全国大学英语四级模拟题1及答案.docx
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全国大学英语四级模拟题1及答案.docx
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全国大学英语四级模拟题1及答案
全国大学英语四级模拟题1及答案
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofToGetalongwithYourRoommates.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
1.室友之间的冲突在校园里常有发生
2.冲突的主要原因
3.室友之间如何和睦相处
ToGetalongwithYourRoommate
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上。
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.
Forquestions1-7,
mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,
completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
EarlyChildhoodEducation
„EducationToBeMore?
waspublishedlastAugust.ItwasthereportoftheNewZealand
Government?
sEarlyChildhoodCareandEducationWorkingGroup.Thereportarguedfor
enhancedequity(公平)ofaccessandbetterfundingforchildcareandearlychildhoodeducationinstitutions.Unquestionably,that?
sarealneed;butsinceparentsdon?
tnormallysendchildrento
preschools
untiltheageofthree,arewemissingoutonthemostimportantyearsofall?
A13year
studyofearlychildhooddevelopmentatHarvardUniversityhasshownthat,bytheageofthree,mostchildrenhavethepotentialtounderstandabout1000words–mostofthe
languagetheywilluseinordinaryconversationfortherestoftheirlives.Furthermore,researchhasshownthatwhileeverychildisbornwithanaturalcuriosity,itcanbesuppresseddramaticallyduringthesecondandthirdyearsoflife.Researchersclaimthatthehumanpersonalityisformedduringthefirsttwoyearsoflife,andduringthefirstthreeyearschildrenlearnthebasicskillstheywilluseinalltheirlaterlearningbothathomeandatschool.Onceovertheageofthree,childrencontinuetoexpandonexistingknowledgeoftheworld.Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocioeconomic
backgrounds
tendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.That?
sobservednotjustinNewZealand,butalsoin
Australia,BritainandAmerica.Inanattempttoovercomethateducationalunderachievement,anationwideprogramcalled„Headstart?
waslaunchedintheUnitedStatesin1965.Alotofmoney
waspouredintoit.Ittookchildrenintopreschool
institutionsattheageofthreeandwas
supposedtohelpthechildrenofpoorerfamiliessucceedinschool.
Despitesubstantialfunding,resultshavebeendisappointing.Itisthoughtthattherearetwoexplanationsforthis.First,theprogrambegantoolate.Manychildrenwhoentereditattheageofthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandmeasurableintelligence.Second,theparentswerenotinvolved.Attheendofeachday,„Headstart?
childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantaged
homeenvironment.
Asaresultofthegrowingresearchevidenceoftheimportanceofthefirstthreeyearsofachild?
slifeandthedisappointingresultsfrom„Headstart?
apilotprogramwaslaunchedin
MissouriintheUSthatfocusedonparentsasthechild?
sfirstteachers.The„Missouri?
program
waspredicatedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamily,ratherthanbypassingtheparents,isthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetofftothebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefouryear
pilotstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandwhorepresentedacrosssection
ofsocioeconomic
status,ageandfamilyconfigurations(结构).They
includedsingleparent
andtwoparent
families,familiesinwhichbothparentsworked,and
familieswitheitherthemotherorfatherathome.
Theprograminvolvedtrainedparenteducatorsvisitingtheparents?
homeandworkingwith
theparent,orparents,andthechild.Informationonchilddevelopment,andguidanceonthingstolookforandexpectasthechildgrowswereprovided,plusguidanceinfosteringthechild?
s
intellectual,language,socialandmotorskill
development.Periodiccheckups
ofthechild?
seducationalandsensorydevelopment(hearingandvision)weremadetodetectpossiblehandicapsthatinterferewithgrowthanddevelopment.Medicalproblemswerereferredtoprofessionals.Parenteducatorsmadepersonalvisitstohomesandmonthlygroupmeetingswereheldwithothernewparentstoshareexperienceanddiscusstopicsofinterest.Parentresourcecenters,locatedinschoolbuildings,offeredlearningmaterialsforfamiliesandfacilitiesforchild.Attheageofthree,thechildrenwhohadbeeninvolvedinthe„Missouri?
programwere
evaluatedalongsideacrosssection
ofchildrenselectedfromthesamerangeofsocioeconomic
backgroundsandfamilysituations,andalsoarandomsampleofchildrenthatage.Theresultswerephenomenal.Bytheageofthree,thechildrenintheprogramweresignificantlymoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopmentthantheirpeers,hadmadegreaterstridesinproblemsolvingandotherintellectualskills,andwerefurtheralonginsocialdevelopment.Infact,theaveragechildontheprogramwasperformingatthelevelofthetop15to20percentoftheirpeersinsuchthingsasauditorycomprehension,verbalabilityandlanguageability.
Mostimportantofall,thetraditionalmeasuresof„risk?
suchasparents?
ageandeducation,or
whethertheywereasingleparent,borelittleornorelationshiptothemeasuresofachievementandlanguagedevelopment.Childrenintheprogramperformedequallywellregardlessofsocioeconomic
disadvantages.Childabusewasvirtuallyeliminated.Theonefactorthatwas
foundtoaffectthechild?
sdevelopmentwasfamilystressleadingtoapoorqualityofparentchild
interaction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.
Theseresearchfindingsareexciting.ThereisgrowingevidenceinNewZealandthatchildrenfrompoorersocioeconomic
backgroundsarearrivingatschoollesswelldevelopedandthatour
schoolsystemtendstoperpetuate(使永存)thatdisadvantage.Theinitiativeoutlinedabovecould
breakthatcycleofdisadvantage.Theconceptofworkingwithparentsintheirhomes,orattheirplaceofwork,contrastsquitemarkedlywiththereportoftheEarlyChildhoodCareandEducationWorkingGroup.Theirfocusisongettingchildrenandmothersaccesstochildcareandinstitutionalizedearlychildhoodeducation.Educationfromtheageofthreetofiveisundoubtedlyvital,butwithoutasimilarfocusonparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovercomeeducationalinequity.
1.Theskillslearnedbychildrenatageofthreewillbeusedinalltheirlaterlearninginlife.2.The„Headstart?
programfinallysucceededinitsaim.
3.The„Missour?
programsuppliedmanyformsofsupportandtrainingtoparents.
4.Most„Missouri?
programthreeyearolds
scoredhighlyinareassuchaslistening,speaking,
reasoningandinteractingwithothers.
5.„Missouri?
programchildrenofyoung,uneducated,singleparentsscoredlesshighlyonthe
tests.
6.Thericherfamiliesinthe„Missouri?
programhadhigherstresslevels.
7.Educationalinequitycannotbeovercomeforchildrenfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds.8.Theaimof„Headstart?
programistohelpchildrenfrompoorfamiliesovercome
____________________.
9.Themosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetofftothebestpossiblestartinlifeis____________________.
10.TheconceptofworkingwithparentsintheirhomescontrastsquitemarkedlywiththereportoftheEarlyChildhoodCoreand____________________.
PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequestedtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Formanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahitlist
ofourmainfears:
naturalresourcesare47out;thepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;speciesarebecoming48invastnumbers,andtheplanet?
s
airandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.
Butaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemore49notlessso,sincethebook„TheLimitstoGrowth?
was
publishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedper50oftheworld?
spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeopleare51.Third,although
speciesareindeedbecomingextinct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not25~50%,ashassooftenbeen52.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeen53,oraretransient–associatedwith
theearlystagesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butby54it.Oneformofpollution–thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobal
warming–doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelyto55adevastating(令人心神不安的)problem.Abigger
problemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.
Yetopinionpollssuggestthatma
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