四级阅读18单元.docx
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四级阅读18单元.docx
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四级阅读18单元
四级阅读练习2005版
Unit1
Passageone
Thereismuchdiscussiontodayaboutwhethereconomicgrowthisdesirable.Atanearlierperiod,ourdesireformaterialwealthmayhavebeenjustified.
Now,however,thisdesireformorethanweneediscausingseriousproblems.Eventhoughwehavegoodintentions,wemaybeproducingtoomuch,toofast.Thosewhocriticizeeconomicgrowtharguethatwemustslowdown.Theybelievethatsocietyisapproachingcertainlimitsongrowth.Theseincludethefixedsupplyofnaturalresources,thepossiblenegativeeffectsofindustryonthenaturalenvironment,andthecontinuingincreaseintheworld’spopulation.Associetyreachestheselimits,economicgrowthcannolongercontinue,andthequalityoflifewilldecrease.
Peoplewhowantmoreeconomicgrowth,ontheotherhand,arguethatevenatthepresentgrowthratetherearemanypoorpeopleintheworld.Theseproponentsofeconomicgrowthbelievethatonlymoregrowthcancreatethecapitalneededtoimprovethequalityoflifeintheworld.Furthermore,theyarguethatonlycontinuedgrowthcanprovidethefinancialresourcesrequiredtoprotectournaturalsurroundingsfromindustrialization.Thisdebateoverthedesirabilityofcontinuedeconomicgrowthisofvitalimportancetobusinessandindustry.Ifthosewhoargueagainsteconomicgrowtharecorrect,theproblemstheymentioncannotbeignored.Tofindasolution,economistsandthebusinesscommunitymustpayattentiontotheseproblemsanddiscussthemwithoneanother.
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeconomicgrowth.
B.Thepresentdebateoneconomicgrowth.
C.Thecontradictionbetweeneconomistsandthebusinesscommunity.
D.Theimportanceofthedebateoneconomicgrowth.
2.Accordingtothosewhoargueagainsteconomicgrowth,wemustslowdownforthefollowingreasonsexceptthat_________.
A.theworldpopulationiseverincreasing.
B.Ournaturalenvironmentisindangerofbeingdestroyedbyindustry.
C.Moreeffortsshouldbemadetoimprovethequalityofourmateriallife.
D.Thefixedsupplynaturalresourcesmarksapointbeyondwhicheconomicgrowthcannotcontinue.
3.Wemayinferfromthecontextthe“proponents”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans_______.
A.PeoplewhoargueforsomethingB.Peoplewhoargueagainstsomething
C.disagreementsD.argumentsinsupportofsomething
4.Peoplewhowantmoreeconomicgrowthbelievethatcontinuedeconomicgrowth_________.
A.isessentialtothewell-beingofsocietyasawhole.
B.Canprovideuswithmorenaturalresourcesforindustrialization
C.Canprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpollutedbyindustry
D.Cansolvemanyofoursocialproblemstoday
5.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat______.
A.theauthorisforeconomicgrowth
B.theauthordescribesthecaseasitis\
C.theauthorisagainstcontinuedeconomicgrowth
D.theauthorisworriedabouttheproblemscausedbycontinuedeconomicgrowth
Passagetwo
“Ismokeformyhealth”,Iproclaimedinanewspaperarticlepublishedin1979.SinceIamadoctor,thisadviceattractedamusedattention.Ireasonedthatsmokingmademecoughandthuspreventedpneumonia;smokingmademyheartgofasterandeliminatedtheneedforspecialexercise;smokingrestrainedmyappetiteandkeptmetrim.Andthen,at51,Ihadaheartattack.
Iknewtheriskfactorsforearlyheartattacksincludehypertension,diabetes,afamilyhistoryofheartdisease,highblood-cholesterollevelsandsmoking.Thefirstfourwereinmyfavor,butchosetosmoke.
Strangehowtheevidencethatlinkedsmokingtoheartdiseaseappeareduncleartome,andhowthesamedatanowappearoverwhelminglyconvincing.Whystopnow?
Smokerswhostopaftertheirfirstheartattackhavean80-percentchanceoflivingtenmoreyears---iftheydon’t,a60-percentchance.
Asasmoker,Ialwaysresentedthefactthatwesmokersreceivedonlyscornfromnon-smokers.Howcouldnonsmokersknowthatsmokingwasbadforthehealthiftherewerenosmokerstoproveit?
Beingamemberoftheexperimentalgroup,ratherthanthecontrolgroup,deservesacertainmeasureofsocialappreciation.I’vedonemytime.I’mnowreadytobeacontrol.Inolongersmokeformyhealth.Myhealthcan’tstandthehelp.
WillImissthelate-nighttripstofindastorethat’sstillopenandsellingcigarettes?
WillImisssearchingthroughashtraystofindthelongestbuttthatisstillsmokable?
Onlytimewilltell.Notsmokingmaygivemethetimetofindout.
Wasiteasytostop?
Sure.Hereisallyouhavetodo.First,experienceaseverecrushingpainunderyourbreastboneasyoufinishacigarette.Next,haveyourselfadmittedtoacoronary-care(心脏康复)unitandbestrippedofyourclothingandbelongings.Finally,remainintheunitatabsolutebedrestforfourdayswhilesmokingisforbidden.Thisbrokemyhabit.Seeifitworksforyou.
6.Thewriterusedtobelieveallthefollowingstatementsexceptthat___________.
A.smokingbenefitshealthB.coughdoesgoodtohealth
C.smokingcantaketheplaceofphysicalexercise
D.smokinghelpspreventpeoplefromgettingtoofat
7.“Thefirstfourwereinmyfavor”inparagraph2mostprobablymeans__________.
A.thefirstfourfactorsdidmeafavor
B.IwasNOTaccompaniedwiththeforfactors
C.Iwouldn’tbedownwiththefourdiseases
D.Thefourfactorssupportedme
8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Thewholesocietyshouldtakemorecareofsmokers.
B.Thewriterusedtobuycigaretteslateatnight.
C.Non-smokersshouldbegratefultosmokers.
D.Thewriterbelieveshewilllivelongerprovidedhequitssmoking.
9.Theword“help”attheendofParagraph4refersto___________.
A.smokingcigarettesB.controlgroup
C.socialappreciationD.experimentalgroup
10.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.I’veDoneMyTimeB.MyFault
C.WhyIDevelopedHeartDiseaseD.WhyIQuitSmoking
PassageThree
Itisharedtogetanyagreementontheaccuratemeaningoftheterm“socialclass”.Ineverydaylife,peopletendtohaveadifferentapproachtothosetheyconsidertheirequalsfromthosetheyconsiderhigherorlowerthanthemselvesinthesocialscale.Thecriteriaweuseto“place”anewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureoffactors.Dress,wayofspeaking,areaofresidenceinagivencityorprovince,educationandmannersallplayapart.
InGreece,afterthesixthcenturyB.C.,therewasagrowingconflictbetweenthepeasantsandthelandedaristocrats,andagradualdecreaseinthepowerofthearistocracywhenakindof“middleclass”oftradersandskilledworkersgrewup.ThepopulationofAthens,forexample,wasdividedintothreemainclasseswhichwerepoliticallyandlegallydistinct.Aboutone-thirdofthetotalwereslaves,whodidnotcountpoliticallyatall,afactoftenforgottenbythosewhopraiseAthensasthenurseryofdemocracy.Thenextmaingroupconsistedofresidentforeigners,the“metis”,whowerefreemen,thoughtheytoowereallowednoshareinpoliticallife.Thethirdgroupwasthepowerfulbodyof“citizens”,whowerethemselvesdividedintosub-classes.
InthelateMiddleAges,however,thedevelopmentofamoneyeconomyandthegrowthofcitiesandtradeledtotheriseofanotherclass,the“burghers(公民)”orcitymerchantsandmayors.Thesewerethepredecessorsofthemodernmiddleclasses.Graduallyhighofficeandoccupationassumedimportanceindeterminingsocialposition,asitbecamemoreandmorepossibleforapersonborntoonestationinlifetomovetoanother.Thischangeaffectedthetownsmorethanthecountryareas,whereremnantsoffeudalismlastedmuchlonger.
Withthebreak-upofthefeudaleconomy,theincreasingdivisionoflabor,andthegrowingpowerofthetownburghers,thecommercialandprofessionalmiddleclassbecamemoreandmoreimportantinEurope,andtheolderprivilegedclass,thelandedaristocracy,begantolosesomeofitspower.
11.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout__________.
A.howtodefinetheterm“socialclass”
B.muchalternationinpeople’ssocialclass
C.thecomplexityofevaluatingaperson’ssocialclass
D.thewaywetellwhichsocialclassapersonbelongsto
12.InParagraph1,“criteria”mostprobablymeans_________.
A.standardsofjudgmentB.criticism
C.methodsD.characteristic
13.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A.Inasense,socialmobilitycanbeattributedtothegrowthoftrade.
B.SlavesinancientGreecewerenotpoliticallysignificant.
C.ThenewclassmadeupoftradersandofficersofthelateMiddleAgesmadethedevelopmentofamoneyeconomypossible.
D.Themodernmiddleclassesarethesuccessorsofthe“burghers”ofthelateMiddleAges.
14.TheGreekaristocracy’spowerinthesixthcenturyB.C.declinedbecauseof_________.
A.theslaves.B.theforeignresidents.
C.theconflictbetweenthepeasantsandthelandedaristocrats.
D.thegrowthofanewmiddleclassinthesixthcenturyB.C.
15.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe_______.
A.SocialClassesB.ChangesinSocialSystem
C.TheEvolutionofHumanSocietyD.TheCriteriatoClassifySocialGroups
PassageFour
Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill\.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorend
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