最新名词及主谓一致用法和练习.docx
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最新名词及主谓一致用法和练习.docx
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最新名词及主谓一致用法和练习
第二讲.名词和主谓一致
主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况:
1.主语为单数第三人称时,谓语要变单数,即加“S”如:
reads,sits
注意特例:
(1)-s,-ss,-o,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的词要加-es
如:
misses,kisses,does,fixes,brushes,astonishes,scratches
(2)元音字母+y结尾+s;辅音字母+y结尾,要变成辅音字母+ies;
如:
says,sprays,delays,flies,studies,
(3)-fe,-f结尾的词尾要变成-ves
如:
strife(争吵),stuff(填塞),puff(喘气),
名词的变化
(1)名词的数
1)可数名词的复数形式
类别
多数情况规则
少数情况不规则
多数可数名词
加–s,如:
egg-eggsbike-bikes
film-films
test-tests
child-children
ox-oxen;foot–feet;tooth–teeth;mouse-mice;louse-lice;crisis-crises;basis-bases;emphasis----emphases,thesis---theses,analysis—analyses;medium-media;datum-data;phenomenon-phenomena;bacterium—bacteria,criterion-criteria
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的可数名词
加-es,如:
glass-glassesfox-foxes;church-churches;watch-watchesbush-bushes
词尾ch发[k]音时,加-s构成复数名词,如:
stomachs
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的可数名词
变“y”为“i”再加“-es”
如:
baby-babiesability-abilities
以“元音字母+Y”结尾的可数名词加-s,如:
monkey-monkeys
Key-keys;boy-boys
以“o”结尾的可数名词
加-es,如:
hero-heroes
Potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes
1.加-s,如:
auto,photo,memo,kilo,shampoo,radio,zoo,piano….2.加-s或-es,如:
buffalo-buffalo(e)svolcano-volcano(e)scargo-cargo(e)s
以“f”或“fe”结尾的可数名词
变“f”或“fe”为“v”再加“es”,
如:
life-lives;leaf-leaves
1.加-s,如:
serf,chief,gulf,roof,cuff,cliff,proof,safe,belief,relief,cuff…
2.加–s或变“f”或“fe”为“v”加“es”皆可,如:
scarf-scarfs(scarves)handkerchief-handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)
2)既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
有些名词属兼类名词,作可数名词时表示具体事物,作不可数名词时表抽象概念。
---- Tomrentedasingleroomtoprepareforthecomingexam.(room为可数名词)
汤姆租了一个单人间准备即将到来的考试。
----Youressayiswell–writtenasawhole,yetthereisstillsomeroomforimprovement.(room为不可数名词)
虽然你的文章写得不错,但还有需要改进的余地。
这样的名词有:
experience(可数为“经历”,不可数为“经验”);beauty(可数为“美人”,不可数为“美”);office(可数为“办公室”,不可数为“公职”);success(可数为“成功的人/物”,不可数为“成功”);judgment(可数为“判决”,不可数为“判断”);security(可数为“证券”,不可数为“安全”)等。
3)复合名词复数形式的特殊情况
一般说来,以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:
homework,sunlight;以可数名词结尾的复合名词只将其中的主体名词变为相应的复数,如:
bedrooms,bookshelves,housewives,fathers-in-law。
此外,我们还需留意复合名词复数形式的如下特殊情况:
类别
复数形式
基数词+名词(+形容词)
其中名词一律用单数,如:
aten-year-oldgirl;a200-mile-longroad;afive-foot-highboy
以man,woman,gentleman等为修饰词的复合名词
其中所有名词都用复数,如:
menservants;womenreporters;gentlemendrivers。
但是,要说girl(boy)students,以及Germans,humans,Romans,Normans
少数复合名词:
可数名词+介词(短语)
动词/ed分词+副词
动词-ing形式+副词
名词后加-s,如comrades-in-arms;passers-by词尾加-s,如:
take-offs;go-betweens
动词-ing形式后加-s,如:
comings-in
2.Every/Each+(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词)+单数谓语
Everymanandwomaninthissocietyneedscare.
Eachboyandeachgirlhereworkshard.
No+(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词)+单数谓语
Noteacherorstudentinthisschoolisallowedtodisobeytherules.
Noteacherandnostudentinthisschoolisallowedtodisobeytherules.
2.集合名词作主语的三种情况
a)有些集合名词作主语,谓语只能用单数形式
furniture,equipment,jewellery,scenery,clothing,bedding,…
(2)有些集合名词作主语,谓语只能用复数形式
people,folk,police,cattle,militia,poultry,mankind…
(3)有些集合名词作主语,看作整体谓语只能用单数形式,看作全体成员,谓语需用复数形式。
team,club,family,class,audience,group,committee,government,cabinet,board,couple,army,jury,party,staff,faculty,personnel,union,public,…
Thegovernmenthasmadeadecisiontoeliminatedrug-abusing.
Thegovernmentarearguingaboutthepassingofanewlaw.
Thefamilyhaslivedherefor50years.
Thefamilyaregoingabroadforaholiday.
4.由bothand连接的两个名词或代词,谓语用复数,但是,由eitheror,neithernor,or,notonlybutalso连接的两个名词或代词,或在Therebe,Herebe的倒装句型中,谓语的单复数取决于临近主语。
Eitheryouorsheisneededtohelppainttheroom.
HaveneitheryounorhebeentoTibet?
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisgoingtoseethisnewfilm.
Thereisaschoolandsomesupermarketsnearby.
5.两个名词或代词由一些词(组)相连接,如aswellas,together/alongwith,
carrying,supportedby,accompaniedby,besides,apartfrom,inadditionto,
but,except,(un)like,nolessthan,otherthan等,谓语需与第一个名/代词取得一致。
Jane,unlikehersisters,doesn’tlikedancing.
Theteacher,inadditiontothestudents,hasseenthisfilm.
Tom,nolessthanTim,isapromisingstudent.
Anoldwoman,supportedbytwoyoungpioneers,iscrossingthestreet.
Theclub,otherthanthechairman,areinfavoroftheplan.
6.表示部分数量的词(组)+of+名词+谓语结构中,谓语的单复数取决于名词:
名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式,谓语用单数;名词为可数名词的复数形式,谓语用复数。
Alloftheworkisdone.
Allofthestudentsarehere.
Thewholeofthebirthdaycakehasbeeneaten.
Thewholeofthemuffinshavebeeneaten.
Noneofthecoffeeisleft.
Noneofthetelephoneswork/works.
Noneofthesegraduatesare/isfromparents’families.
Noneofthemarequalifiedworkers.
7.What引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数,但若表语中出现复数名词,则谓语要用复数,以与表语取得一致。
Whathesaidisright.
Whattheteachersaysanddoeshaseffectonhisstudents.
Whattheteachersaysanddoesdon’tagree(witheachother).
Whatheboughtweretwoballs.
Whattheyneedbadlyarecreativewriters.
WhatIhavesaidanddonehavenothingtodowithyou.
Whatisrealtohimarethedetailsofhislife.
其他名词性从句作主语,用单数谓语
Whetherhewillpassthetestisstillunknown.
Howhesucceededremainsasecret.
WhoaregoingtovisitMr.Smithisundecided.
8.单个动词不定式或动名词作主语,谓语用单数。
Toseeistobelieve/Seeingisbelieving.
Toplaninadvanceisagoodthing.
Forhimtofinishthetaskinhalfanhourisachallenge.
Playingwithfireisadangerousthing.
Heroftencominglateannoyedthedirector.
两个动词不定式或动名词作主语,若指两类事物,谓语用复数;但若指某一事物的两个方面,则谓语应用单数。
TolisteningtomusicandtowatchTVaremyfavoritethings.
Earlytobedandearlytoriseisbeneficialtohealth.
Readingnovelsandsolvingproblemsaretwodifferentthings.
Weepingandcryingdoesnothingtowardssettlingtheproblem.
9.anumber/varietyof+复数名词+复数谓语
thenumber/varietyof+复数名词+单数谓语
Anumberofthestudentsherearefromkeyschools.
Thenumberofthestudentsattendingeveningschoolsisontherise.
Avarietyofnewgoodsareondisplay.
Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleinthatstoreissurprising.
10.用and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指同一个人或事物时,用单数谓语。
Ascientistandpoetisgoingtogiveusalecturetomorrow.
Myneighborandcolleagueiswateringtheflowers.
Thepartnerandmanagerhaswarnedusnottobelazy.
Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.
Whiskyandsodaisalwayshisfavoritedrink.
此外,aknifeandfolk,acollarandtie,aneedleandthread,acupandsaucer,acartandhorse,….也通常被看作整体,谓语用单数。
Aneedleandthreadisneededtomendthecoat.
Anadditionalknifeandforkwasboughtforthedinner.
11.the+一类形容词/分词用来表示类比,谓语用复数
Therich/poor/young/old/aged/injured/wounded/unknown/elderly/sick/ignorant/seeing/blind/living/dead/disabled/…+复数谓语
Aftertheearthquakes,theburiedwererescuedandthelostwerefound.
12.Manya+单数名词+单数谓语
Morethanone+单数名词+单数谓语
Manyapolicemanhasdevotedhislifetotheorderofoursociety.
Morethanonestudentherewasinjuredintheaccidentyesterday.
Thereismorethanoneanswertothisquestion.
Oneandahalf+复数名词+单数谓语
Look!
Oneandahalfbananasisonthefloor.
13.oneof+复数名词+定语从句中的复数谓语(表共性)
the(only)oneof+复数名词+定语从句中的单数谓语(表个性)
Tomisoneofthetenboysherewholikefootball.(表共性)
Tomisthe(only)oneofthetenboysherewhodislikestennis.(表共性)
14.定语从句中谓语的单复数取决于其先行词
He,whoislazyinstudy,won’tsucceedeasily.
I,whoamyourfriend,willhelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.
15.以-ics结尾的名词作主语,指学科,用单数谓语;若转义指具体活动,则用复数谓语
Mathematics数学,(单数谓语)―――计算能力,(复数谓语)
Politics政治学,(单数谓语)―――政治手腕,(复数谓语)
Economics经济学,(单数谓语)―――经济形势,(复数谓语)
Statistics统计学,(单数谓语)―――统计数字,(复数谓语)
16.由两个一半组成的物体,应用pair来计数,若无pair,则用复数谓语
trousers,pants,jeans,shorts,shoes,sleepers,boots,gloves,glasses,scales,tongs,scissors,socks,stockings,…
Thispairoftrousersisexpensive.
Heretrousersarenewtoday.
Anotherpairofsunglasseswasshownher/tothecustomer.
17.单复同形的名词作主语,其谓语的单复数要根据这些名词在句中的意思而定
始终用复数形式的词:
means,series,species,bellows,headquarters,…
始终用单数形式的词:
sheep,aircraft,deer,shark,fish(同种鱼)…
Thismeansisreallyeffective.(一种手段)
Hismeanshavebeenusedup.(多种手段)
Hermeansaresmall.(经济能力,财富)
18.therest,thefollowing,…其谓语的单复数要根据这些词在句中的意思而定
Athirdoftheworkwasdoneyesterday,andtherestistobefinishedtomorrow.
Athirdofthestudentswereinvitedtothepartyyesterday,andtherestweretoldtoreviewtheirlessonsatschool.
Thefollowingismyanswer.
Thefollowingaremysuggestions.
主谓一致语法练习题
1.Tenpercentoftheworkersinthiscity______nowonstrike.
A.isB.are*C.istobeD.aretobe
2.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexiblepattern,andoftrainingandretainingschemes______morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.
A.allowB.allows*C.allowingD.haveallowed
3.Thesestatistics______manageableunitsformeasuringdistanceswithinthesolarsystem.
A.are*B.isC.haveD.istobe
4.Mathematicsaswellasphysicsalways______mealotofheadaches.
A.hascausedB.arecausingC.causeD.causes*
5.NotonlyyouandIbutPeter,thetopstudentinourgrade,____notabletosolvetheproblem.
A.areB.wereC.is*D.am
6.Plentyoffruits,eggs,andvegetables______neededforhealth.
A.are*B.isC.isbeingD.have
7.NeitherJanenorherbrothers___aconsentformfortomorrow'sfieldtrip.
A.need*B.needsC.isneedingD.hasneed
8.Whatthemansaidundertheoath______byseveralotherwitnesses.
A.wasquestioned*B.werequestioned
C.questionedD.bequestioned
9.Thegovernment______hopingtomaketheirfindingsknownsoon.
A.isB.hasbeenC.are*D.be
10.Todaythere______anumberoftelephonecallsfromtheapplicantsfortheposition.
A.havebeen*B.ishavingC.hasbeenD.aretohave
11.Tolistentofinemusicandtohavestimulatingconversationwithgoodfriends______twopleasuresinlife.
A.isB.are*C.wasD.hasbeen
12.Ofparticularinteresttovisito
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