上海牛津版高一下册第8讲定语从句T.docx
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上海牛津版高一下册第8讲定语从句T.docx
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上海牛津版高一下册第8讲定语从句T
第8讲定语从句T
定语从句
I.限制性定语从句
i.关系代词that,who
1.that,who用来指人,在从句中用作主语或宾语,可互换使用;that也可用来指物,但不能用
who指物。
2.关系代词who,that在从句中作宾语时,常可省略。
3.关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
4.一般说来,人们倾向于用who指人,用that指物,尤其在口语中。
专项练习
1.Thesixblindmenaskedformoneyfrompeopleby.
A.passedB.whopassedC.whowerepassedD.whopassing
2.Mr.Brownistheverypersoncanhelpustosolvetheproblem.
A.whichB.whomC.thatD.ofwhom
3.MsChanceryistheteacher.
A.IlikeherbestB.IlikebestC.thatIlikeherbestD.whomlikebest
4.Theyearsandmonthswespenttogetherarereallywonderfultousall.
A.whenB.onwhichC.inwhichD.that
5.ThewomanwasJohn'swife.
A.IspoketoherB.whomIspoketoher
C.thatIspokeD.Ispoketo
Keys:
1-5BCBDD
ii.关系代词which,that
which,that都可以指物,在从句中用作主语或宾语时可以互换使用;指人可用that,但不能用
which。
专项练习
1.Isthisthebookyouwantedtoborrowlasttime?
Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.whichB.thatC.theoneD./
2.IsthisthecalculatoryouborrowedfromJane?
A.oneB.theonewhatC.theoneD.which
3.Canyoutellmethenameofthemuseumyouvisitedlastmonth?
A.whatB.whereC./D.when
4.Thetwothingstheyfeltveryproudweretheirhouseandthediamondring.
A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forthat
5.Theyshowedusaroundthefactorywasequippedwithmodernmachines.
A.whereB.whatC.inwhichD.which
6.Haveyoueveraskedhimthereasonmayexplainhisabsence?
A.whyB.whenC.thatD.what
7.ThisistheTVstationwevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.thatC.towhichD.inwhich
8.AreyoupleasedwithIhavesaid?
A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.allwhich
9.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof______youarenotsure.
A.whichB.whatC.asD.those
10.Thereisonlyonething______Icando.
A.what B.that C.all D.which
Keys:
1-5CDCBD6-8CBBAB
iii.关系代词whom,whose
1.whom,whose指人,whom是who的宾格,whose是所有格,分别在从句中作宾语和定语。
2.whom在非正式文体中可省略,也可用that或who代替。
3.whose是who和which的所有格,可指人,也可指物或动物。
4.当whose用来指物时,whose=the+名词十ofwhich//ofwhich+the+名词
5.当whose用来指人时,whose=the+名词+ofwhom/ofwhom+the+名词
专项练习
1.InthepolicestationIsawthemanfromroomthethiefhadstolentheTVset.
A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whose
2.Chapinmoneyisnownoproblem,willstartanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.
A.whoseB.whichC.forwhomD.who
3.ItwasameetingimportanceIdidn'trealizeatthattime.
A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose
4.Theclassroomfacesouthisours.
A.whosewindowB.whosewindowsC.whichwindowD.thatwindow
5.ThisbookisspeciallywrittenforthestudentsnativelanguageisnotEnglish.
A.who'sB.thatC.theirD.whose
Keys:
1-5DCDBD
iv.关系代词which,whom
1.which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语。
2.介词一般放在which,whom之前,也可以放在从句的原位。
若是从句中的谓语是含有介词的动词短语,则介词只能放在原来的位置上,介词不能提前,固定动词短语一般不拆分。
3.that在从句中可代替who,whom,which用来指人或物,但是,当介词前置时,指人只能用whom,不能用who/that,指物只能用which,不能用that。
而且,whom或which不能省略。
4.介词不能前置时,口语中或非正式文体中,在从句中作介词宾语的关系代词常常可省略。
专项练习
1.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeonetheycantalkfrequently.
A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
2.MyglassesIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.
A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that
3.Aharvesterisamachineweharvestcropsorapersonisharvesting.
A.which...whoB.that...thatC.withwhich...whoD./...that
4.Thehousethereisabigtreewasbuiltmorethan1000yearsago.
A.whichB.thatC.inthefrontofwhichD.infrontofwhich
5.Theywillgiveyousomedesksandchairsyoucanfurnishtheroom.
A.whichB.towhichC.withthoseD.withwhich
Keys:
1-5DCCDD
v.that,which,who引导限制性定语从句时的用法区别
1.当先行词是指物的不定代词如all,much,little,everything,nothing,some,any,anything等时,只能用that引导从句,而且在从句中作宾语时常常可省略。
2.当先行词是序数词或受序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句。
3.当先行词是最高级或受最高级修饰时,只能用that引导从句。
4.当先行词受thevery,theonly,theright,justthe,exactlythe,no,none,every之类的词修饰时,只能
用that而不用which,who,whom引导从句。
5.当先行词是既指人又指物的并列名词短语时,只能用that,而不用which引导从句。
6.当关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时,用指物的which或指人的whom,而不能用that或who。
7.当先行词是指人的不定代词如everyone,everybody,anyone,anybody,nobody等时,用who,而不用
that引导从句。
专项练习
1.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom
2.Isthereanything?
A.thatyoudon'tunderstandB.whichyoudon'tquitesure
C.aboutwhichyounotquitesureD.youarenotsure
3.Thesecondquestionwithpollutionisthemostdifficult.
A.whichhassomethingtodoB.hassomethingtodo
C.thathassomethingtodoD.thathasanythingtodo
4.Thisisthethirdweekthedustmenhaven'tcomefortherubbish.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.onwhich
5.Thisistheleastinterestingbookduringmyholidays.
A.whichIhaveeverreadB.whatIhaveeverread
C.IhaveeverreadD.thatIhaveeverreadit
6.Thelastquestionwasobviouslythemostdifficultformetoanswer.
A.whichheaskedB.thathewasaskedit
C.heaskedD.heaskedit
7.Alongthewallstandseveralbookshelvesareallkindsofbooks.
A.onthatB.onwhichC.whichD.atwhich
8.Iwillgiveyourdaughteratoyplaneshewillliketoplay.
A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.withwhich
9.Inthebaghefoundapieceofpapersomespecialwords.
A.whichwaswrittenB.onthatwerewritten
C.onwhichwerewrittenD.onitwerewritten
10.Theinventionshespenttwoyearswilldogoodtotheworld.
A.whichB.thatC.onwhichD.when
Keys:
1-5BACAC6-10CBDCC
vi.关系代词but,what
1.but作为关系代词常与具有否定或疑问意义的主句连用,其引导的从句修饰的先行词多是否定意义的,but=who...not,which…not或that.not,意为‘‘无不,没有不,谁不”。
2.What引导定语从句时即可指人也可指物,指人时what=theperson(s)that,指物时what=thething/all/everythingthat.
3.what本身的作用已经包含有先行词和关系代词。
有一身兼两职的作用,分别在主句和从句中作相应的成分。
4.用what时,前无先行词;若有先行词,应视其情况选择使用that,which或who。
专项练习
1.Generallyspeaking,thereisnoonelovestheirparentsintheworld.
A.thatB.butC.whoD.AorBorC
2.Allisneededisasupplyofoil.
A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which
3.isoverisover.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhatallD.Allwhat
4.wereoncetrutharetruenolonger.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.All
5.youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This
6.Acomputercanonlydoyouhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.whom
7.Theywanttoknowdotohelpus.
A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey
8.ThisisthelongesttrainIhaveeverseen.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whom
9.Whostudiesherewantstogotocollege?
A.thatB.butC.whoD.whom
10.There'snoneofuswishestogotoQinghuaUniversity.
A.butB.thatC.whoD.which
Keys:
1-5BBAAB6-10CBBBA
vii.关系代词as
1.as既可指人也可指物,多与such,thesame连用,构成such…as,thesame…as的结构。
2.such…as意为“诸如……之类的”,as在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
3.such…that意为“如此……以至于”,引导的是结果状语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分。
4.thesame…as意为“与……相同的”,as在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
5.thesame…as/that结构意为“与……同一个”,as/that在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
专项练习
1.Ihaveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
2.I'dliketobuythesamebookwasreadbyTomyesterday.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.BorC
3.Thatisthesamemanaskedmeformoneyyesterday.
A.asB.whichC.thatD.AorC
4.SheisthesamegirlIsatnexttoinclasslastweek.
A.asB.whoC.thatD.AorC
5.Keepawayfromsuchthingswilldoyouharm.
A.asB.thatC.towhichD.which
6.Itwasn'tsuchagooddinnershehadpromisedus.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.what
7.Hespokeforsuchalongtimepeoplebegantofallasleep.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.what
8.Heisnotsuchafoolhelooks.
A.thatB.asC.whoD.whom
9.Itissuchadifficultproblemnobodycanworkout.
A.thatB.asC.sothatD.which
10.Arethesethesamepeoplewesawlastweek?
A.asB.whomC.whoD.what
Keys:
1-5ADDDA6-10BABBA
viii.关系代词在从句中作主语时的主谓一致
1.从句谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
2.“oneof+the+复数名词”作先行词时,若one前面有限定词,从句谓语与one保持一致;否则,从句谓语用复数。
3.what在从句中作主语,从句谓语一般用单数,或与主句表语保持一致。
4.集体名词作先行词根据意义一致原则,强调整体时从句谓语用单数,强调个体成员时,从句谓语用复数形式。
专项练习
1.Why!
Ihavenothingtoconfess.youwantmetosay?
A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat
2.Mr.HerpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswhoinChina.
A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hasbeenworking
3.Whathewantstogetfromhisparentsnothingbutmoney.
A.areB.isC.wasD.were
4.Thefamilywhoupstairsallmodelworkers.
A.lives,areB.live,isC.lives,isD.live,are
5.TheclassinthenextroomClass5.
A.thatare,isB.whois,isC.whichis,isD.whoare,are
Keys:
1-5ACBDC
ix.关系副词when,where
1.先行词指时间并在从句中作时间状语时,用when引导从句。
when=in/at/onwhich。
2.当先行词是表示时间的名词,但在从句中作动词remember,spend,take,forget等动词的宾语时,用that或which引导从句。
3.先行词指地点并在从句中作地点状语时,用where引导从句,where=in/at/onwhich。
4.当先行词是表示地点的名词,但在从句中作动词visit,forget,remember,build等动词的宾语时,用that或which而不用where引导从句。
5.当先行词是case,situation,chair,clrcumstance等名词,表示从句主语处于某种状况、境地或阶段时,用where引导从句。
专项练习
1.IshallneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedinthecountrywiththefarmers.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
2.DoyoustillrememberthedayswespenttogetherinAustralia?
A.whenB.duringwhichC.whichD.onwhich
3.Thisisthelasttimewehavecometotaketheexaminationthisyear.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.onwhich
4.Theyearsandmonthswespenttogetherarereallywonderfultousall.
A.whenB.onwhichC.inwhichD.that
5.Weoftenthinkofthedayswespenttogetherontheisland.
A.whenB.whichC.inwhichD.duringwhich
6.Ifashophaschairswomencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
7.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why
8.Icanthinkofmanycases
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