上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习.docx
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上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习.docx
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上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习
上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习
上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习
【考点讲解】
一、肯定句改为否定句
在做此类题时,通常在系动词、助动词和情态动词后加not (n't)。
如果句中没有这些词,则根据谓语动词的原形、第三人称单数动词形式或过去式而分别在其前面加do not (don't), does not (doesn't) 或did not (didn't), 并将第三人称单数动词形式或过去式改为原形。
如:
We can finish the work this afternoon. →We can't finish the work this afternoon.
They put the basket under the tree just now. →They didn't put the basket under the tree just now.
注意:
1. 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时,通常用否定主句谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。
如:
I think they can come tonight. →I don't think they can come tonight.2. 当must表示推测,表示“一定;肯定”的含义时,否定句应用can't。
如:
He must be in the room. →He can't be in the room.
二、陈述句改为疑问句
陈述句改为疑问句一般有三种情况:
一是改为一般疑问句,二是改为反意疑问句。
如:
1. The students had learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term. (改为一般疑问句)
(组) both...and, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also, as well as等,可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句,注意neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
1. Lucy can’t sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily can’t sing it, either.
_________ Lucy_________ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More.
【答案】Neither; nor。
neither...nor表示 “(两者) 都不”。
2. My father isn’t a history teacher. My mother isn’t a history teacher, either. _________ my father _________ my mother _________ a history teacher.
【答案】Neither; nor; is。
neither …nor… 作句子的主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。
1.Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too. _________ Alice_________ Sandy have seen the film twice.
【答案】Both; and。
both…and 表示“(两者)都”。
4. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells _________ _________ men’s shoes _________ _________ men’s clothes.
【答案】not only; but also。
not only...but also示“不仅……而且”之意。
5.利用介词短语改写
1. We have friends in the whole world.
Our friends are _________ _________ the world.
【答案】all over。
固定词组all over表示“遍及”之意。
2. It’s a long time since we met last.
We haven’t seen each other _________ _________.
【答案】for long。
for long意为“很长一段时间”。
3. He walks to school every day.
He goes to school _________ _________ every day.
【答案】on foot。
固定词组on foot意为“步行”。
2.Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry.
Tom _________ to school _________ breakfast.
【答案】went; without。
介词without有“没有,不(带) ”之意。
5. I met one of my friends when I was going to the museum.
_________ _________ _________ to the museum I met an old friend of mine.
【答案】On my way。
介词短语on one’s way to… 表示“在某人去……的路上意思。
6.利用不定式改写
1. The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well.The foreigners want to know _________ _________ learn Chinese Kongfu well.
【答案】how to。
不定式与特殊疑问词what, when, where, how, which, whether连用构成不定式复合结构,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
2. She was so weak that she couldn’t take care of her baby. She was _________ weak _________ take care of her baby.
【答案】too; to。
原句意思是:
她身体太弱,不能照顾孩子。
too…to … 句型表示“太……以致于(不能)……”之意。
3. She seems to be worried now.
_________ _________ that she _________ worried now.
【答案】It seems; is。
固定句型 It seems / seemed that sb… 可替换成sb seems / seemed to …,表示“某人看起来……”。
3.He was so happy that he couldn’t say a word when he was told the news.
He was _________ happy _________ say a word when he was told the news.
【答案】too; to。
too…to… 表示“太……而不能……”之意。
5. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn’t skate on it.
The ice on the lake was not _________ enough _________people _________ _________ _________ it.
【答案】thick; for; to skate on。
形容词或副词+enough +to do sth,意为“足够……以致于能够……”,用来替换“so…that+结果状语从句”。
6. In China we build the Great Green Wall so that the wind won’t blow the earth away.
In China we build the Great Green Wall _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ the earth away.
【答案】to stop the wind from blowing。
不定式作目的状语。
7.利用时态改写
中考同义句改写中涉及的时态间的相互转换主要是针对一般过去时与现在完成时两种时态间的转换而言的,应特别注意非延续性动词的用法。
如:
1. The film began 20 minutes ago.
The film has been _________ _________ 20 minutes.
【答案】on for。
短暂动词begin,在此意为“(电影) 开始(放映、上演) ”,不能与延续时间状语连用,与延续性时间状语连用时,将begin 改成be up。
has been提示时态是现在完成时态, “for+时间段” 表示“持续(一段时间) ”,常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。
摘自中考英语网
2. Sam’s grandfather died 10 years ago.
Sam’s grandfather has been _________ _________ 10 years.
【答案】dead for。
短暂动词die,意为“死亡”,不能与延续性时间状语连用,与延续性时间状语连用时,将短暂动词die改为be dead。
3. My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago.
My grandpa _________ _________ _________ the Party for thirty years. 【答案】has been in。
短暂动词join,意为“加入(组织,政党)”,不能与延续性时间状语连用,与延续性时间状语连用时,将join 改成be in 或be a member in…。
”
4. I got up half an hour ago.
I _________ _________ up for half an hour.
【答案】have been。
短暂动词get up,意为“起床”,不能与延续时间状语连用,与延续性时间状语连用时,将get up 改成be up。
5. Three years has passed since the students came to this school. The students have _________ _________ this school for three years.
【答案】been in。
与原句意思一致,“学生在这所学校里已3年了”。
8.利用语态改写
通过改变主语,主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换,特别要注意时态、情态动词的用法。
如:
1. People grow rice in the south of China.
Rice_________ _________ in the south of China.
【答案】is grown。
rice作主语,助动词用一般现在时的单数形式is。
2. Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should _________ _________ on time.
【答案】be given back。
被动句中含有情态动词should,因此助动词用be。
3. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
Computers _________ widely _________ in the world today.
【答案】are; used。
computers是复数名词作主语,助动词用are,且句子用被动。
4. We must keep the noise level under 50dbs(分贝).
The noise level must _________ _________ under 50dbs.
【答案】be kept。
被动句中含情态动词must,因此助动词用be。
5. Do they grow rice in autumn?
_____ rice_____ in autumn?
【答案】Is; grown。
不可数名词rice作主语, 助动词用单数is,一般疑问句的助动词置于句首。
6. We call maths the language of science.
Maths _________ _________ the language of science.
【答案】is called。
主语maths虽然是以s结尾,但并不是名词的复数,因此助动词仍用单数is。
9.利用反义词改写
用反义词或词组加上否定词表达与原句相同的意思,主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。
如:
1. The boy lent a story-book to Tom just now.
Tom _________ a story-book _________ the boy just now.
【答案】borrowed; from。
borrow…from意为“从……借来”;而lend…to意为“向……借出”,两个词组正好为一组反义词组,当句子的主语变化时,两个词组可以进行互换。
2. The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike. The factory is _________here. It’s only ten minutes’_________.
【答案】near; bike-ride。
not far的意思是“不远,近”,可用形容词near与之转换。
3. I think music is less interesting than P.E.
I _________think music is _________interesting than P.E.
【答案】don’t; more。
less interesting的意思是“没有 / 不及……有趣”,与之相反more interesting的意思是“(比) ……更有趣”。
语言现象“否定的转移”要求将think后面宾语从句中的否定形式转移到think 上。
4. The bike under the tree is different from this one.
The bike under the tree isn’t the _________ _________this one.
【答案】same as。
the same as意为“与……相同”,而反义词组 be different from 意为“与……不同”。
10.利用同义词改写
用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换,注意替换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。
如:
1. They could see icebergs here and there.
They could see icebergs _________.
【答案】everywhere。
everywhere与here and there都有“到处”之意。
2. Mrs Green always takes good care of the children in the school.
Mrs Green always _________ _________ the children well in the school.
【答案】looks after。
take good care of 与look after…well都有“好好照顾”之意。
3. Lin Tao is good at physics.
Lin Tao_________ _________ in physics.
【答案】does well。
be good at与do well in都有“在……(方面) 做得好,擅长于……”之意。
4. I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better. He_________ F4_________ Backstreet Boys.
【答案】prefers, to。
词组prefer A to B 意为“选择A(而不选择B);比起 B 来,更喜欢A”。
5. Mother is ill. Send for a doctor right away.
Mother is ill. Send for a doctor _________ _________. 【答案】at once。
right away与at once 都有“马上”之意。
6. They enjoyed themselves at the garden party.
They _________ _________ _________ _________ at the garden party.
【答案】had a good time。
enjoy oneself同have a good time都有“玩得很高兴,愉快”之意。
【配套练习】
1. How can we stop him from smoking?
How can we ____________ him ____________ smoking?
2. I want to know who is going to take charge of this project.
I wander who is going to be_________ _________ this project.
3. The old lady was surprised at the great changes in our city.
The old lady was ________ ________ the great changes in our city.
4. Mr. Wang took us to visit the new school.
Mr. Wang ________ us _________ the new school.
4.Wang Hai likes playing football. I like playing football, too.
________ Wang Hai ________ I __________ playing football.
Wang Hai likes playing football. ________ _______ I.
_______ _______Wang Hai _______ ______I _______ playing football6. Mr. Gray didn’t go to Beijing yesterday. His wife didn’t go there, either. _______ Mr. Gray _______ his wife _______ to Beijing yesterday.
Mr. Gray didn’t go to Beijing yesterday. _______ _______ his wife.
7. Jack managed to swim across the river last Friday.
Jack ________ in ________ across the river last Friday.
8. Writing the world-famous works cost his whole life.
He _______ his whole life _______ _______ the world-famous works.
9. We are pleased that Tom told us the truth.
We are pleased ________ Tom’s _________.
10. It will take Lee Hua half an hour to get the answer to the maths problem.
It will take Lee Hua half an hour to _______ _______ the maths problem. 11. I don’t know when we will start.
I _______ ______ ______ when we will start.
12. I didn’t catch the first bus this morning.
I _______ _______ _______ catch the first bus this morning.
I _______ _______ catch the first bus this morning.
13. This classroom is as large as ours.
This classroom is _______ _______ ________ _______ ours.
14. We didn’t need chemistry teachers last term.
We were _______ _______ _______ of chemistry teachers last term.
15. Mary’s brother has stopped smoking.
Mary’s brother has _______ _______ smoking.
16. We haven’t decided where to have the meeting.
We haven’t decided _______ the ______ to have the meeting.
17. The oranges are so expensive that neither of us can buy any.
The oranges are
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