如何提高英语阅读能力.docx
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如何提高英语阅读能力.docx
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如何提高英语阅读能力
如何提高英语阅读能力
[Abstract]Readingisoneofthefourbasicskillswhichlearnersarerequiredtomasteriftheywanttolearnaforeignlanguage.Englishreadingcanimprovereader’sperceptionsoastogivealotofhelptoimprovelistening,speakingandwriting.Itcanincreaseknowledge,widentheirvisions,andenhancetheirinterestinEnglish.However,inChina,inforeignlanguagelearning,manylearnersseemtohavedifficultyinreadingaccuratelyandefficiently.Tohelpthelearnerbecomeamoreefficientreader,itiscrucialtoimprovetheirreadingability.Thispaperclearlystateshowweshouldimprovereadingabilitybyadoptingthefollowingmethods:
improvinglanguageknowledge,enlargingthereader’sschema,formingagoodhabitofreading,applyingreadingskills,beconfidentandactiveinreading.
[Keywords]readingability;languageknowledge;readingschemaknowledge;readingskills
[摘要]阅读是外语学习者要求把握的四种大体技术之一,英语阅读能提高读者的熟悉能力,从而增进了英语的听、说和写的能力的提高。
阅读也能令人增加见地,拓宽视野,还能提高学习者对英语的爱好,因此提高英语的阅读水平成了英语学习者的一个十分重要任务。
但是,在外语学习方面,中国的许多学习者在精准且高效地阅读方面似乎存在着困难,那是因为他们没有把握正确的阅读方式。
本篇文章将陈述如何通过以下的方式来提高英语阅读能力:
增加语言知识;扩大读者的阅读背景知识;改变不良的阅读适应,形成良好的阅读适应;应用阅读技术;树立信心,踊跃主动地去阅读。
其中在关于阅读技术方面,作者做了较详细地论述,提及了预测、找中心句、略读和扫读、猜想词义等技术。
[关键词]阅读水平;语言知识;阅读图式;阅读技术
1.Introduction
ThesedaystheinfluenceoftheEnglishlanguageisincreasing.Todaynomatteryoulikeitornot,Englishistheclosetthingtoalinguafrancaaroundtheglobe;Englishisverywidelyusedforbusiness.Betweendifferentcountries,mostbusinesslettersaroundtheworldarewritteninEnglish,andthreequartersoftheworld’sbooksandnewspapersaremadeinEnglish.Readingisoneofthefourbasicskillswhichlearnersarerequiredtomasteriftheywanttolearnaforeignlanguage.Englishreadingcanimprovereader’sperceptionsoastogivealotofhelptoimprovelistening,speakingandwriting.Itcanincreaseknowledge,widentheirvisions,andenhancetheirinterestinEnglish.Soitisclearthatit’sveryimportanttodoalotofEnglishreading.ButtheproblemisthatmanyEnglishlearnersseemtohavedifficultyinreadingaccuratelyandefficiently.Moreover,invariousinternationalanddomesticexaminations,Englishreadinghastakenlargerandlargerpart.Inthissituation,howtoimproveEnglishreadingdrawsmoreandmoreattention.ThispapertriestostatesomepointsashowtohelpEnglishreaderimprovetheirreadingability.
2.Improveyourlanguageknowledge
Thelanguageknowledgeheremainlyreferstovocabularyandgrammar.Yourlanguageknowledgecanhelpyoureadbothfastandwithhighcomprehension.
Vocabulary
TheEnglishlanguagehasabout750,000words,andmorenewwordsarecomingintousedaily.Also,wordsareconstantlybeingredefined.Eachwordtakesadditionalmeaningsastimepassesuntilithasmanymeanings.Ithasbeenprovedthatthereaderswithsmallstoreofvocabularywillfinditverydifficultinreadingcomprehension.Howtosolvethisproblem?
AccordingtothestudyofHatchandBrown,learners'strategiesfor1earningvocabularyfallintofiveessentialsteps:
1)havingsourcesforencounteringnewwords;2)gettingtheformsofthenewwords;3)learningthemeaningsofthewords;4)makingastrongmemoryofthewords;and5)usingthewords.Thiswordacquisitiontheorynotonlymanifeststheinnerruleorvocabularylearningbutalsorevealsthethreeimportantaspectsofvocabularylearning:
wordform,wordmeaningandworduse.[1]Therefore,wecanbuildupourvocabularyfromthefollowingaspects:
Firstly,learnaboutwordformation.Youcanenlargeyourvocabularybyusingtherulesofwordformation,ManywordsintheEnglishlanguagearemadeupofwordpartscalledroots,prefixes,andsuffixes,like“sad”,“sadly”,“sadness”,andsoon.Therefore,thismethodisusedtohelpreadersgetthemeaningofanunknownwordbyanalyzingthewordstructure,whichisbydividingwordsintousablepartssuchasroots,prefixesandsuffixes.Ifyouknowanumberofcommonlyusedprefixes,rootsandsuffixes,theywillbeofuseinunlockingthemeaningsofunknownwordsthatyoufindinyourreading.Forexample,whenyouknowtheword“courage”,“encourage,discourage,courageous”willnotbenewtoyou.[2]
Secondly,collectthenewwordsyouoftenmeetinreading.Thatdoesn’tmeanencouragingyoutoconsultthedictionarywheneveryoumeetanewwordinreading.Theappropriatewayistotrytoguessthewordmeaningsfromcontextclues,fromthewordsaroundit,andthenyouwillgraduallyknowtheclearmeaningofthewordaftermeetingitoften.Andnow,ifyoulookitupinthedictionary,youwillhaveagoodmemoryofit.
Thirdly,learnacertainnumberofnewwordsbyhearteveryday.Youngstudentshavegoodmemories.Itispossibleforyoutomemorizesomewordseverydaywithoutmuchdifficulty.Youcanchoosesomewordsforyourself,whichisveryhelpfu1.Whenyoumeetthesewordsinyourreading,youwillfeeleasy,“Aha,I’veknowntheirmeanings.”Youwillfeelconfidentandmoreinterestedinreading.
Grammar
Languageiscomposedofwordsandgrammaticalstructures.Theaccuraterateofcomprehensionisbasedonthemasteringdegreeofthewordsandgrammar.Incaseoflearningalanguage,forinstance,achildorabeginnerwholearnsaforeignlanguage,learnssomewordsfirst,thenbeginstogetintouchwiththeregulationofsentence--grammar,thenhecanusewordstomakesentenceshimself.Onlybyunderstandingtherulesofthegame,youcanwinthegame.Sometimes,wefindsomelearnersrecitealargenumberofwordsandtheycansaythemeaningofthemastheyseethem,butwhenthesewordsarearrangedintoasentence,theselearnerscannotmakesenseofthem.Why?
Thatisbecausetheyarenotfamiliarwithgrammar.Grammaristheskeleton,whichproducesthevarietyofdifferentwordscombinations.Weknowthatifyouthreadcoinswithacord,youcancarryawaymanycoinsatatimeeasily;ifthecoinsscatteronthefloor,itishardtopickupeveryone.Grammarislikethecordtogivelifetothecombinationofwordsandmaketheexpressiondiversified.Itmakesusknowtheapproval,interrogatoryorsurprisingtoneandthelike.MasteringgrammaristhebasicsteptomakeprogressonEnglishreading.Moreexercisesongrammararealltoogoodandnoharmcancomeofit.Sometimes,inthereading,youwillfindthatcomprehensionofanentirepassagedependsonyourabilitytounderstandasinglesentence.Sentences,whichareverylong,sentences,whichhavemorethanonemeaning,orsentences,whichcontaindifficultgrammaticalpatternsoften,causecomprehensionproblems.Inthiscase,readersshouldkeepthefollowingpointsinmind.
(1)Ifthesentenceislong,trytobreakitupintosmallparts:
Thegeneralthenadded,“Theonlyreasonablesolutiontothesortofproblemscausedbythecurrentunstablepoliticalsituationisoneofdiplomacyandeconomicmeasuresandnottheuseofmilitaryforce.”
Youshouldreadthesentencelikethis:
”Theonlyreasonablesolutiontothesortofproblems/causedbythecurrentunstablepoliticalsituation/isoneofthediplomacyandeconomicmeasures/andnottheuseofmilitaryforce.”
(2)Lookforkeywordsthattellyoutherelationshipwithinasentence.
“TheWesthadsentarmiestocaptureandholdJerusalem;insteadtheythemselvesfellvictimtonewideasandsubtleinfluences,”
“Instead”indicatesthatsomethinghappenedcontrarytoexpectations.
3.Enlargeyourschemaaboutvarioustopicsandthings
“Theimportanceofreader’sknowledgeoftheworldhasbeenlongemphasizedinthereadingprocesses.Theroleofthispreviouslyacquiredknowledgeinlanguagecomprehensionhasbeenformalizedasschematheory.”[3]Accordingtoschematheory,comprehendingatextisaninteractiveprocessbetweenthereader’sbackgroundknowledgeandthetext.Themoreyoualreadyknow,thelessyouneedtofindout.
Agoodreaderdoesnotreadpassivelyonlyfortheprepositionalmeaningofeachsentence,butmoreimportantly,hereadsforthemeaningatthepragmaticlevel.Hecanunderstandnotonlyitssurfacemeaningdecidedbyvocabularyandgrammar,butalsotherealpurposeofthewriterinusingaparticularpieceoflanguage.Hedoesthisbycreatinganeffectivediscoursebetweenhimselfandthewritertonegotiatemeaning.
4.Formagoodhabitofreading
Ifyouarereadingformeaning,trytoreadfast.Somepeoplereadveryslowly.Theythinkthatreadingslowlyhelpsthemunderstandbetter.Thatisnotright.Asamateroffact,thefasteryouread,thebetteryouunderstand.Theexpression“hastemakeswaste”doesnotapplytoreading.Remember,nothinghurtsconcentrationmorethanreadingtooslowly.Yourmindwillkeepupwithyourreadingspeedifyouaskitto.Byalwaysreadingatyourtopspeed,youchallengeyourunderstandingandmakeiteasierforyourmindtoconcentrateonthemateria1.Toimproveyourreadingspeed,youmustgetridofthefollowingbadhabits:
a.Pointatwordsorholdapenorapencilorrulerunderthelinewhilereading;
b.Mumblethewordstoyourselforsaythewordsinyourmind,thoughotherpeoplecannothearyoureading;
c.Readbackfromtimetotime;
d.Stopreadingatoccurrenceoftheunknownwordstolookthemupinthedictionary.[4]
Agoodreadershoulddevelopacorrectmethodofreading.Thatistotrainhimselftoreadattentively(nottoreadback)andsilently(nottoreadaloud),sentencebysentence,notwordbyword.Whenevermeetinganewword,trytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.Consultingthedictionaryfromtimetotimenotonlyaffectsone’sreadingspeedandthecomprehensionofthereadingmaterial,butalsogetsthereaderfrustrated.
5.Applyvariousreadingskills
Prediction
Predictionrefersto
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