丽水市最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题含答案.docx
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丽水市最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题含答案.docx
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丽水市最新高考英语阅读理解练习题含答案
丽水市最新高考英语阅读理解练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobecomeshort-sightedinlatelife,astudyhasshown.
Asmanyasaquarterofallcasesofshort-sightednessarecausedbytoogreatanexposuretosunlightinthefirstweeksoflife,sayeyeexperts.
Theyareadvisingallparentstoputsunglassesontheirbabiesduringthefirstweeks.
Scientistshadalreadyestablishedthatover-exposuretosunlightcausedshortsightednessinanimals.
Researcherswhocomparedthemonthsinwhichbabieswerebornwithwhethertheyneededglasseslateronsaytheprinciplealsoappliestohumans.
Astudyofalmost300,000youngadults-thelargestofitskind-showedthatthoseborninJuneandJulyhada25percentgreaterchanceofbecomingseverelyshort-sightedthanthoseborninDecemberorJanuary.
ResearchleaderProfessorMichaelBelkin,ofTelAvivUniversity,saiditwasbecauseprolongedillumination(光照)causestheeyeballtolengthen-causingshort-sightedness.
Hencethemorelightanewbornisexposedto,themoretheeyeballlengthensandtheworsetheshort-sightednesswillbe.
Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin(褪黑激素),apigment(色素)whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.
Inyoungbabiesnotenoughmelatoninisreleasedasprotection,meaningtheyaremorevulnerabletosunburnandchangestoeyeballshape.
SightexpertProfessorDanielO'Leary,ofAngliaRuskinUniversityinCambridge,said"Atthemomentwedon'tknowtheprecisecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight,buttheevidenceseemstoprovethatitisoneofthereasonsforpeoplebecomingshortsighted."
(1)Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobeshortsighted____________.
A. becausethesummersunistoostrongforbabies
B. becausebabiesborninsummerhavelengthenedeyeballs
C. iftheyareexposedtoomuchsunlightinthefirstweeksaftertheyarebornD
ifparentsdon'tknowaproperwaytoprotecttheirbabies'eyes
(2)Melatoninisakindofmaterialto___________.
A. preventtheeyesfrombecomingnear-sighted
B. protecttheskinfromharmfulsunrays
C. makeourbodystrong D. protectbabies'eyesfromsummersun
(3)FromwhatProfessorDanielO'Learysayswecanconcludethat___________.
A. thereisnoevidencethatshortsightednessisrelatedtoexposuretosunlight
B. whetherlightexposureaffectssightstillneedstobefurtherproved
C. hebelievesthatlightexposurecancauseshortsightedness
D. hetriestogivethecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight
(4)Theunderlinedword"vulnerable"inthepassageprobablymeans__________.
A. easytobeharmed
B. resistant
C. protective
D. changeable
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼,眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段和第二段可知,眼科专家称:
在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼,因为由于婴儿在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第三段中的“Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin(褪黑激素),apigment(色素)whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.“可知,褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。
故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段可知,剑桥大学的 视学专家DanielO'Leary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。
故选C。
(4)考查词义猜测。
在婴幼儿时期,没有产生足够的褪黑激素作为保护,婴幼儿更容易被阳光灼伤,并且改变眼球的形状。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Imaginesomeonewhohasspentthemajorityoftheirlifesittingwithasignonthesideoftheroadandthatverypersongivingsomeonetheirlast20dollars.That'sexactlywhatMarineCorpsveteran(退伍军人)JohnnyBobbitt,34,didinOctoberinPhiladelphia.
BobbittservedintheU.S.MarineCorpsandworkedasaparamedic(医务辅助人员)inVanceCounty,N.C.beforehebecamehomeless.Nobodyknewhowhegottowherehewasbecausehewasdiscreetaboutthat.
OnenightinOctober,BobbittwassittingroadsidewithasigninPhiladelphiaasusual,whenKateMcClureofFlorenceTownship,N.J.wasdrivinghomedownInterstate95andranoutofgas.Scaredandnervous,shegotoutofthecartoheadtothenearestgasstation.AsMcClurewasheadingtothenearestgasstation,sheranintoBobbittandhetoldhertogetbackinthevehicleandlockthedoor.Minuteslater,heappearedwitharedgascan.He'dusedhislast$20tobuyhergas.
Afterthatunexpectedmeeting,McClureandherboyfriend,MarkD'Amico,whobothliveinNewJersey,visitedBobbittseveraltimestodelivergiftcards,cash,snacksandtoiletries.Theythendecidedtocreateafundraisingpagesohewouldn'thavetospendtheholidayssleepingonthestreet.
McClurestartedtheGoFundMepageonNovember10.Withthepage,thecouplehopedtoraise$10,000,enoughmoneyforhisrent,areliablevehicleanduptosixmonths'expenses.Bobbitt'sstoryraninalocalpaper.ByNovember15,morethan10,000localpeoplehadmadedonationsthroughtheGoFundMepageandmorethan$300,000hadbeenraised.
OnThanksgiving,Bobbittwasrestinginahotel,hisfeetuponthebed,drawingupagrandplanforhisnewlife,thankstoseveralthousanddollarsraisedtorepayhimforagooddeed.
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"discreet"inparagraph2mostprobablymean?
A. Doubtful.
B. Cautious.
C. Guilty.
D. Optimistic.
(2)McCluremetBobbittwhenshe .
A. couldn'tfindagasstation B. gottothewayhome
C. couldn'tunlockhercar D. wasinsearchofgas
(3)Itcanbeknownfromthetextthat .
A. Bobbitt'sstoryobtainedwideattention
B. Bobbittbecameworld-famousovernight
C. theGoFundMepagecollectedover$400,000forBobbitt
D. theGoFundMepagewasstartedtohelppeoplelikeBobbitt
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A. AHomelessVeteranPaidKindnessForward
B. AHomelessVeteranHadaGenerousHeart
C. AHomelessVeteran'sKindnessPaidOff
D. ASmallKindnessMadeaBigDifference
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,—个无家可归的退伍军人将身上仅有的二十美元买了汽油送给在回家途中汽车没油的年轻女子,事后这名女子和她的男朋友专门建了一个网页为他募捐,使他不用再睡在大街上。
他们原本期望帮助他募集一万美元,意想不到的是,五天内募集到的捐款就超过了三十万美元。
(1)考查词义猜测。
第二段中的“Nobodyknewhowhegottowherehewasbecausehewasdiscreetaboutthat.”没有人知道他是怎样走到这一步(即无家可归)的,因为他对此非常小心谨慎。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“KateMcClureofFlorenceTownship,N.J.wasdrivinghomedownInterstate95andranoutofgas...AsMcClurewasheadingtothenearestgasstation,sheranintoBobbitt.”可知,McClure是在去加油站寻找油时遇见Bobbitt的 。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“Bobbitt'sstoryraninalocalpaper.”可知,McClure是在十一月十号建立募捐网页的,他们原本期望帮助Bobbitt募集一万美元,他的故事还上了当地的报纸,截至十一月十五号,一万多名当地人通过该网页进行了捐款,募集到的捐款超过了三十万美元。
可知,Bobbitt的故事引起了广泛的关注。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文主要讲述一个无家可归的退伍军人将身上仅有的二十美元买了汽油送给在回家途中汽车没油的年轻女子,事后这名女子和她的男朋友专门建了一个网页为他募捐并且募捐到了三十多万美元,即这个无家可归的退伍军人的善心得到了回报。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Mostofushavelookedupatthestarsthatfillthenightskyandwonderedwhetherwe'realoneintheuniverse.Indeed,thequestionofwhetherthere'slifeouttherehasbeensomethinghumankind'sbeenaskingitselfforcountlessyears.ButthankstoChina'sFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope(FAST),theanswertothisquestionmaycomealotsoonerthanweexpected.
Thetelescopehasahugeroundreflector,whichmeasures500metersacrossandhasaperimeter(周长)of1.6kilometers.Becauseofitsgreatsize,itwouldhavebeenbothdifficultandinefficienttogetFASTtomovelikearegulartelescope.Instead,FAST'sdesignerscameupwithagreatsolution:
itssurfaceismadeupof4450panelswhichcanbeindividuallyadjusted.Thiscleverdesignfeatureallowsscientiststodetectradiosignalsfromanyanglewithagreatdegreeofaccuracy."Panelscanchangetheirpositionsthroughconnectedwiresandparallel(关联的)robots.Wecancontroltheirpositionwithanaccuracyof1mm,"ZhengYuanpeng,chiefengineerofthetelescope'spanelproject,toldXinhuaNewsAgency.
FAST'sengineersalsohadthetaskoffindingasuitablelocation.Asanyinterferencewouldaffectitsabilitytodetectdistantradiowaves,itneededtobebuiltinaremotearea.Luckily,theperfectspotwasfoundinthebeautifulmountainsofGuizhouProvince."Therearethreehillsabout500metersawayfromoneanother,creatingavalleythatisperfecttosupportthetelescope,"SunCaihong,chiefengineerofFAST'sconstruction,toldXinhua.
Andalthoughitwasn'tyetfullyoperated,FASThadalreadymadegreatdiscoveriesbyOctober2017.Since1967,onlyaround2000pulsars(脉冲星)havebeendiscovered,yetFASThaddetectedsixmorebyOctober2017.OnceFASTisfullyupandrunning,wemayfinallyhavetheanswertooneofthebiggestquestionsinhistory.
(1)WhatisthepurposeofmentioningthequestioninParagraph1?
A. Tointroducethenewgianttelescope.
B. Toexplainwhythereislifeinuniverse.
C. Toremindreaderstothinkaboutthelifeinspace.
D. Toemphasizethequestionthatshouldbeanswered.
(2)WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?
A. Thetelescopeismadeupofmanypanels.
B. TheareaofFASTisabout800squarekilometers.
C. TheengineercanhandleFAST'spositionaccurately.
D. Theindividualpanelhelpsscientistscatchradiosignals.
(3)WhywasFASTbuiltinGuizhou?
A. BecauseGuizhouisaremoteprovince. B. BecauseGuizhouhasanidealvalley.
C. BecauseGuizhouhasbeautifulmountains. D. BecauseGuizhouhastheabilitytobuildit.
(4)Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?
A. FAST'stimeline.
B. FAST'sfuture.
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