高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars习题新人教版必修3.docx
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高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars习题新人教版必修3.docx
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高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars习题新人教版必修3
Unit4 Astronomy:
thescienceofthestars
【热点话题】
scienceandmoderntechnology(科普知识与现代技术)
知识与人类文明
体裁:
说明文
写作思路:
科技的发展对人类文明的贡献——学习知识的重要性
【美文诵读】
Humancivilizationis_mainly_attributed_to①theachievementsofscienceandtechnology.With_the_broadening_of_human_
knowledge②weknowmoreandmoreabouttheworldwearelivingin.Humanbeingsusetheirknowledgetochangetheenvironment,utilizethenaturalresources,andcreateafineworldwhichissuitableformankind.
Ascollegestudents,weshouldlearnasmanykindsofknowledgeaspossibleduringourstayattheuniversity.Withoutsufficientknowledge,wecan't_meet_the_future_needs③andcan'tbewhat_we_are_expected_to_be.④Weare_required_to_do⑤asmuchaswecantoimprovehumanlifeandsocietyaswell.
【学海拾贝】
按要求完成或翻译下列句子。
1.人类文明是科技发展的结果。
Humancivilizationis_attributed_tothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.
2.随着经济的发展,中国在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。
With_the_development_of_economy,Chinaisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintheworld.
3.我们必须拓宽这座桥以满足将来的需要。
Wemustbroadenthebridgetomeet_the_future_needs.
4.他辜负了大家的期待。
Hedidn'tbecomewhat_he_was_expected_to_be.
5.人们要求青年尽可能多地掌握知识。
Youngpeopleare_required_tolearnasmuchastheycan.
Ⅰ.按要求写出下列单词
1.大气层n.atmosphere
2.人造卫星n.satellite
3.不同,不像prep.unlike
4.气候n.climate
5.地心引力,重力n.gravity
6.理论n.theory
7.碰撞,坠落v.crash
8.宇宙飞船n.spaceship
9.链子,锁链n.chain
10.碳n.carbon
11.暴力的,猛烈的adj.violent
暴力n.violence
暴力地,猛烈地adv.violently
12.生存v.exist
生存n.existence
13.伤害,损害n.&v.harm
有害的adj.harmful
无害的adj.harmless
14.生物学n.biology
生物学家n.biologist
15.宗教n.religion
宗教的adj.religious
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Thetreatmenttheygavehimdidhimmoreharmthangood,thoughthedoctorinsisteditwasharmless.(harm)
2.Airexistseverywhereanditsexistencemakesitpossibleforustoliveon.(exist)
3.Heisverysystematic.Forexample,theliftingdevicehemadeisasystemofropesandpulleys.(system)
4.Aglobaltourmeanstravellingallaroundtheglobe.(globe)
5.Theuseofviolenceagainsttheattackersledtomoreviolentclashes.(violently)
Ⅱ.翻译下列短语
1.及时;终于in_time
2.下蛋lay_eggs
3.高兴;振奋cheer_up
4.轮流;逐个in_turn
5.爆发break_out
6.阻止prevent...from
7.既然now_that
8.以……为起点begin_with
9.四面八方in_all_directions
10.冷却cool_down
选用上述短语完成下列短文。
Jack'sinterestinanimals
(1)began_withacommonbutinterestingphenomenon.Onedayhesawadog
(2)gave_birth_toalitterofpuppies.He(3)cheeredforthebirthofthepuppiesbutwonderedwhydogsdidn't(4)lay_eggslikehensbeforetheybroughtlifetotheworld.Hisinterestmadehimafamouszoologist.
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.(p.26)
这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。
主语+动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式/从句或动名词,it作形式宾语,不定式或从句作真正宾语。
Thepresentsituationmakes_it_difficult_for_us_to_accomplishthetaskontime.
目前的情况使我们很难按时完成任务。
———————————————————————
[模仿造句]
用上述句型完成下列句子。
(1)因特网使我们有可能用很短的时间获知世界上发生的所有的事。
TheInternethasmade_it_possible_for_us_to_get_to_knowwhathappensaroundtheworldinmuchlesstime.
(2)这本字典使我学习英语容易多了。
Thedictionarymakes_it_much_easier_for_me_to_learnEnglish.
(3)这座桥使我们很方便过河。
The_bridge_made_it_quite_convenient_for_us_to_cross_the_
river.
2.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(p.26)
所以,在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
whether...dependsonwhether...
……是否……取决于是否……
Whetherwewillhaveapicnicdependsonwhetheritisfinetomorrow.
我们明天是否进行野炊取决于明天是否天晴。
———————————————————————
[模仿造句]
用上述句型完成下列句子。
(1)我们是否进行考试取决于我们是否按时完成了任务。
Whether_we_will_have_an_examinationdependsonwhetherwewillfinishthetaskontime.
(2)我是否嫁给他取决于他是否爱我。
Whether_I_will_marry_him_depends_on_whether_he_loves_me.
3.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(p.31)
而当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。
倍数的表达方式:
①“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”。
②“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”。
表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。
③“A+倍数+thesize/height/length/width,etc.+of+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”。
Thisriveristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.
Thisriverisfourtimesaslongasthatone.
Thisriverisfourtimesthelengthofthatone.
这条河比那条河长三倍。
(这条河的长度是那条河的四倍。
)
———————————————————————
[模仿造句]
请用三种方法翻译下列句子。
我的房间是你房间的三倍大。
(1)My_room_is_three_times_as_large_as_yours.
(2)My_room_is_twice_larger_than_yours.
(3)My_room_is_three_times_the_size_of_yours.
用上述句型翻译下列小片段。
当我们听说我们生产的水稻是上一年的两倍时,我们都高兴得跳起来。
我们知道,是每个人的努力工作才使得我们能生产这么多水稻。
我们也知道,来年能否做得更好取决于我们是否继续努力。
When_we_heard_that_we_produced_twice_as_much_rice_as_we_did_the_year_before,we_were_so_glad_that_we_jumped_with
_great_joy.We_knew_that_it_was_everybody's_hard_work_that_made_it_possible_for_us_to_produce_so_much_rice.We_also_knew_whether_we_could_do_better_in_the_coming_year_depended_on_whether_we_would_keep_on_trying_our_best.
阅读理解解题技巧
扫读指的是在阅读过程中只迅速浏览文章每段的大意,以获取对文章的总体把握。
扫读的方法有:
读文章的标题和副标题;
读文章简介或文章的第一段;
读每段的首、尾句;
关注文中所附图片、图表;
注意斜体字和黑体字;
读文章最后的小结。
如:
请阅读下面短文,特别关注每段的首句。
Beforeyoustartreadinganything,askyourselfwhyyou'rereadingit.Whatdoyouwanttoknowafteryou'vereadit?
Onceyouknowyourpurpose,youcanexaminetheresourcetoseewhetherit'sgoingtohelpyou.Forexample,withabook,aneasywayofdoingthisistolookattheintroductionandthechapterheadings.Theintroductionshouldletyouknowwhothebookisintendedfor,andwhatitcovers.Chapterheadingswillgiveyouanoverallviewofthestructureofthesubject.
Askyourselfwhethertheresourcemeetsyourneeds,andtrytoworkoutifitwillgiveyoutherightamountofknowledge.Ifyouthinkthattheresourceisn'tideal,don'twastetimereadingit.
Rememberthatthisalsoappliestocontentthatyousubscribeto,suchasjournalsormagazines-don'tbeafraidtoprunetheseresourcesifyouarenotgettingvaluefromsomepublishers.
1.现在重读一遍上文,这次只读每段的第一句。
2.请读下面的四句话:
Beforeyoustartreadinganything,askyourselfwhyyou'rereadingit.
Onceyouknowyourpurpose,youcanexaminetheresourcetoseewhetherit'sgoingtohelpyou.
Askyourselfwhethertheresourcemeetsyourneeds,andtrytoworkoutifitwillgiveyoutherightamountofknowledge.
Rememberthatthisalsoappliestocontentthatyousubscribeto,suchas...
其实,只需要读这四句话(每个段落的第一句),你就已经知道了本文的大意。
阅读下列这些段落,找出每段的主题句或中心思想。
1.There_are_different_styles_of_reading_for_different_situations.Thetechniqueyouchoosewilldependonthepurposeofreading.Forexample,youmightbereadingforenjoyment,informationorcompletingatask.Youneedtoadjustyourreadingspeedandtechniquedependingonyourpurpose.
2.Skimming_is_used_to_quickly_identify_the_main_idea_of_a_text.Whenyoureadthenewspaper,you'reprobablynotreadingitwordbyword,insteadyou'rescanningthetext.Skimmingisdoneataspeedthreetofourtimesfasterthannormalreading.Peopleoftenskimwhentheyhavelotsofmaterialtoreadinalimitedamountoftime.Useskimmingwhenyouwanttoseeifanarticlemaybeofinteresttoyou.
3.There_are_many_strategies_that_can_be_used_when_skimming.Considerreadingthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph.Thistechniqueisusefulwhenyou'reseekingspecificinformationratherthanreadingforcomprehension.Skimmingworkswelltofinddates,namesandplaces.Itmightbeusedtoreviewgraphs,tablesandcharts.
寻读(scanning)是一种“定位式”阅读。
在阅读过程中,读者带着特定的目的,迅速“跳跃式”阅读,了解与特定信息相关的内容。
常用的寻读方法有:
确定你要找到的特定信息;
预测特定信息可能出现的特定区域;寻找与特定信息有关的线索;
借助小标题定位特定信息所在的区域,有选择地跳读全文。
建议:
要想提高阅读理解答题准确率,同学们最好先扫读(skimming),再带着特定问题寻读(scanning)特定信息。
请阅读下面短文,并用寻读的方式做后面的练习。
ThebiggestprotestsBrazilhasseenfordecadesaretakingplaceinitsstreets.Manyofthemarehappeningoutsidethesoccerstadiums.Braziliscurrentlyhostingtheconfederationcup—aFIFAWorldCuptestevent.WhileBrazil'steambeatMexico20onTuesdaynight,thousandsofprotesterswereinprotestingaroundBrazilatthesametime.Theyareunhappywithmanythingsaboutlifeinthecountry.TheyproteststartedlastweekinRiodeJaneiroandSaoPaolobecauseofanincreaseinbusfares.Theysoonspreadacrossthecountry.Peoplearealsoangryaboutthecostofthe2014WorldCup,poorpublicservicesandcorruption.
Protestsacrossthecountryaregettingbiggerandbigger.Thepolicearetakingtougheractionstocontrolthecrowds.Policeuserubberbullets,teargasandbeatings,whichhavemadethepeopleangrier.ManyoftheprotesterswantthegovernmenttospendmoremoneyonhealthandeducationandlessontheWorldCup.
1.Howbigaretheprotests?
A.Biggerthansome,smallerthanmost.
B.Averagedsized.
C.Thebiggestindecades.
D.Thebiggestin2013.
2.Whatkindofbulletsarethepoliceusing?
A.Steel B.Rubber
C.PlasticD.Silver
3.Whatdopeoplewantmorespendingon?
A.Environmentlyfriendlyprojects
B.Roadsandbridges
C.Sports
D.Educationandhealth
答案:
1~3 CBD
第一节 阅读理解
阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2015·天津卷)OnedaywhenIwas12,mymothergavemeanorder:
Iwastowalktothepubliclibrary,andborrowatleastonebookforthesummer.Thiswasonemoreweaponforhertodefeatmystrangeproblem—inabilitytoread.
Inthelibrary,Ifoundmywayintothe“Children'sRoom”.Isatdownonthefloorandpulledafewbooksofftheshelfatrandom.Thecoverofabookcaughtmyeye.Itpresentedapictureofabeagle.Ihadrecentlyhadabeagle.thefirstandonlyanimalcompanionIeverhadasachild.Hewasmysecretsharer,butonemorning,hewasgone,givenawaytosomeonewhohadthespaceandthemoneytocareforhim.Ineverforgotmybeagle.
Thereonthebook'scoverwasabeaglewhichlookedidentical(相同的)tomydog.Iranmyfingersoverthepictureofthedogonthecover.Myeyesr
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