第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者:
通过科学研究,母鸡和猪也具备情感,也具备分析推理能力。
第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。
第五和第六段呼吁读者:
动物有自己的情感和思想,我们不要只将动物当成我们的食物。
结合每段大意可知,该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断。
段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
"Thehistoryoftheworldisbutthebiography(传记)ofgreatmen,"arguedThomasCarlyle,theadvocateofwhathascometobeknownasthe"GreatManTheoryofHistory."Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes.WhetherornotCarlyle'stheoryprovestrueisdebatable,butthatcertainindividualscastlongshadowsisnot.
Asonewhoisentrustedwithaleadershipposition,Ifinditprofitabletoreadofotherswhohaveled.Whereveryoufindme,you'lllikelyfindagoodbiographynearby.Whyisthisthecase?
First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating.I'lloccasionallyreadanovel,butI'veneverbeenoverlydrawntofiction.IhavefoundmyselfunabletosleepwhileinthestruggleoftheBattleofBritaininWilliamManchester'sTheLastLion.Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife.
Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative.Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention.You'llfindnobetteraccountoftheBritishEmpireatitspeakthantheopeningchaptersofManchester'sVisionsofGlory,volumeoneofhisTheLastLion.Strictlyspeaking,abiographyisbutasliceofhistory.
Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing.WinstonChurchilloncenotedamanwhoworkswithhishandsshouldhaveahobbythatengageshismind,andamanwhoworkswithhismindshouldhaveahobbythatengageshishands.AnotherwaytoapplyChurchill'ssayingistocombinetechnical,pen-in-handvocationalreadingwithleisurelybiographicalreading.Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld.
ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber.
(1)Whatisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?
A. TheauthorfindsCarlyle'stheoryundebatable.
B. Carlylebelievesgreatmenalonecannotcreatehistory.
C. Itisdebatablewhetheroneshouldreadgreatmen'sbiographies.
D. Theauthoragreesthathistoryisgreatlyinfluencedbycertainmen.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"otheritems"inthethirdparagraphreferto?
A. goodbiographies
B. storiesofcertaintimes
C. thevolumesofTheLastLion
D. thechaptersoftheBritishEmpire
(3)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A. Theauthorconsidersbiographicalreadingenjoyable.
B. Theauthorcantraveltoanotherworldintheevening.
C. Theauthorhasfoughtmanybattlesduringhislifetime.
D. Theauthorprofitscommerciallybyreadingbiographies.
(4)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?
A. Toanalyzethebenefitsofvocationalreading.
B. Tointroducetoreadershisuniquereadingstrategies.
C. Topresentgreatmen'shistorythroughbiographyreading.
D. Torecommendbiographyreadingthroughhisownexperiences.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的"Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes"可知,这一理论表明,更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。
所以通过第一段的关键词"gobackto,haduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes",判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。
故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的"Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention."可知,一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事,而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。
读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。
第一家商店吸引了你,但你会惊喜地发现,还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。
所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物,将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。
故判断出第三段划线的"otheritems"指的是某个时期的故事。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife"以及第三段"Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld."可知,对我来说,不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。
的确,没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚,进入另一个世界更令我放松。
所以作者认为传记阅读
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