解题技巧.docx
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解题技巧.docx
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解题技巧
一、高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。
考生应能:
1、理解主旨要义;
2、理解文中具体信息;
3、根据上下文推断生词的词义;
4、作出简单判断和理解;
5、理解文章的基本结构;
6、理解
二、考试题型:
1.细节题
2.猜词题
3.推断题
4.主旨大意题
5.图示题
三、解题技巧
1.细节题
主题思想只是文章的框架,作者在构思过程中,还必须对要表达的观点或信息进行具体的陈述,读者应能准确记住作者在陈述中谈到是何人、何处、何事、和何时何故,这是十分重要的。
因此,读者必须重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点等。
对于这类细节性的问题,多数文章都比较明显地提供了事实和细节,其答案必定在文章论述范围之内。
读者应该找出文章中为所作的选择提供依据的单词和句子,而不能脱离原文去获取信息,也不能仓促地作出没有原文根据的假设。
细读是获取事实和细节不可缺少的方法之一,它使读者能够接受信息、记忆信息、分析信息,从而较深入地领会一篇文章。
这类题型主要有三种形式:
问句式,不完整的陈述句和排除法。
Whichofthefollowingpeopleshould(not)doit?
Accordingtotheauthor,“it”wascausedby____.
WhichofthefollowingareNOTmentionedinthepassage?
Ex.1LifeonLand
Lifeonlandprobablybeganabout430millionyearsago,thoughithasexistedinthewaterforperhapsaslongas3000millionyears.Whenwethinkofthefirstlifeonland,weprobablythinkofstrangeanimalscomingoutoftheoceans,but,infact,noanimalscouldhavebeenlivingifplantshadnotbeenonlandfirst.Plantshadtobeonlandbeforeanimalsarrived.Theysuppliedthefirstlandanimalswiththesurroundingandfoodnecessary,sincethey--theplantsaretheonlyformoflifethatisabletogetandstoreenergy.
Thefirstplantstoexistoutofthewaterwereprobablycertainkindsofalgae(海藻)whichwerefollowedbyotherplantsthatgrewclosetothegroundandneededwaterinwhichtoreproduce.
WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Algaehaveexistedformorethan430millionyears.
B.Itisimpossiblethatalgaemightbetheearliestplantonland.
C.Plantsgetfoodfromanimalsintheoceans.
D.Evolutionbeganafteranimalsappearedonland.
细节题例题
ThebasenjiisacentralAfricanhuntingdog.ItcomesfromacountrycalledChad,whichisnorthoftheCentralAfricanRepublic.Thebasenjiwaswell-knownasthe“silentdog”becauseforcenturiesnobasenjishadeverbeenknowntobark(吠).ThenatadogshowinLondonin1953,abasenjiactuallybarked.
Aswellasbeingclever,basenjisareknownfortheirnaturalcourageandarestillpopularhuntingdogsinAfrica.ButinAmericapeoplekeepthemmainlybecausetheyaregentleandfulloffun.Thebasenjihasanunusualhabit;itwashesitselfalloverlikeacat.Itisamiddle-sizeddog,16or17incheshigherfromtheshoulder.Itweighsabout20pounds.Abasenji’scoatisshortandsilky.Itmaybebrown,white,orgold,oramixtureofthesethreecolours.
1.Basenjiswerefirstfound______.
A.inAfrica,EuropeandAmericaB.inbothAfricaandAmerica
C.incentralAfricaD.inNorthAfrica
2.Whatmadebasenjissospecial?
A.Theywerefunnyenoughtomakepeoplelaugh.
B.OneofthembarkedatadogshowinLondon.
C.Theywereatruefriendofman.
D.Theywerebornquietdogs.
3.Americanslikebasenjisbecausetheyare______.
A.pleasantB.prettyC.cleanD.quiet
4.Inwhatwayarebasenjislikecats?
A.Theymakegentlesoundsinsteadofbarking.
B.Theyarefondofpeopleandlooklikecats.
C.Theycleanthemselvesallover.
D.Theyhaveshort,silkyfur.
5.Basenjisaregoodhuntersbecausetheyare______.
A.strongB.fearlessC.therightcolourD.therightweight
2.猜词题
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有:
1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.
2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.
3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?
4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______......
类型:
猜词义(对考纲外生词的猜测、对考纲内熟词新义的猜测)和句义
(1)ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:
Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.
“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”
(2)Ihadfirstknownshewaswrongthatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全国卷)
“cloud”means“_____________________.”
(3)Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)
Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.
A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched
解题技巧:
1.构词法
◎.(05重庆卷)1.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.
◎.It’struethatlighthousewerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplace.
◎.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?
2.定义描述(定语从句或is,becalled,beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示;
或thatis(tosay),inotherwords)
◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.
◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.
◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.
◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.
3.同义反义(or,like,similarly,as…as,thesameas等表同义关系;
表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,bycontrast,onthecontrary等。
)
◎Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.
◎Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter
◎(2009陕西,50)Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives’tales.
50.Thephrase“holdwater”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans”_____”.
A.tobebelievableB.tobevaluableC.tobeadmirableD.tobesuitable
4.因果关系
◎SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.
◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.
◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.
常用关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果
5.举例归纳
◎Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.
◎Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.
◎(06陕西卷)Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.
Inparagraph2,“aroofovertheirheads”mostprobablymeans______.
A.acapB.acarC.ahomeD.acovering
6.生活常识
◎Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.
◎Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.
◎Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.
7.上下推断
◎(05福建卷)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.
Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.
A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout
◎(2009天津)Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames:
Oneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment.Asinmanyareas,oldhabitsdiedhard,andtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost.
37.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“diehard”inParagraph1probablymean?
A.Changesuddenly.B.Changesignificantly.
C.Disappearmysteriously.D.Disappearveryslowly.
◎Butit’satwo-waystreet.IjustheardaboutathousandShenzhenofficeworkerswhohavegonetoBangaloretotraininsoftware.Meanwhile,alltheIndianITmajorsaresettingupastrongpresenceinChina.(09辽宁卷)
Whatdoesthewritermeanby“it’satwo–waystreet”?
A.ChinaandIndiahavedifferenttrafficrules.
B.TeatradeworkswandersinbothIndiaandChina
C.ChineseproductsarepopularinbothChinaandIndia
D.TheexchangesbetweenIndiaandChinabenefitboth
8.代词替代法
◎Supermarketsaretryingoutnewcomputersthatmakeshoppingcartsmoreintelligent(具备智能的).Theywillhelpshoppersfindpapercupsoretoiletsoap,andkeeparecordofthebill.
53.Theunderlinedword“They“refersto____.
A.supermarketsB.shopassistantsC.shoppingcartsD.shopmanagers
◎Therearealsoruleswhichdealwiththestandardofservicesyougetfrom,say,travelagents,shoerepairers,hairdressersandbuilders.Thesetellyouwhatyoushouldexpectfromanyserviceyoupayfor.
64.Theunderlinedwore“these”inParagraph2refersto“_________”.
A.theservicesB.theworkersC.thegoodsD.therules
3.推断题
阅读推理判断题类型inferimplyindicatesuggestconclude
1.推断隐含意义
2.推断作者观点或态度(objective,doubtful,supportive,positive,neutral,negative)
3.推断写作目的(amuse,inform,persuade)
(introducethetopic;makethepointeasytounderstand)
4.推断文章出处(newspaper,website,popularmagazine,bookview,sciencefiction,culture…)
5.推断人物的观点、情感、品性(optimistic,kind,determined,sympathy,funny…)
6.推断读者对象或文章的作者
7.推断作者的情感
第1题Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother’sEnglishnow?
_______________
第2题Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma_____________________
第3题Theauthorintendsto___________________________
第4题Thesecondparagraphindicatestheimportanceof___________________
第5题Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafterhetalkedwithhisfriend?
__________
第6题RaeArmantrout’scolleaguesthinkthatshe____________________
第7题Whoprobablywrotetheletter?
___________
第1题WhenIwasateenager,mymother’sbrokenEnglishembarrassedme.Butnow,Iseeitdifferently.Tome,mymother’sEnglishisperfectlyclear,perfectlynatural.Itismymothertongue.Herlanguage,asIhearit,isvivid,direct,andfullofobservationandwisdom.Itwasthelanguagethathelpedshapetheway1sawthings,expressedideas,andmadesenseoftheworld.[2010年广东卷A篇44]
【题目】Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother’sEnglishnow?
【分析题型】________________________
【判断选项】A.Itconfusesher.
B.Itembarrassesher.
C.Ithelpsh
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