考研英语阅读unit17.docx
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考研英语阅读unit17.docx
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考研英语阅读unit17
Unit17
Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.
万事开头难。
学习内容
题材
词数
建议时间
得分统计
做题备忘
PartA
Text1
商业经济
425
/10
Text2
科普知识
397
/10
Text3
社会生活
413
/10
Text4
文化教育
391
/10
PartB
社会生活
602
/10
PartC
科普知识
442
/10
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
Text1
TheUnitedStatesInterstateHighwaySystemisaninfrastructurefeatofunprecedentedproportions.Notonlydoesitjoinallfiftystatesintheuniontogetherallowingforrapidtransportofgoodsandpeople,butitalsohaslegitimateclaimtothetitleofthelargestpublicworkerprograminhistory.Theprojectwasmotivatedbybothmilitaryandeconomicgoals.Interestintheprojectexistedsincetheearly1940s,butwasdelayedbytheoutbreakofWorldWarII,followedbythepostwarrecovery.AlthoughapprovedbyCongressin1944,thebuildingdidnotactuallybeginuntil1956.
ThepostwarprosperityinAmericaaccentuatedtheneedforsuchamassiveinfrastructureproject.AfterAmerica’ssuccessinWorldWarIIandrecoveryofitseconomyfromtheGreatDepression,thepopulation’sdisposableincomesoared,allowingmostfamiliestopurchaseautomobiles,previouslythoughtofasluxuryitems.Withthesuddenboomofcars,amoreefficientroadonwhichtotravelwasdesperatelyneeded,andtheinterstatehighwaysystemprovidedthat,allowingtravelerstosafelyandreliablyvisitotherstatesordestinationsclosertohome.
Thesamesurgeincarownershipthatcreatedtheneedfortheinterstatehighwaysystemalsoprovidedthemeansbywhichtopayfortheproject.Anewtaxongasolineprovided90percentofthefundingfortheproject,andstatetaxescoveredtheremaining10percent.Withthenewhighwaysysteminplace,notonlycouldtravelersvisitpreviouslyunfeasibledestinationsontheirholidaysandvacations,butbusinessescouldtransporttheirproductstomarketsinotherstates,increasingcompetitionacrossthecountry,tothebenefitofconsumersandproductqualityalike.
Themilitaryhadakeeneyeonthesystemaswell.TrooptransportwasnowpossibletoallcornersofAmericainarapidandefficientmanner,andthelongstretchesofstraighthighwaysinstantlyprovidedrunwaysformilitaryaircraftintimesofemergency.Thecountry,linkedtogetherbyanetwork,ofroadsthatgreatlyreducedtraveltime,couldnowmoreefficientlybedefended.
Inthelastfortyyearsalone,17trillionmileshavebeentraveledontheUSInterstateHighwaySystem.ThosemilescanbeequatedtothreetripsaroundtheworldforeveryAmerican,atriptothemoonfor75millionpeople,orthreelightyearsinspace.Nomatterwhatfigureisused,thenumbersarestunning.TheinterstatehighwayhasgottenandcontinuestogetpeoplewheretheyneedtogoinAmerica,andatafractionofthetimeitwouldotherwisetake.
1.TheoutbreakofWorldWarII
[A]wastedprecioustimebydelayingtheInterstateHighwayproject.
[B]hadapositiveimpactbycontributingtothemeansbywhichtheInterstateHighwaySystemwasbuilt.
[C]delayedthestartoftheprojectbutresultedinmoremoneybywhichtofundit.
[D]spurredthemilitarytothrowtheirsupportinfavoroftheInterstateHighwayproject.
2.TheUSInterstateHighwaySystemwasbuiltmainly
[A]torespondtourgentneedsthathadarisen.
[B]inordertobetterdefendacountryinatimeofwar.
[C]witheconomicandbusinessesinmind.
[D]fromstatetaxpayerdollars.
3.WhatcanweinferfromtheParagraph3?
[A]Thetaxongasolinewasthemostefficientwaybywhichtofundthebuildingoftheinterstatehighwaysystem.
[B]Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasanimmensefinancialburdenthatrequiredhugeamountsofresourcestocomplete.
[C]Withoutthepostwarsurgeincarownership,fundingfortheinterstatehighwaysystemwouldhavebeeninsufficient.
[D]Thosewhostoodtobenefitmostfromtheinterstatehighwaysystemprovidedthemajorityofthefundingforitsconstruction.
4.By“Thosemiles…inspace”(Line2-3,Para.5),theauthorintendsto
[A]stresstheeffectsoftheinterstatehighwaysystemthatcontinuetothisday.
[B]highlighttheincredibledistancesthathavebeentraveledontheinterstatehighwaysystem.
[C]statethedistancestraveledontheinterstatehighwaysysteminmorecomparableterms.
[D]makeafinalstatementattestingtothegreatnessoftheinterstatehighwaysystem.
5.TheauthorviewstheUnitedStatesInterstateHighwaySystemwith
[A]whole-heartedapproval.
[B]ajudgmentofthegoodoutweighingthebad.
[C]positivefeelingsonitseconomicimpact.
[D]criticalsupport.
Text2
Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).
Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.
Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.
Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes—forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.
Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostsofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.
6.Wemaysimplydefinescienceas
[A]thestudyofunrelatedsubjects.
[B]anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena.
[C]thestudyofrelatedfields.
[D]labelledknowledge.
7.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach
[A]appliedscience.
[B]agriculturescience.
[C]purescience.
[D]environmentalscience.
18.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,
[A]mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results.
[B]necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell.
[C]isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose.
[D]necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell.
9.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?
[A]Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.
[B]Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.
[C]Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.
[D]Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.
10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]TheNatureofScienceandScientists
[B]BiologyandtheScienceandScientist
[C]HypothesesandTheories
[D]OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction
Text3
Greatemotionalandintellectualresourcesaredemandedinquarrels;staminahelps,asdoesacapacityforobsession.Butnooneisbornagoodquarreler,thecraftmustbelearned.
Therearetwogenerallyrecognizedapprenticeships.First,anduniversallypreferred,isalongchildhoodspentinthecompanyoffractioussiblings.Afterseveralyearsofrainyafternoon,brothersandsistersdevelopasurefeelforthetacticsofattritionandthenicetiesofstrategysonecessaryinfirst-ratequarreling.
Theonlychild,orthechildofpeacefulorrepressedhouseholds,islikelytogrowupfailingtounderstandthatquarrels,unlikearguments,arenotaboutanything,leastofallthepursuitoftruth.Theapparentsubjectofaquarrelisamerepretext;therealbusinessisthequarrelitself.
Essentially,adversariesinaquarrelareouttoestablishorrescuetheirdignity;hencetheelementaryprinciple:
anythingmaybesaid.Theunschooled,mayspendanhourwithknockingheart,siftingtheconsequencesofcallingthisoldacquaintancealyingfraud.
Thosewhomisstheirfirstapprenticeshipmaycaretoenrollinthesecond,thebadmarriage,Thiscanbeperilousfortheneophyte;themutualintimacyofspousesmakesthematoncemorevulnerableandmoredangerousinattack.O
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