汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文全automobile engine injection ignition.docx
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汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文全automobile engine injection ignition.docx
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汽车专业毕业设计翻译中英文全automobileengineinjectionignition
AutomobileEngineInjectionandIgnition
UsingtheMotorolaMPC555Microcontroller
RickWagoner
InformationEducationandTechnology645,Section001
ProfessorDr.YudiGondokaryono
May2,2006
AutomobileEngineInjectionandIgnition
Introduction
Automobileenginesandpowertrainshavebecomeamajorgrowthareaformicrocontrolleruse.Thisgrowthisalsoexpectedtocontinue.Asmanynewregulationsconcerningtheexhaustemissionsandfuelefficiencymustbemetthenmoreandmoremicrocontrollersonautomobileswillberequired.Oneareathatcurrentlymakesuseofamicrocontrolleristhatoffuelinjectionandengineignition.
Thesetwoareascanbothbecontrolledinamannerthatcangreatlyincreasefuelefficiency,lowerexhaustemissions,andalsoimproveenginepowerperformance.Let’sbeginbylookingatfuelinjection.Injectingtheproperamountoffuelintotheengineatthepropertimeallowstheenginetooperateapeakperformancelevels.Thisprocesscanbeaccomplishedwithouttheuseofamicrocontroller.However,duetothemanyfactorsaffectingwhatconstitutestheproperamountandpropertimemakestheuseofamicrocontrollermuchmoreappealing.Themicrocontrollercangatherthereadingsfromsensorsconnectedtomanycomponentsontheenginetoperformcalculationsdeterminingtheproperamountandpropertimefortheinjectionprocesstooccur.Thehigherthetemperatureontheenginethebetterthefuelburns.Asthefuelburnsmoreefficientlylessfuelisrequiredtogeneratethesameamountofenergy.Havingatemperaturesensoronthemotorprovidinginputtothemicrocontrollerallowsforadjustmentoftheamountoffuelbeinginjectedintothemotortoprovidethesameamountofengineoutputenergy.Thesecalculationsarequitecomplexandthuswouldtakesometimeforapersontoperform.Themicrocontrollercangatherthedata,performthecalculations,andmakethenecessaryadjustmentsinafractionofasecond.Thegatheringandadjustmentprocesscanthusbeperformedmanytimespersecondallowforcontinuouslevelsofhigherengineperformance.
Likewise,theignitionprocesscanalsobecontrolledinasimilarprocess.Ignitionneedstooccuratatimethatwillallowtheenginetoprovidethemostenergyforuse.Iftheignitionis‘fired’exactlywhenthepistonisatitshighestpointthenenergywillbelost.Theamountoftimethatittakesfortheignitiontofireandthentraveltothepistonallowsthepistontomovedownward.Thenwhenthefuelisignitedandthereactiontakesplaceenergyisnotusedtoitsfullpotentialbecausethepistoncannotgainafull‘stroke’fromthereactionbutratherismovedwhatdistanceisavailablethusoperatingatlessthanpeakefficiency.However,iftheignitionprocessisstartedslightlybeforethepistonreachesitsuppermostpositiontheengineenergyisthususedtoitsfullpotential.Againinthisscenarioameasurementmustbetakenandacalculationmustbeperformedandthenanadjustmentmade.Thequickerthiscanbedownthemoreefficienttheenginewilloperate.
Forbothinjectionandignitiontherearemanyfactorsthatwillaffecttheoutcomeofthecalculationsrequiredtoadjusttheengineintopeakefficiency.Aswasdiscussedwiththeinjectionprocess,enginetemperatureplaysakeyroleandenginespeedgreatlyaffectstheignitionprocess.Thesefactorsarethekeyreasonthatamicrocontrollerisusedinsteadofmonitoringtheseelementsmanually.Apersonissimplyincapableofkeepingtrackofallofthesefactorsandthenalsoconsideringthemindeterminingtheproperadjustmentstobemade.ThisiswhyIwillonlyassumeaminorsetofthesefactorsfordiscussionindesigningabasicmicrocontrollersystemtocontrolbothfuelinjectionandengineignition.
Ourfuelinjectionsystemwilltakeintoaccountthetemperatureofthemotor,thepositionoftheacceleratorpedalandthepositionofthecrankshaftindeterminingwhentoopentheinjectorandhowlongtoleaveitopen.Theengineignitionsystemwillalsoconsiderthespeedoftheengineandthepositionofthecrankshaftindeterminingwhentotriggerthesparkcontrol.Bymonitoringourfourinputs:
motortemperature,acceleratorpedal,crankshaftposition,andenginespeed;wecanproperlyadjustandsynchronizeourtwooutputcomponents:
injectorsandsparkcontrol.
TomeettherequirementsofsuchasystemIrecommendusingtheMotorolaMPC555microcontroller.FollowingisablockdiagramoftheMPC555followedbyalistoffeaturesavailableonthemicrocontroller.
MPC555Features:
PowerPCRISCprocessor
PowerPCcorewithfloating-pointunit
26KbytesfastRAMand6KbytesTPUmicrocodeRAM
448KbytesflashEEPROMwith5-Vprogramming
5VI/Osystem
Serialsystem–queuedserialmulti-channelmodule(QSMCM),dualCAN2.0Bco
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