考研英语一真题.docx
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考研英语一真题.docx
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考研英语一真题
Text1
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.
Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:
WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.
Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.
Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.
ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:
EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.
Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:
Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.
TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.
21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto____
[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.
[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.
[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.
[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.
22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.
[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.
23.Theword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto____
[A]quieter.
[B]cheaper.
[C]wider.
[D]faster.
24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis____
[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.
[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.
[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.
[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthetext?
[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety
[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution
[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines
[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes
Text2
“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.
AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.
OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.
Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.
Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.
TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.
26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates____
[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.
[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.
[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.
[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.
27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto____
[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.
[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.
[C]itsreligiousimplications.
[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.
28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause____
[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.
[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.
[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.
[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.
29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sastronomy____
[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.
[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.
[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.
[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians’hostility.
30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof____
[A]severecriticism.
[B]passiveacceptance.
[C]slighthesitancy.
[D]fullapproval.
Text3
RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.
ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternWorld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsosowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?
Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDRover40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamorerounded assessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.
Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety;incomeequalityandtheenvironment.
Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:
WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.
SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalequalityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.
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