人教版 八年级上册第一单元英语知识点.docx
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人教版 八年级上册第一单元英语知识点.docx
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人教版八年级上册第一单元英语知识点
Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?
词组
stayathome待在家里goonvacation去度假
gotothemountains去爬山gotothebeach去海滩
visitmuseums参观博物馆quiteafew相当多
gotosummercamp去参观夏令营studyfor为……而学习
goout出去mostofthetime大部分时间
tastegood尝起来很好吃ofcourse当然
haveagoodtime玩得高兴goshopping去购物
feellike给…的感觉;感受到inthepast在过去
walkaround四处走走becauseof因为
onebowlof…一碗……thenextday第二天
drinktea喝茶findout找出;查明
goon继续takephotos照相
somethingimportant重要的事upanddown上上下下
comeup出来
buysth.forsb./buysb.sth.为某人买某物
taste+adj.尝起来……look+adj.看起来……
nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有
seem+(tobe)+adj.看起来……
arrivein+大地点/arriveat+小地点到达某地
decidetodosth.决定去做某事
trydoingsth.尝试做某事/trytodosth.尽力去做某事
forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事/forgettodosth.忘记去做某事
enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事wanttodosth.想去做某事
startdoingsth.开始做某事stopdoingsth.停止正在做的某事
dislikedoingsth.不喜欢做某事keepdoingsth.继续做某事
Whynotdo.sth.?
为什么不做……呢?
so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于……
tellsb.(not)todosth.告诉某人(不要)做某事
词语辨析:
1.他
anywhere在任何地方,常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。
Ican’tfinditanywhere.
somewhere在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。
Ilostmykeysomewherenearhere.
Eg:
Are?
you?
going?
__________?
tonight?
I?
think?
you?
can?
find?
your?
girlfriend?
__________.
2.seem+形容词看起来…..Youseemhappytoday.
seem+todosth.似乎、好像做某事Iseemtohaveacold
Itseems/seemed+从句看起来好像…;似乎….Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.
seemlike….好像,似乎…..Itseemslikeagoodidea.
3.decidetodosth.决定做某事Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.
decide+疑问词+动词不定式Hecannotdecidewhentoleave.
4.startdoingsth=starttodosth.开始,可与begin互换。
Hestarteddoinghishomework.
但以下几种情况不能用begin.
1)创办,开办:
Hestartedanewbookshoplastmonth.
2)机器开动:
Ican’tstartmycar.
3)出发,动身:
Iwillstarttomorrowmorning.
5.over介词,多于,超过,在…以上(表示数目、程度)=morethan
Myfatherisover40yearsold.
在…之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与under相反。
Thereisamapovertheblackboard.
超过:
Ihearthenewsovertheradio.
遍及:
Iwanttotravelallovertheworld.
6.toomany太多,后接可数名词复数:
Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.
toomuch太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。
Wehavetoomuchworktodo.Don’ttalktoomuch.
muchtoo太,修饰形容词或副词。
Thehatismuchtoobigforme.You’rewalkingmuchtoofast.
分辨三者的口诀:
toomuch,muchtoo,用法区别看后头:
much后接不可数,too后修饰形或副。
toomany要记住,后面名词必复数。
7.?
a?
few?
/?
few?
/?
a?
little?
/?
little?
?
a?
few?
(少数的,几个,一些)?
a?
little?
(一点儿,少量)
?
表示肯定?
few?
(很少的,几乎没有的)?
?
little?
?
(很少的,几乎没有的)
表示否定?
修饰可数名词?
修饰不可数名词?
8.Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.
because连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。
Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.
9.none指人或物,强调数量,用how?
many提问,常与of连用。
?
no?
one?
多指人,强调“无人”这种状态,用who提问,不可与of连用,作主语时,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
?
语法?
1.一般过去时?
1)?
一般过去时的含义:
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
?
2)?
标志时间:
yesterday,?
last?
night/week/month/year,?
three?
days?
ago等过去时间的词。
?
3)?
动词过去式的变化规则:
?
构成规则
原形
过去式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed
work
play
worked
played
结尾是e的动词加-d
hope
live
hoped
lived
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
stop
trip
stopped
tripped
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加-ed
study
worry
studied
worried
写出下列动词的过去式
go_______________stop___________________visit_____________study____________
do__________ride____________take_____________drive__________arrive___________
walk______________________sleep___________keep___________get___________
用下列括号中词的正确形式填空
1.I_________(like)orangeswhenIwasyoung(年轻的).ButnowI__________(notlike)them.
2.Mymotheroften____________(stay)athomeonSundays,butlastSundayshe_________(notstay)athome,she_________(go)tothepark.
3.WeiHua__________(have)abusydayyesterday.
4.He___________(visit)theGreatWall(长城)lastyear.
5.We____________(have)agoodtimeyesterday.
6.Weoften__________(go)toschoolbybuslastyear.
7.I__________(live)inthevillagewhenIwasachild.
9.Mike__________(see)abigtigerintheparklastyear.
10.Sam___________(do)thehouseworkyesterday.
11.________(do)you_________(enjoy)yourselfyesterday?
12.________(do)you__________(play)theviolinintheartroomyesterday?
No,Ididn't.I___________(draw)somepicturesthere.
4)?
句型?
(1)含实义动词?
?
肯定句:
主语+动词过去式+其它.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Tom?
lived?
in?
the?
US?
two?
years?
ago.?
否定句:
主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它.
Tom?
didn’t?
live?
in?
the?
US?
two?
years?
ago.?
一般疑问句:
Did+主语+动词原形+其它?
?
?
?
?
?
1).DidyougotothebeachlastSaturday?
肯定回答:
Yes,?
主语?
did.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Yes,?
Idid.?
?
否定回答:
No,?
主语?
didn’t.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
No,?
Ididn’t.?
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
?
?
Where?
did?
Tom?
live?
in?
the?
US?
two?
years?
ago?
?
5)?
含be动词?
肯定句:
主语+?
was/were+其它.?
?
?
?
?
?
He?
was?
a?
primary?
school?
student?
last?
year.?
否定句:
主语+wasn’t/?
weren’t+?
其它。
He?
wasn’t?
a?
primary?
school?
student?
last?
year.?
一般疑问句:
was/?
were+主语+?
其它?
?
?
Was?
he?
a?
primary?
school?
student?
last?
year?
?
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?
What?
was?
he?
last?
year?
?
?
6)Wheredidyou/he/she/theygo…?
是一般过去时的特殊问句,did是助动词,动词go用原型
Eg:
Wheredidyougoonvacation?
----Istayedathome./IwenttoZhongShan.
2).Howwasyourvacation?
How是疑问副词,表示“如何;怎样。
”
Eg:
Howwastheweatherthere?
句型转换(改为一般疑问句)
1.IwenttoSanyalastyear.
2Jimwentoutwithhisfamilylastnight.
3.Wefedsomehensandsomepigsinthecountryside.
4.Katehadsomethingtodoatschoollastweek.
5.Theydidsomethingfunonthebeach.
6.Iboughtsomethingspecialformymother.
2.?
复合不定代词:
?
(1)复合不定代词:
something,?
anything,?
everything,?
nothing,?
someone,?
anyone,?
everyone,?
no?
one,?
somebody,?
anybody,?
everybody,?
nobody,?
somewhere,?
anywhere,?
everywhere,?
nowhere?
(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置。
something?
special?
某些特别的事情?
?
?
anyone?
interesting?
?
任
何有趣的人?
anywhere?
warm?
任何温暖的地方?
(一)句型转换。
1.Weplayedfootballyesterdayafternoon.(划线提问)
_________________you________yesterdayafternoon?
2.Myvacationwasgreat.(划线提问)_________________yourvacation.
3.Iwenttosummercampduringmyholiday.(划线提问)
_________didyou_______duringyourholiday?
4.Hissisterhadapartyyesterdayevening.(划线提问)
_________________hissister________aparty?
5.Isawthemathteacherintheofficeamomentago.(改为一般疑问句)
________you_________themathteacherintheofficeamomentago?
6.Theshopsweretoocrowded.(划线提问)__________________theshops?
(二)选择题
()1.Hehelpedmemylostbook.A.foundB.findC.finding
()2.Wehadgreatfun____inthewater.A.playB.toplayC.playsD.playing
()3.Yesterdayafternoon,we____tothepark.A.wentB.goC.goesD.goed
()4.–Howwerethepeople?
---They____unfriendly。
A.wasBwereC.areD.is
()5.Shedidn’t____meit.A.toldB.tellC.tellingDtells
()6______wasthefoodintherestaurant?
A.HowmanyB.WhyC.HowD.Where
()7.–Where___she_____onvacation?
---She____heruncle.
A.did,go,visitedB.does,govisitedC.did,went,visitedD.does,went,visit
单词
anyone['eniw?
n]pron.任何人
anywhere['eniwe?
(r)]adv.任何地方n.任何(一个)地方
wonderful['w?
nd?
fl]adj.精彩的;极好的
few[fju?
]adj.很少的;n.少量
most[m?
?
st]adj.最多的;大多数的;
something['s?
mθ?
?
]pron.某事物;
nothing(=not…anything)['n?
θ?
?
]pron.没有什么n.没有
myself[ma?
'self]pron.我自己
everyone['evriw?
n]pron.每人;人人
yourself[j?
?
'self]pron.你自己;你亲自
hen[hen]n.母鸡;雌禽
bored[b?
?
d]adj.无聊的;厌烦的;郁闷的
pign.猪
diary['da?
?
ri]n.日记;日记簿(keepadiary)
seem[si?
m]vi.似乎;好像
someone['s?
mw?
n]pron.某人;有人
quiteafew相当多;不少(后接可数名词)
ofcourse[?
vk?
?
s]当然
activity[?
k't?
v?
ti]n.活动;活跃
decide[d?
'sa?
d]v.决定;选定(decidetodosth.)
try[tra?
]v.尝试;设法;努力(trytodosth./trydoingsth.)
bird[b?
?
d]n.鸟;禽
paragliding['p?
r?
ɡla?
d?
?
]n.空中滑翔跳伞
bicycle['ba?
s?
kl]n.自行车
building['bildi?
]n.建筑物
trader['tred?
]n.商人;商船
wonder['w?
nd?
(r)]v.惊奇;想知道;怀疑
difference['d?
fr?
ns]n.差异;不同
top[t?
p]n.顶部;顶
wait[wet]v.等;等待(waitfor)
umbrella[?
m'brel?
]n.伞;雨伞
wet[wet]adj.湿的;雨天的
below[bi'l?
u]prep.低于;在...下面adv.在下面
as[?
z]conj.如同;像...一样
enough[i'n?
f]adj.足够的adv.足够地;充分地
duck[d?
k]n.鸭肉;鸭
hungry(反full)['h?
?
ɡri]adj.饥饿的;渴望的
feellike(doingsth.)想要
dislike[d?
s'la?
k]v.不喜欢;厌恶n.不喜爱;厌恶;反感
becauseof因为;由于
haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself=havefun(doingsth.)玩得痛快
根据短文内容,从方框中选择适当的单词填空。
because,crowded,delicious,weather,on,photos,boring,were
The
(1)________wassunnyandwarmtoday.MyparentsandIwenttoBeijing
(2)________vacation.Iwasveryhappy,(3)________itwasmyfirsttriptoBeijing.FirstwewenttoTian’anMenSquare.Itwasgreat.ThenwewenttothePalaceMuseum.Ididn’thavefunthere.Itwastoo(4)________init.Afterthatwehadlunch.
Thefoodwas(5)________andcheap.Ilikeditverymuch.IntheafternoonwewenttotheGreatWall.There(6)________manypeoplethere,butitwasn’t(7)_______.Wetooklotsof(8)_______there.Atfiveo’clock,wewentbacktothehotel.Weweretiredbuthappy.
阅读理解
下面几位同学正在谈论他们的周末。
Linda:
Istayedathomeandstudiedoverweekend.IstudiedformyEnglishtestonSaturday.YesterdayIwroteageographypaper.IntheeveningItalkedtomypenpalonthephone.Whatdidyoudo?
Tim:
Ihadagoodtime.OnSaturdaymorningIplayedtennis,intheafternoonIwenttothebeach,andintheeveningIwenttoNancy’sbirthdayparty.OnSundayIwenttothemountainswithmyfriends.
Mary:
Oh,yourweekendwasgreat.Butminewasboring.Istayedathomethewholeweekend.Icleanedmyroomandwashedmyclothes.Ihelpedmymotherdosomehousework.Didyougoout,Dave?
Dave:
No,Ididn’t.IstayedathomeandwatchedTVonSaturday.YesterdayIwatchedamovie,Fearless.Itwasveryexciting.
()1.Timwenttothebeachlastweekend.
()2.Davewashedtheclothesandwatchedanexcitingmovie.
()3.LindatalkedtoherpenpalonthephoneonSundaynight.
()4.NancyhadabirthdaypartyonSaturdayevening.
()5.Mary’sweekendwasgreat.Shehelpedhermotherwiththehousework.
B
MissLintookourclasstoBeijingCapitalInternationalAirportlastSaturday.Onthewaytotheairport,ChenLinsaidtome,“Myfatherisabusinessman(商人).Heoftengoestotheairport,butIneverwenttherebefore.”Soonwegottotheairport.Itisbigandbeautiful.
MissLi,aworkerattheairport,showedusaround(带……参观)theairport.Shetoldusalotabouthowtheairportworked.Thereweremanypeopleatthecheck-incounter(登机手续办理处).ThereweevenmetLinZhiling.Lotsofreporterswerearoundheraskingherquestions.ShetoldthemshecametoBeijingforaclothesshow.Atthecheck-incounterwealsometSunYunxiang.Oh,Iknowalotaboutthisboywithglasses.Heisonlyfourteenyearsold,butheisstudyinginHunanNormalUniversity(湖南师范大学).WhatdidhedoinBeijing?
Oh,Idon’tknow.
()6.________oftengoestotheairport.
A.MissLinB.ChenLinC.ChenLin’sfather
()7.MissLiworksas________.
A.ateacherB.aworkerC.areporter
()8.SunYunxiang________.
A.cametoBeijingforashowB.isaboywithglassesC.askedLinZhilingsomequestions
()9.FromthepassagewecanknowChenLinis________.
A.fromHunanB.MissLin’sstudentC.fourteenyearsold
()10.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.AttheairportLinZhilingmetlotsofreporters.
B.MissLinisSunYunxiang’steacher.
C.SunYunxiangcametoBeijingtoseeLinZhiling.
书面表达
假如你在暑假期间参加了为期三天的夏令营,请根据下表中的信息写一篇日记,记述这次夏令营的活动及感受。
要求:
日记应包含表中所有信息;不少于60词。
Time
Activity
Thefirstday
gotothebeach,goswimming
These
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