定语从句用法与练习附同步练习doc.docx
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定语从句用法与练习附同步练习doc.docx
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定语从句用法与练习附同步练习doc
定语从句用法与强化练习
北京市英语特级教师程中一
定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点,也是历年高考的热点。
为了帮助学生掌握定语从句的用法,提高综合运用英语的能力,笔者特作一下整理归纳和讲解,以期读者注意以下问题。
1.限制性定语从句分类表
关系词及其在从句中的作用
关系词
起名词作用(作主语、宾语、表语)
起形容词作用(作定语)
起副词作用(作状语)
限定性定语从句
修饰主句中的某个词或短语
that
V
V
which
V
V
who
V
whom
V
whose
V
where
V
when
V
why
V
as
V
V
注意:
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
II.非限制性定语从句分类表
关系词及其在从句中的作用
关系词
起名词作用(作主语、宾语、表语)
起形容词作用
(作定语)
起副词作用(作状语)
非
修饰主
which
V
限
句中
who
V
duK二
某个词或短
where
V
when
V
介词
V
V
定
语
+which
语
修饰整
which
V
个主句
as
V
从句
关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时也不可以省略。
定语从典型错误例析
1、误:
Theboyswhoisstandingatthedooraremysons.
正:
Theboyswhoarestandingatthedooraremysons.
解析:
关系代词在定语从句中主语,其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
2、误:
Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathaseverbeenwrittenonthesubject.
正:
Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathaveeverbeenwrittenonthesubject.
解析:
在“oneofthe+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,复数名词是先行词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,其谓语动词用复数形式。
3、误:
Thisistheonlyoneofthebestbooksthathaveeverbeenwrittenonthesubject.
正:
Thisistheonlyoneofthebestbooksthathaseverbeenwrittenonthesubject.
解析:
在"theonlyoneofthe+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,one是先行词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,其谓语动词用单数。
4、误:
Aplaneisamachinecanfly.
正:
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
解析:
在限制性定语从句中,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略;作宾语时在口语中可以省略。
在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词不能省略。
又如:
Thefinger(that)Iputintomymouthwasnottheone(that)Ihaddippedintothecup.
AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasshotonApril14,1865.
Hismother,whomheloveddearly,diedin1818.
5、误:
Whoisthemanwhichisreadingthenewspaper?
正:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaper?
解析:
that指物,有时也可以指人,which指物,不能指人。
6^误:
Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.
正:
Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.
解析:
which可以引导非限制性定语从句,也可以放在介词后面,that则不能。
7、误:
ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.
正:
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
解析:
先行词前面有形容词最高级,序数词next,last,very,any,little,no等修饰时,用that不用which引导定语从句。
8、误:
That'sallwhichIwanttosay.
正:
That'sallthatTwanttosay.
解析:
先行词是all,much,little,none等时,用that而不用which引导定语从句。
9、误:
Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?
正:
Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?
解析:
先行词是不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时,一般用that而不用which引导定语从句。
注意:
当something表示具体的事物,重要的东西,重要的人物等确定意义时,它是名词,关系代词用that或which均可。
例如:
Therewasthemysterioussomethingwhich/thattheyhadworkedsohardtofind:
radium.
10、误:
Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich/whowereunknowntousall.
正:
Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.
解析:
先行词是人和物时,要用that而不用which/who引导定语从句。
11>误:
Thepredicateisthatthatissaidofthesubject.
正:
Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.
解析:
先行词本身是that时,一般用which引导定语从句。
12^误:
Whoisthegirlwhoissinginginthehall?
正:
Whoisthegirlthatissinginginthehall?
解析:
在who开头的疑问句中,若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时,用that引导定语从句。
13、误:
HereistheEnglishgrammarbookthat,asIhavetoldyou,wi11helptoimproveyourEnglish.
正:
HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.
解析:
当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。
14>误:
Thavethreefriends,noneofthemcanspeakFrench.
正:
Ihavethreefriends,noneofwhomcanspeakFrench.
正:
IhavethreefriendsandnoneofthemcanspeakFrench.
解析:
定语从句要用关系词引导。
注意:
若把逗号”改为分号“and”误句也就变为正确的句子了。
15>误:
ThisisnotsuchabookthatIwant.
正:
ThisisnotsuchabookasIwant.
解析:
先行词受such,thesame修饰时,通常用as引导定语从句。
例如:
ThisisthesamebookasIwant.
试比较:
thesame…as与thesame…that
ThisisthesameknifeasTlost.这把刀跟我丢的是一模一样的。
(两把刀)
ThisisthesameknifethatIlost.这把刀就是我丢的。
(一把刀)
16、误:
Tomdidnotpasstheexam,asmadehismotherveryangry.
正:
Tomdidnotpasstheexam,whichmadehismotherveryangry.
解析:
as和which指整个主句的内容,引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。
as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末;which引导的定于从句一,般只位于句末。
as弓I导的定语从句常与know,sec,report,say,expect,announce等动词连用,翻译为“正像一样”;which引导的这类定语从句时常作实义动词的主语,当它引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或结果关系时,一般用whicho
17,误:
TtisthefirsttimethatTcametoBeijing.
正:
TtisthefirsttimethatThavecometoBeijing.
解析:
在Itisthefirst/sccond/lasttimethat结构的定语从句中用
完成时态。
18>误:
ThisistheschoolthatMr.Chengworks.
正:
ThisistheschoolwhereMr.Chengworks.
解析:
先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词,关键在于关系词在从句中充当的成分。
如果充当状语,就用关系副词引导定与从句;如果充当主语或宾语,则用关系代词。
例如:
ThisistheschoolthatMr.Chengsetuptenyearsago.这是程老师十年前开办的学校。
TwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.我永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。
1willneverforgetthedaythat1spentwithMr.Green.我永远不会忘记我和格林先生一起度过的那一天。
Thatwasthereasonthathegavemeyesterday.那是他昨天给我提供的理由。
Thatwasthereasonwhyhegavemeanoteyesterday.男B就是他昨天为什么给我一个条子原因。
注意:
①关系副词一般可以改为“介词+which”o例如:
Thereasonwhy/forwhichIdidn'tcomethismorningisthatitrainedhard.
1949wastheyearwhen/inwhichthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.
Thiswasthecitywhere/inwhichhewastakenawaybytheenemy.
%1why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
%1关系代词that有一种特殊的用法。
that在限制性定语从句中可以作状语,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,代替when,where,why,或“介词+which”。
例如:
Wewillneverforgettheyearthat(=when)AIDSbrokeoutinChina.
Thatistheplacethat(=where)thehealthworkersfoughtagainstAIDS.
Thiswasthereasonthat(=why)therewereover2000AIDScasesinBeijing.
%1先行词是way关系词在从句中作状语时,可用that,inwhich,它们也可以省略。
例如:
ThatwasthewayinwhichwefoughtagainstAIDS.
ThatwasthewaythatwefoughtagainstAIDS.
ThatwasthewaywefoughtagainstAIDS.
这就是他们抗击艾兹方式。
%1fromwhere中的where为关系代词。
例如:
Hestoodnearthenorthwindow,fromwherehecouldseethewholegarden.
Heclimbeduptothetopofthetemple,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.
强化练习1
I.选择填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.
A.whichB.whatC.
whateverD.that
2.Hisparentswouldn"tlethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.
B.whom
C.of
A.ofwhom
whose
D.whose
3.Allisneededisasupplyofoil.
A.thethingB.thatC.
whatD.which
4.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofhadn'tbeen
cleanedforatleastayear.
A.theseB.thoseC.
thatD.which
5.Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.
A.itB.whichC.
thisD.that
6.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown
hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.
thatD.when
II.选择填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
7.a.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsshownlastweek.
b.Thisistheonly/veryoneofthemostinterestingfilmsshown
lastweek.
A.whichwasB.thatwasC.whichwereD.thatwere
8.a.Hehastwosons,arecollegestudents.
b.Hehastwosons,andarecollegestudents.
A.bothofwhichB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.bothofit
9.a.Hestill1ivesintheroomwindowfacestotheeast.
b.Hesti11livesintheroom,thewindowfacestotheeast.
c.Hestilllivesintheroomisinthenorthofthecity.
d.Hestilllivesintheroomthereisabeautifultable.
where
A.whichB.whose
D.ofwhich
c.
10.a.
leaves
theroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
b.
who
leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
c.
who
leavetheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.
Anyone
Those
B.Who
D.Whoever
C.
11.
a.
weal1
know,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.
b.
is
well-knownthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources.
c.
is
well-known,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.
A.
Which
B.As
C.
It
D.That
12.
a.
11neverforgetthedays
westudiedtogether.
13.
a.
a.
b.
T'11neverforgetthedays
wespenttogether.
A.that
B./
C-when
D.onwhich
E.Aand
Thisistheonlyway
b.Idon'tliketheway
A.that
B./
youcanfind.
hespoketohismother.
C.inwhich
D.A,BandC
E.Aand
Galileocollectedfacts
14.
planetsmovedaroundthesun.
provedtheearthandall
theother
b.Galileocollectedfactsmovedaroundthesun.
theearthandalltheotherplanets
A.thatB.which
D.AandB
C.
15.a.Isthismuseum
theyvisitedlastmonth?
b.cleanstheblackboardistobepraised.
A.thatB.theoneC.whichD.the
onewho
16.a.Itwaseleveno'clocktheywentoutofthecinema.
b.Itwasateleveno'clocktheywentoutofthecinema.
A.whichB.thatC.
whenD.onwhich
强化练习2
I.选择填空:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
17.TheorphancamefromHainanProvince,isfarfromhere.
A.whichinwhich
B.that
C.where
D.
18.ThereasonSaturday.
mwritingtoyouisto
tellyouaboutapartyon
A.because
B.why
C.
for
D.as
19.DoyourememberoneeveningaweekagoIcametoyourroomandborrowedadictionary?
A.thatwhen
B.which
D.where
C.
20.Thebeautifulvillage,wespentourholidaylastmonth,liesatthefootofthemountain.
A.whereB.thatC.
whichD.what
21.Shehadtwodaughters,becamedoctors.
A.allofthemB.allofwhomC.bothofthemD.bothofwhom
22.ThetwothingsDella/shair.
theyfeltveryproudwereJim'sgold
watchand
A.aboutwhich
B.of
which
C.inwhich
D.
forwhich
23.Themagazine
Bettypaid
onedollarwasverygood.
A.thatwhich
B.which
C.
forwhich
D.to
24.Weadmiredhimfortheway
hefaced
hisdifficulties.
which
A.inwhich
D.how
B.inthat
C.
25.Thecleverboymadeaholehappeninginsidetheroom.
inthewall,
hecouldsecwhatwas
A.inwhich
B.throughwhich
C.atwhich
D.onwhich
26.Tsthisvillage
theyvisitedlast
month?
where
27.
28.
as
29.
A.that
B.which
D.theone
C.
Thefirstbirthdaygiftherparents
A.gaveittoherB.gave
Robertisgood
A.because
Whoistheman
A.withwho
ofwhom
at
D.
30.There
A.that
31.Heis
wasanecklace.
herC.gaveheritD.gaveit
forher
l
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