动词不定式专题初中.docx
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动词不定式专题初中.docx
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动词不定式专题初中
Warmup
Fiveminutestalk…
Justforfun
"Arewepoisonous?
"theyoungsnakeaskedhismother.
"Yes,dear,"shereplied-"Whydoyouask?
"
"BecauseI'vejustbittenmytongue!
"
Notes:
(1)poisonousadj.有毒的
(2)tonguen.舌头
一.Revision
Ⅰ.听写:
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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Ⅱ.检查作业+知识点回顾
二.Newlesson
1.Sayings
It’snevertoooldtolearn.
Learntowalkbeforeyourun.
Assoonasyoutrustyourself,youwillknowhowtolive.
Bettertolightonecandlethantocurse(诅咒)thedarkness.
Amanmayleadahorsetothewater,buthecannotmakeitdrink.
Themanwhohasmadeuphismindtowinwillneversay‘impossible’.
Itisnotenoughtobeindustrious(勤劳).Whatareyouindustriousfor?
Trynottobecomeamanofsuccessbutrathertrytobecomeamanofvalue.
Amancanfailmanytimes,butheisn’tafailureuntilhebeginstoblamesomebodyelse.
Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattain(达到)it.
不定式(Infinitive)
㈠概念:
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词(非谓语动词是指不能作谓语、没有人称和数的变化的动词)。
如:
Toseeistobelieve.
㈡构成:
不定式有两种形式①带to的不定式,即to+动词原形,to是不定式符号没有实际意义;
②不带to的不定式,即所谓的动词原形。
:
不定式的时态与语态变化
主动语态
被动语态
一般时
todo
tobedone
进行时
tobedoing
完成时
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
作用:
不定式(或不定式带宾语或状语构成的不定式短语)可以作主语、表语、宾语,定语、状语、补语。
1.作主语(Subject)
动词不定式(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数,通常用it作形式主语。
Nicetomeetyou.
It’sdangeroustodrivetoofast.
Ittookmeseveralhourstogetthere.
Ittookusagreatdealofeffortstofinishthattask.
Tosayiseasy,todoisdifficult.=Itiseasytosay,itisdifficulttodo.
[小叮咛]在Itis+形容词+for/of+sb+todosth句子中,若形容词用于形容sb,则用介词of;
若形容词用于形容不定式todosth,则用介词for。
Itiskindofyoutohelpme.
It’sdangerousforchildrentoswimintheriver.
2.作表语(Predicative)
不定式可以用于系动词(be,become,feel,look,seem,smell,sound,taste等)之后作表语。
Mywishistobeascientist.
Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.
Themostimportantthingistoputoutthefire.
[小叮咛]若主语中有实义动词do,而表语不定式的动词是do的内容,则to可以省略。
AllIdidwaswait.
3.作定语(Attribute)
不定式(短语)作定语时后置。
Ihavealotofworktodo.I’dlikesomethingtoeat/drink.
⑴不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。
Wehavenotimetoseethefilmtoday.
⑵不定式与被修饰词之间有动宾关系。
Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread.
若不定式的动词是不及物动词,它的介词不能省略。
Heaskedforaroomtolivein.
⑶不定式与被修饰词之间有主谓关系。
Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
4.作状语(Adverbial)
不定式(短语)可以作状语,表示原因、目的、结果等。
I’mpleasedtomeetyou.
Heranfasttocatchthebus.
Shewenttothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.
5.作宾语(Object)
不定式(短语)可以作及物动词(或介词)的宾语,如agree,begin,choose,decide,forget,learn,like,love,mean,need,help,hope,plan,prepare,refuse,remember,start,try,want,wish,goon,wouldlike.
◆动词find,think,feel等常用于结构“主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语+todosth”。
Hefounditnecessarytoexerciseandkeepfit.
【小叮咛】
⑴有些动词只能接不定式、而不能接动名词(doing)作宾语。
如agree,aim,choose,decide,hope,learn,offer,promise,pretend,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。
Wouldyouliketohavesometea?
⑵有些动词既能接不定式、又能接动名词(doing)作宾语,并且意义差别不大。
如hate,learn,prefer。
⑶有些动词既能接不定式、又能接动名词(doing)作宾语,并且意义差别很大。
如:
begin,start,try,like,love,forget,remember,stop, goon,mean,
⑷need+todosth. (+doingsth.)Youneedtogohomequickly. Yourshoesneedmending
need后接动词不定式时,表示主动意义;后接动词的-ing形式时,表示被动意义。
helptodosth中的to可以省略,意义相同。
Kateusuallyhelps(to)dosomehouseworkonSunday.
6.作宾语补足语:
(v.+sb.+todo)
ask,order,send,teach,tell, want,wish,wouldlike +sb.todosth.
这些动词后面只能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:
Sheaskedmetohelpher.
Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.
Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.
常见动词不带to:
let,make,feel,hear,see,watch
使役动词:
let, make, have
感官动词:
see,watch,look,hear,listento,feel(三看两听一感觉)
◆感官动词hearsb.dosth.听到某人做了某事
seesb.dosth.看见某人做了某事
watchsb.dosth.观看某人做了某事
findsb.dosth.发现某人做了某事
feelsb.dosth.感觉某人做了某事
如:
Myparentsdon’tletmeswimintheriver.
Didyouwatchtheoldmangetintothebus?
Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.
Iheardhersinginthenextroom.
◆作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。
如:
Couldyouhelpme(to)dothecookingthisafternoon?
Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohouseworkathome.
㈤否定形式:
在不定式符号to前面加not。
通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,即构成nottodo 或nevertodo 的形式,注意not和never一定要放在不定式符号to的前面,而不是其后面。
如:
Thedoctoradvisedmenottosmoke. 医生劝我不要抽烟。
Fatherwarnedmenevertodriveafterdrinking. 父亲警告我不要酒后开车。
◆soastodosth 和inordertodosth 的否定式
对于这两个结构的否定式,通常是将否定词置于不定式符号to之前,而不是置于整个结构之前或其他位置。
如:
Studyhard soasnotto failtheexam. 努力学习,以免考试不及格。
Hecameinquietlyinordernotto wakehiswife. 他轻轻进来,以免把他妻子吵醒。
Idecidednottoaskhimagain.
㈥疑问词+动词不定式
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语,它在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。
注:
疑问词why没有此用法,不定式的逻辑主语常为句中主语。
如:
Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.何时动身尚未决定。
(做主语)
Icannotpredictwhentomeetheragain.我无法预测什么时候会再见到她。
(做宾语)
Idon'tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办。
(做宾语)
Thequestionwaswheretogo.问题在于到哪儿去。
(做表语)
◆“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、findout等的宾语。
Idon’tknowwhotoask.我真不知道该问谁。
◆“疑问词+动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。
Shetoldmewheretofindtheearphone.她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。
【小叮咛】
带“to”的短语不一定都是动词不定式,比如accordingto,stickto,listento,payattentionto,leadto,lookforwardto等。
“to”在上述短语中作介词,后接名词,代词或动名词。
◆usedtodosth,beusedtodosth,be/getusedtosth./doingsth.
1)usedtodosth意思是"过去常常(曾经)做某事,表示过去发生的动作,todosth是不定式。
Iusedtotakepianolessons.
2)beusedtodosth意思为"被用来做某事",其中的todosth是不定式结构。
如,Paperisusedtomakekites.
3)be/getusedto表示"习惯于",如果get/beusedto后面接动词时,要用动词-ing形式。
如Sheisusedtolivinginthecountry.
不定式的特殊句型too…to
1.太……以至于He’stooexcitedtospeak.
2.若too前面有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定。
It’snevertoolatetomend.
3.当too前面有only,all,but时,意思是“非常……”,等于very.
如:
I’monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高兴能帮你。
Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。
whynot
Whynot+动词原型,表达向某人提出建议,whynottakeaholiday?
(七)不定式的复合结构
当不定式的动作执行者与句子的主语不一致时,不定式前要加一个名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语,该名词或代词常由介词for引导。
“for+名词或代词+不定式”称为不定式复合结构,在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语等。
如:
Forthegoodstobepackedinstrongcasesisnecessary.把货物包装在坚实的箱子里是必要的。
WhatIwantisforyoutounderstandthematterclearly.我所希望的是你对这件事有个清楚的了解。
Ithinkitbetterforyoutoseethedoctor.我想你最好看一下医生。
Sheisanexampleforustofollow.她是我们学习的榜样。
Heclosedthedoorforthedognottogoout.他关上门不让狗出去。
三.Exercise
Ⅰ.分析划线部分的不定式在句子中的成分
1.Hecontinuedhisexplorationoftheuniverseandtraveledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.
2.Sincethen,Hawkinghascontinuedtoseekanswertoquestionsaboutthenatureoftheuniverse.
3.Scientistslookattheworldandtrytodescribeandexplainwhattheysee.
4.Inthebook,Hawkingexplainsbothwhatitmeanstobeascientistandhowscienceworks.
5.Readerswerepleasedandsurprisedtofindthatascientistcouldwriteabouthisworkinawaythatordinarypeoplecouldunderstand.
6.Toexplainwhattheyhaveseen,theybuildatheoryaboutthewayinwhichthingshappenandthecausesandeffects.
7.Butif,likeHawking,theyarestudyingsomethingthatistoolargeortoodifficulttoobservedirectly,theywilluseamodeltotestthetheory.
8.PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim,becausehisthoughtsandideasoftenseemaslargeastheuniverseheistryingtodescribe.
Ⅱ根据句子意思,用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.CanyouaskTom_____________(speak)moreslowly?
2. Ihope_______________(find)agoodjobinShanghai.
3. Iwanted_____________(have))acupoftea.
4. Theteachertoldus_______________(do)Exercises1and2.
5. I’llgo___________________(see)mygrandmatomorrow.
6.Theyusually______kitesonSundays.(fly)
7.Look!
Thedog_____afterthecat.(run)
8.MissGao____Englishinourschoolsinceshecamehere.(teach)
9.Theclassmeeting____lastWednesdayafternoon.(hold)
10.Youshouldlethim_____theworkbyhimself.(finish)
11.Pleaseremember______thewindowwhenyouleavetheroom.(close)
Ⅲ.单项选择
1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.
A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make
3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard
4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.
A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard
5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told
6. You were silly not _______your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.
A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make
8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.
A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.
A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing
10. The bank is reported in
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