英语国家概况简答题.docx
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英语国家概况简答题.docx
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英语国家概况简答题
英国:
(根据新大纲,删除了Chapter6和Chapter8的内容,即下面的51-60题,71-80题)
1.WhatisthefullnameoftheUnitedKingdom?
ItistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.
2.WhatarethetwolargeislandthatmakeuptheBritishIsles?
TheyareGreatBritainandIreland.
3.WhatarethefourpoliticaldivisionsoftheUnitedKingdom?
TheyareEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.
4.WhydoestheUnitedKingdomhaveamildclimate,eventhoughitliesfarthernorththanourHeilongjiangProvince?
BecauseBritain’sclimateisinfluencedbytheGulfStream.
5.HowmanymetropolitanareasdoesEnglandhave?
Englandhassevenmetropolitanareas.
6.WhatisthebackboneofEngland?
ItisthePennines.
7.WhatisthelargestlakeintheBritishIsles?
ItisLoughNeagh.
8.FromwhatlanguagesisEnglishderived?
EnglandismainlyderivedfromtheAnglo-SaxonandNorman-Frenchlanguages.
9.Whatisaneisteddfod?
AneisteddfodisaWelshfestivalofpoetry,musicandotherarts.
10.WhathavetheScottishpeoplebeenfamousfor?
TheScottishpeoplehavebeenfamousfortheirclose-knitclans,colorfulplaidkilts,andskillasfiercewarriors.
11.HowlongwasBritainundertheRomanoccupation?
BritainwasundertheRomanoccupationfornearly400years.
12.WhywastheRomanimpactupontheBritonssurprisinglylimited?
TheRomanimpactontheBritonswassurprisinglylimitedbecausetheRomansalwaystreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclassandtheyneverintermarriedwiththenativeBritons.
13.WhendidtheAnglo-SaxonsbegintosettleinBritain?
TheAnglo-SaxonsbegantosettleinBritaininthe5thcentury.
14.WhendidEnglandbegintobeChristianized?
EnglandbegantobeChristianizedin579.
15.WhatwastheresultoftheSynodofWhitbyinYorkshirein664?
TheresultoftheSynodofWhitbywasthattheRomanmissionariesgainedtheupperhandovertheCelticmissionaries.
16.WhatwasHarolddoingwhenhewasinformedoftheinvasionofNorthumbriabyTostigandHaroldHardrada?
HewasinthesouthpreparingtoresisttheexpectedattackfromNormandy.
17.WheredidHarolddefeatTostigandHardrada?
HarolddefeatedTostigandHaroldHardradaatStanfordBridge.
18.BywhomwasWilliamcrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbey?
WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbeybytheArchbishopofYork.
19.WhatdidWilliamdoafterhesuppressedtheSaxonrisingsinthenorth?
Hebuiltastringofdefensecastlestoensurehismilitarycontrolofthewholecountry.
20.WastheNormanConquestthelastsuccessfulinvasionofEngland?
Yes.TheNormanConquestwasthelastsuccessfulinvasionofEnglandbecauseEnglandhasneverbeeninvadedsince.
21.WhydidWilliamIgivehisbaronslargeestatesinEngland?
WilliamIgavelargeestatestohisbaronsbecausehewantedtogetapromiseofmilitaryserviceandaproportionoftheland’sproduce.
22.WhatwasthepeculiarfeatureofthefeudalsystemofEngland?
Alllandowners,bigandsmall,tooktheoathofallegianceforthelandtheyheld,notonlytotheirimmediatelord,butalsototheking.
23.WhydidWilliamIhavetheDomesdayBookcompiled?
WilliamIhadtheDomesdayBookcompiledbecausehewantedtohaveareliablerecordofallhisland,histenantsandtheirpossessionsandtodiscoverhowmuchhistenantscouldbeaskedtopaybywayoftaxes.
24.WhatwasWilliamI’spolicytowardsthechurch?
Hewantedtokeepitcompletelyunderhiscontrol,butatthesametimetoupholditspower.
25.WhydidHenryIImakeThomasBecketArchbishopofCanterbury?
HethoughtthatThomasBecketwouldassisthimincarryingoutlegalreforms.
26.WhatbroughtHenryIIintocollisionwithThomasBecket,theArchbishopofCanterbury?
TheexceptionalprivilegesenjoyedbytheclergybroughtHenryIIintocollisionwithThomasBecket.
27.WhatarethetwoaspectsoftheNormanlegacythatcontributedtogreatdomesticunrestinEnglandinthe12thand13thcenturies?
OnewasEngland’spossessionofterritoryinFrance.TheotherwasNormanadherencetoRomanCatholicism.
28.WhowastheFrenchnationalheroineduringtheHundredYear’sWarwhohelpedtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance?
JoanofArc.
29.Whendidthegovernmentestablishrulesforthefirsttimetokeepdownwages?
Thegovernmentestablishedrulesforthefirsttimetokeepdownwagesin1351.
30.HowmanypeasantinKentandEssexwerekilledbyRichardII’stroops?
40,000peasantsinKentandEssexwerekilledbyRichardII’stroops.
31.WhatweretheemblemsoftheHousesofYorkandLancaster?
TheemblemoftheHouseofYorkwasawhiteroseandtheemblemoftheHouseofLancasterwasaredrose.
32.WhatwastheimpactoftheWarsoftheRosesonfeudalisminEngland?
TheWarsoftheRosesdealtadeathblowtofeudalisminEngland.
33.HowdidElizabethItrytoavoidtroublingParliamenttoooftenforpounds?
ShetriedtoavoidtroublingParliamentbymakingstricteconomiesatCourt.
34.WhatquestionsdidElizabethItreataspersonalandprivate?
Thesequestionswereherreligion,hermarriage,herforeignpolicy,thesuccessiontothethrone,andherfinance.
35.HowdidElizabethImanagetomaintaininfriendlyrelationshipwithFrance?
ShemanagedtomaintainafriendlyrelationshipwithFrancethroughhermarriageallianceswhichwerenevermaterialized.
36.WhenwasMaryQueenofScotsexecuted?
MaryQueenofScotswasexecutedin1587.
37.WhatdidthedestructionoftheSpanishArmadashow?
ItshowedEngland’ssuperiorityasanavalpower.
38.Whatwasthelong-termresultoftheGunpowderPlot?
Thelong-termresultoftheGunpowderPlothasbeenanannualcelebrationofNovember5,whenabonfireislittoburnaguyandafireworkdisplayisarranged.
39.WhatwasPuritanismnotedfor?
Itwasnotedforsimpledress,highmoralstandardsandveryegalitarianattitudes.
40.Whatisaconstitutionalmonarchy?
AconstitutionalmonarchyisonewhosepowerislimitedbyParliament.
41.WhatdidtheWhigsstandforintheearly19thcentury?
TheystoodforareductioninCrownpatronage,sympathytowardsNonconformists,andcarefortheinterestsofmerchantsandbankers.
42.Whydidchangesinfarmingmethodsaffectlivesofmillionsinthe18thcentury?
Changesinfarmingmethodsaffectedlivesofmillionsinthe18thcenturyEnglandbecausevillageandagriculturewerethebackboneofEnglandatthattime.
43.Whatdidthelandownerswanttodointhelate18thandearly19thcenturies?
Theywantedtoreplacethesmallfarmscultivatedonthe“open-field”systembylarger,economicallymoreefficientfarmswithhedge-dividedfields.
44.WhywasKingGeorgeIIInicknamed“FarmerGeorge”?
KingGeorgeIIIwasnicknamed“FarmerGeorge”becausehewasveryenthusiasticaboutagriculturalchangesatWinsor.
45.WhatwerethetwoeventswhichmostalarmedtheBritishrulingclassesintheclosingdecadesofthe18thcentury?
TheyweretheAmericanWarofIndependenceandtheFrenchRevolution.
46.WhendidtheBritishbegintotransportconvictstoAustralia?
TheBritishbegantotransportconvictstoAustraliain1788.
47.Whatwastheresultofthegeneralstrikeof1926?
Thestrikefailed.Theminerswereforcedtoreturntoworkwithlongerhoursandlowerwageseventhanbefore.Yet,outsidetheminingdistrict,thestrikeseemedtohaveimprovedrelationsbetweentheworkersandthemiddleclasses.
48.WhydidEdwardVIIIabdicatein1936afterareignof10months?
EdwardVIIIabdicatedbecausehewantedtomarryWallisSimpson,atwice-divorcedAmerican.
49.WhendidBritainfinallybecomeafullmemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity?
BritainfinallybecameafullmemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunityinJanuary,1973.
50.WhywasMrs.Thatcherremovedfromofficein1990?
ItwasbecauseofheroppositiontoEuropeanUnionandherimpositionofanextremelyunpopularflat-rate“polltax”inplaceofpropertytaxestopayorlocalgovernmentservice.
61.WheredoestheSovereign’scoronationtakeplace?
TheSovereign’scoronationtakesplaceatWestminsterAbbeyinLondon.
62.WhenistheSovereign’sbirthdayofficiallycelebrated?
ItisofficiallycelebratedinJuneeveryyear.
63.WhatdoestheDukeofEdinburghdowhentheQueenpaysstatevisitstoforeigngovernments?
Heaccompaniesher.
64.WheredoestheQueen’sexpenditurearisingfrompublicdutiescomefrom?
TheQueen’sexpenditurearisingfrompublicdutiescomesfromtheCivilListandgovernmentdepartments.
65.Whatdoestheterm“parliament”originallymean?
Theterm“parliament”originallymeansameetingforaparleyordiscussion.
66.WhatisthemainfunctionoftheHouseofLords?
ThemainfunctionoftheHouseofLordsistobringthewideexperienceofitsmembersintotheprocessoflaw-making.
67.WhatistheSpeaker’staskintheHouseofCommons?
HistaskistopresideovertheHouseandenforcetherulesoforder.
68.HowmanycountiesarethereinEnglandandWales?
Thereare53countiesinEnglandandWales.
69.Whatarethethreeislandareaswheresingle-tierauthoritieswereintroducedinScotland?
TheyaretheOrkneys,theShetlandsandtheWesternIsles.
70.HowdolocalauthoritiesinGreatBritainraiserevenue?
Theyraiserevenuethroughthecounciltax.
81.AreBritishpeopleobligedtousetheNationalHealthService?
No.Theyarenotobligedtousetheservice.
82.Whatareservicesforelderlypeopleaimedat?
Servicesforelderlypeopleareaimedathelpingthemliveathomewheneverpossible.
83.Whatistheaimofthesocialsecuritysystem?
Theaimofthesocialsecurityist
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